高考英语阅读理解专题训练极品题（13）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解专题训练极品题（13）及答案c72013江苏卷 -bweve considered several ways of paying to cut in line：hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers(票贩子)，or purchasing linecutting privileges directly from，say，an airline or an amusement park.each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue(waiting your turn)with the morals of the market(paying a price for faster service)markets and queuespaying and waitingare two different ways of allocating things，and each is appropriate to different activities.the morals of the queue，“first come, first served，” have an egalitarian(平等主义的)appeal.they tell us to ignore privilege，power，and deep pockets.the principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.but the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.if i put my house up for sale, i have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because its the first.selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities，properly governed by different standards.sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.think of the recorded message you hear，played over and over，as you wait on hold when calling your bank：“your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.”this is essential for the morals of the queue.its as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.but dont take the recorded message too seriously.today, some peoples calls are answered faster than others.call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places.you might call this telephonic queue jumping.of course，markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things.some goods we distribute by merit，others by need，still others by chance.however，the tendency of markets to replace queues，and other nonmarket ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore.it is striking that most of the paid queuejumping schemes weve consideredat airports and amusement parks，in call centers，doctors offices，and national parksare recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago.the disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern，but these are not the only places that markets have entered.58according to the author，which of the following seems governed by the principle “first come，first served”？ataking buses. bbuying houses.cflying with an airline. dvisiting amusement parks.59the example of the recorded message in paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates _athe necessity of patience in queuing bthe advantage of modern technologycthe uncertainty of allocation principle dthe fairness of telephonic services60the passage is meant to _ajustify paying for faster services bdiscuss the morals of allocating thingscanalyze the reason for standing in line dcriticize the behavior of queue jumping【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述的是生活中购物买票等的插队问题。作者通过举例、道理分析来解读道德和市场的平衡问题，要想得到快速的服务，就要额外付出更多的费用，由此对在道德和市场竞争之间产生的矛盾进行探讨。58a推理判断题。根据第二段中的“first come, first served”和第三段“the principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.but the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.”可知选a项。59c细节判断题。根据第四段“sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.”和第五段可知，有时分配的原则是不断变化的，也就是说分配原则的不确定性，故选c项。60b作者意图题。本文主要阐述了如何进行分配，讨论了基于分配原则的可变性的道德标准，故选b项。社会生活类-43franz kafka wrote that “a book must be the ax (斧子) for the frozen sea inside us.” i once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didnt seem to require any explanation.wed just finished john steinbecks novel of mice and men. when we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did i. “are you crying? ”one girl asked, as she got out of her chair to take a closer look. “i am, ” i told her, “and the funny thing is ive read it many times. ”but they understood. when george shoots lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was always going to happen. in my 14 years of teaching in a new york city public middle school, ive taught kids with imprisoned parents, abusive parents, irresponsible parents; kids who are parents themselves; kids who are homeless; kids who grew up in violent neighborhoods. they understand, more than i ever will, the novels terrible logicthe giving way of dreams to fate (命运) .for the last seven years, i have worked as a reading enrichment teacher, reading classic works of literature with small groups of students from grades six to eight. i originally proposed this idea to my headmaster after learning that a former excellent student of mine had transferred out of a selective high schoolone that often attracts the literary- minded children of manhattans upper classesinto a less competitive setting. the daughter of immigrants, with a father in prison, she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates. i thought additional “cultural capital”could help students like her develop better in high school, where they would unavoidably meet, perhaps for the first time, students who came from homes lined with bookshelves, whose parents had earned ph. ds.along with of mice and men, my groups read: sounder, the red pony, lord of the flies, romeo and juliet and macbeth. the students didnt always read from the expected point of view. about the red pony, one student said, “its about being a man, its about manliness. ” i had never before seen the parallels between scarface and macbeth, nor had i heard lady macbeths soliloquies (独白) read as raps (说唱) , but both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious. once introduced to steinbecks writing, one boy went on to read the grapes of wrath and told me repeatedly how amazing it was that “all these people hate each other, and theyre all white. ”his historical view was broadening, his sense of his own country deepening. year after year, former students visited and told me how prepared they had felt in their first year in college as a result of the classes.year after year, however, we are increasing the number of practice tests. we are trying to teach students to read increasingly complex texts, not for emotional punch (碰撞) but for text complexity. yet, we cannot enrich(充实) the minds of our students by testing them on texts that ignore their hearts. we are teaching them that words do not amaze but confuse. we may succeed in raising test scores, but we will fail to teach them that reading can be transformative and that it belongs to them.1. the underlined words in paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to_ .a. realize our dreams b. give support to our lifec. smooth away difficultiesd. awake our emotions2. why were the students able to understand the novel of mice and men?a. because they spent much time reading it.b. because they had read the novel before.c. because they came from a public school.d. because they had similar life experiences.3. the girl left the selective high school possibly because_.a. she was a literary- minded girlb. her parents were immigrantsc. she couldnt fit in with her classd. her father was then in prison4. to the authors surprise, the students read the novels_ .a. creativelyb. passivelyc. repeatedlyd. carelessly5. the author writes the passage mainly to_.a. introduce classic works of literatureb. advocate teaching literature to touch the heartc. argue for equality among high school studentsd. defend the current testing system【参考答案】43.ddcab社会生活类-44sports account for a growing amount of income made on the sales of commercial time by television companies. many television companies have used sports to attract viewers from particular sections of the general public, and then they have sold audiences to advertisers. an attraction of sport programs for the major u.s. media companies is that events are often held on saturday and sunday afternoonsthe slowest time periods of the week for general television viewing. sport events are the most popular weekend programs, especially among male viewers who may not watch much television at other times during the week. this means the television networks are able to sell advertising time at relatively high prices during what normally would be dead time for programming. media corporations also use sports to attract commercial sponsors that might take their advertising dollars elsewhere if television stations did not report certain sports. the people in the advertising departments of major corporations realize that sports attract male viewers. they also realize that most business travelers are men and that many men make family decisions on the purchases of computers, cars and life insurance. golf and tennis are special cases for television programming. these sports attract few viewers, and the ratings (收视率) are unusually low. however, the audience for these sports is attractive to certain advertisers. it is made up of people from the highest income groups in the united states, including many lawyers and business managers. this is why television reporting of golf and tennis is sponsored by companies selling high- priced cars, business and personal computers, and holiday trips. this is also why the networks continue to carry these programs regardless of low ratings. advertisers are willing to pay high fees to reach high- income consumers and those managers who make decisions to buy thousands of “company cars” and computers. with such viewers, these programs dont need high ratings to stay on the air. 1. television sport programs on weekend afternoons_.a. result in more sport eventsb. get more viewers to play sportsc. make more people interested in televisiond. bring more money to the television networks2. why would weekend afternoons become dead time without sport programs? a. because there would be few viewers. b. because the advertisers would be off work. c. because television programs would go slowly. d. because viewers would pay less for watching television. 3. in many families, men make decisions on.a. holiday tripsb. sports viewing c. television shoppingd. expensive purchases4. the ratings are not important for golf and tennis programs because _.a. their advertisers are carmakersb. their viewers are attracted by sportsc. their advertisers target at rich peopled. their viewers can afford expensive cars5. what is the passage mainly about? a. television ratings are determined by male viewers. b. rich viewers contribute most to television companies. c. sports are gaining importance in advertising on television. d. commercial advertisers are the major sponsors of sport events. 【参考答案】44.dadcc c72013江西卷 -bwhen international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (确保) that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. the way to achieve this may not be simple. it is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. the united nations organization(uno) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. here however rises the problem of costs. also tied with this is time. perhaps the uno could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.more than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. a common proverb says, “give_me_a_fish_and_i_eat_for_a_day,_teach_me_to_fish_and_i_eat_for_a_lifetime.” if we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. for example, a country could share its technology with another. this could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. even a small country is able to help less developed nations. sometime what is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. it does not cost much to share such simple things. exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. they can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. it will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. besides giving effective help to the countries concerned, there is also the buildup of friendships to consider. giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. however, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.61according to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time?a. by solving the cost problems.b. by solving the transportation problems.c. by setting up a body of devoted people in every country.d. by relying on the direct distribution of the uno.62what does the author try to express in the underlined sentence? a. providing food is vital. b. learning to fish is helpful.c. teaching skills is essential. d. looking a