高考英语阅读理解抓分训练题（40）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分训练题（40）及答案阅读理解-a篇ottawa - canadas western city of calgary is the worlds best city when it comes to healthy living, local press reported monday. according to an international survey by mercer human resource consulting, a london-based consulting firm, calgary was put at the top of a list of 144 cities. it scored 121 points, just above honolulus score of 120. helsinki（赫尔辛基，芬兰首都） and ottawa followed at 119.5 and 118.5 respectively. three other canadian cities came in the top 20. montreal and vancouver tied for ninth and toronto came in at 18th. the scores are based on air pollution levels, availability and quality of hospitals and medical supplies, as well as the efficiency of waste removal and sewage systems. in america, the lowest scoring city was atlanta, which was ranked 76th. athens was the lowest scoring city in western europe, ranking 120th because of its air pollution. london was ranked 59th.46. how many canadian cities are in the top 20?a. 3. b. 4. c. 5. d. 6. 47. which of the following is not taken into account when the cities were scored?a. weather conditions. b. air quality. c. waste removal. d. medical supplies. 48. among the following cities, which is the lowest scoring one?a. atlanta. b. athens. c. london. d. helsinki.参考答案4648、cab 阅读理解i once had my chinese mba students brainstorming on “two-hour business plans”. i separated them into six groups and gave them an example: a restaurant chain. the more original their idea, the better, i said. finally, five of the six groups presented plans for restaurant chains. the sixth proposed a catering(餐饮) service. though i admitted the time limit had been difficult, i expressed my disappointment.my students were middle managers, financial analysts and financiers from state-owned enterprises and global companies. they were not without talent or opinions, but they had been shaped by an educational system that rarely stressed or rewarded critical thinking or inventiveness. the scene i just described came in different forms during my two years teaching at the school. papers were often copied from the web and the harvard business review. case study debates were written up and just memorized. students frequently said that copying is a superior business strategy, better than inventing and creating.in china，every product you can imagine has been made and sold. but so few well-developed marketing and management minds have been raised that it will be a long time before most people in the world can name a chinese brand.with this problem in mind, partnerships with institutions like yale and mit have been established. and then theres the “thousand talent scheme”： this new government program is intended to improve technological modernization by attracting top foreign trained scientists to the mainland with big money. but there are worries about chinas research environment. its hardly known for producing independent thinking and openness, and even big salary offers may not be attractive enough to overcome this.at last, for china, becoming a major world creator is not just about setting up partnerships with top western universities. nor is it about gathering a group of well-educated people and telling them to think creatively. its about establishing a rich learning environment for young minds. its not that simple.1. why does the author feel disappointed at his students?a. because there is one group presenting a catering service.b. because the six groups made projects for restaurant chains.c. because all the students copied a case for the difficult topic.d. because the students ideas were lacking in creativeness.【详解剖析】考查推理判断能力。根据第一段整体的信息作出判断和推理。【最佳选项】d2. which of the following scenes is not considered as lack of creation?a. papers were often downloaded from the internet.b. students often said that copying is a preferable business strategy.c. students combine knowledge and critical thoughts to solve a problem.d. case study debates were written up as well as recited.【详解剖析】考查判断推理能力。第二段整体判断，特别是最后一句。【最佳选项】c3. the underlined word “scheme” in the forth paragraph means_.a. timetable b. themec. project d. policy【详解剖析】考查猜词能力。第四段的第2句“this new government program”中this指代前面的“thousand talent scheme”，而scheme和program为同义词，c中project为program同义词。【最佳选项】c4. we can infer from the passage that_.a. china can make and sell any product all over the worldb. high pay may not solve the problem of chinas research environmentc. cooperation with institutions has been set up to make a chinese brandd. the new government program are aimed at encouraging imagination【详解剖析】考查推理判断能力。文中没有直接表达出来，根据最后一句得出，“even big salary offers may not be attractive enough to overcome this.”中this指的是chinas learning environment存在的问题即problem，也是指its hardly known for producing independent thinking and openness这个问题。【最佳选项】b5. which is the best title of the passage? a. look for a new way of learning.b. reward creative thinking.c. how to become a creator.d. establish a technical environment.【详解剖析】考查主旨判断题。从整体和最后一段判断，整篇文章是讲关于教育出现的问题有了丰富的学习环境，及新的学习方法，才能有创造性的研究氛围。【最佳选项】athroughout the world, boys and girls prefer to play with different types of toys. boys typically like to play with cars and trucks, while girls typically choose to play with dolls. why is this? a traditional sociological explanation is that boys and girls are socialized and encouraged to play with different types of toys by their parents, peers, and the “society”. growing scientific evidence suggests, however, that boys and girls toy preferences may have a biological origin.in 2002, gerianne m. alexander of texas a&m university and melissa hines of city university in london surprised the scientific world by showing that monkeys showed the same sextypical toy preferences as humans. in the study, alexander and hines gave two masculine toys (a ball and a police car), two feminine toys (a soft doll and a cooking pot), and two neutral toys (a picture book and a stuffed dog) to 44 male and 44 female monkeys. they then assessed the monkeys preference for each toy by measuring how much time they spent with each. their data showed that male monkeys showed significantly greater interest in the masculine toys, and the female monkeys showed significantly greater interest in the feminine toys. the two sexes did not differ in their preference for the neutral toys.if children s toy preferences were largely formed by gender socialization, as traditional sociologists claim, in which their parents give “genderappropriate” toys to boys and girls, how can these male and female monkeys have the same preferences as boys and girls？they were never socialized by humans, and they had never seen these toys before in their lives.【文章大意概括】本文是科普阅读。男孩和女孩在玩玩具方面具有明显的性别差异。这种差异是后天习得的，还是与生俱来的呢？科学家对此进行了研究。1traditional sociologists believe boys and girls toy preferences _.a. are passed down from their parentsb. have a biological originc. have nothing to do with gender socializationd. are largely formed in later life【详解剖析】细节理解题。从文章第一段的第四句和最后一段可知，传统的社会学家认为男孩、女孩对玩具的偏好差异是后天形成的。【最佳选项】d2the study by alexander and hines shows that monkeys_.a. also play toys as humans dob. also have a sextypical toy preferencec. have no toy preferencesd. like to play different toys at different time【详解剖析】细节理解题。文章第二段的第一句说明，猴子在玩玩具时，也有性别差异。【最佳选项】b3alexander and hines carried out the study to _.a. find out why boys and girls prefer different toysb. test the intelligence of monkeysc. test whether monkeys like to play toysd. find more evidence for traditional sociology【详解剖析】推理判断题。从文章第一段最后一句和最后一段可知，用猴子做研究的目的是证明男孩和女孩在玩玩具时所表现出的偏好是与生俱来的，而不是后天习得的。【最佳选项】a4according to the study, if given a stuffed dog, _.a. only the male monkeys showed interestb. the female monkeys showed more interestc. the male and female monkeys showed the same interestd. neither the male nor the female monkeys showed any interest【详解剖析】细节理解题。从文章第二段最后一句可知，如果给一种中性的玩具，猴子表现出的兴趣没有性别差异。【最佳选项】c5masculine toys are mainly intended for_.a. monkeysb. adultc. boys d. girls【详解剖析】细节理解题。从文章第二段可知，这种玩具是跟女孩玩的玩具相对的，因此是指男孩玩具。【最佳选项】c 阅读理解-b篇years ago people could hardly accept the ideas of a womans being a doctor. in order to get into medical school in 1847, elizabeth blackwell was asked to keep it a secret that she was a woman. this was contrary to her beliefs, and she refused to do it. after entering medical school, elizabeth often had to summon all her courage to free the unkindness of teachers and classmates. by her great efforts, she was able to complete her studies. many people came to her graduation just to have a look at a woman doctor. doctor blackwell soon found that most people were not as ready as to go to a woman doctor. she had to struggle to make a living. then came the great day when she was offered a job as a doctor in a hospital. she did so well that she was asked to organize a new hospital and medical college. the united states can now be proud of thousands of women doctors.49. how do you think elizabeth was treated in the medical school? a. kindly. b. unfairly. c. normally. d. cruelly.50. many people came to see elizabeth when she graduated . a. bec