高考英语阅读理解抓分训练（69）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分训练（69）及答案阅读理解there were red faces at one of britains biggest banks recently. they had accepted a telephone order to buy 100,000 worth of shares from a 15-year-old schoolboy (they thought he was 21). the shares fell in value and the schoolboy was unable to pay up. the bank lost 20,000 on the deal which it cannot get back, because, for one thing, the young boy does not have the money, for another, being under 18, he is not legally liable for his debts. if the shares had risen in value by the same amount that they fell, he would have pocketed 20,000 profit. it certainly is better than delivering the morning newspaper. in another case, a boy of 14 found, in his grandmothers house, a suitcase full of foreign banknotes. but they were now not used in their country of origin or anywhere else. this young boy headed straight to the nearest bank with his pockets filled with notes. the cashiers did not realize the country in question had reduced the value of its currency by 90%. they exchanged the notes at their face value at the current exchange rate. in three days, before he was found out, he took 200,000 from nine different banks. amazingly, he had already spent more than half of this before the police caught up with him. because he is also under 18 the banks have kissed goodbye to a lot of money, and several cashiers have lost their jobs.should we admire these youngsters for being enterprising and showing initiative or condemn them for their dishonesty? maybe they had managed for years with tiny amounts of pocket money that they got from tight-fisted parents. maybe they had done saturday jobs for peanuts. it is hardly surprising, given the expensive things that young people want to buy, such as fashionable running shoes and computer games, if they sometimes think up more imaginative ways of making money than delivering newspapers. these youngsters saw the chance to make a lot of money and took it. another recent story which should give us food for thought is the case of the man who paid his six-year-old daughter300 a week pocket money. he then charged her for the food she ate a few coins for her piggy bank（存钱灌）“she will soon learn the value of money, ” he said. “theres no such thing as a free lunch. everything has to be paid for and the sooner she learns that the better.” at the other extreme there are fond parents who provide free bed and board for their grown-up children, while even the most hard-hearted parents might hesitate to throw their children out on the streets, we all know of people in their twenties who still shamelessly live off their parents. surely there comes a time when everyone has to leave the parental nest, look after themselves and pay their own way in life. but when is it?10. recently one of britains biggest banks _. a. bought a lot of shares for a customer and brought him a great loss b. lost money as its young customer had no money to pay his debts c. lost much money because the shares they bought fell in value d. received a telephone order to buy shares for a 21-year-old boy11. the young customer _. a. would have paid his debts, had he had the money to do so b. would be sent to prison if he didnt pay his debts c. would have made 20,000, had the shares risen in value by the same amount they fell d. would have continued to cheat banks, if he had not been found out12. the authors attitude to the example of the two boys who cheated the banks is _. a. objective b. subjective c. questioning d. negative13. the man paid his daughter 300 a week pocket money and then required her to pay for her living expenses because _. a. he wanted her to know making money was not easy b. he wanted to save money for her future education c. he thought it useful for family members to bear life hardships together d. he wanted her to learn the value of money 14. it can be concluded from the passage that the author believes that _. a. children should leave the parental nest as soon as possible b. grown-up children should live on their own c. children should be taught not to cheat others d. parents should give more pocket money to their children10. b. 首段第3-4行11. c. 首段第6行12. a. 第二段后半部分it is hardly surprising13. d. 末段“she will soon learn the value of money, ”14. b. 文章结尾处概括(2012稳派教育新课改质检)an airbus a321 completed the one hour 10 minute flight from hamburg to frankfurt using a 5050 mix of conventional and alternative fuel.the trial, which will last six months, will take on 1,200 flights. should the programme be successful, the use of biofuelin this case biosynthetic kerosene(煤油) will be extended to other routes. according to lufthansa the programme will reduce carbon emissions by 1,500 tons.environmental lobby groups have been skeptical of the programme, arguing that aviations use of biofuels is less environmentally friendly than the aviation industry says.but christoph franz, lufthansas chief executive insisted the airlines trial didnt have to use material which could otherwise be used for food production.“lufthansa is the first airline worldwide to use biofuel in scheduled daily flight operations. we are thus continuing to steadily implement our proven and successful strategy for sustainability，” he added.the international air transport association, which represents the worlds major airlines has said that biofuel will account for 10 per cent of the total used by the industry by 2017.it has also pledged(保证) to cut the industrys carbon footprint by improving energy efficiency and improved air traffic control which will cut the time aircraft spend in the air.meanwhile british airways has entered a partnership with an american company, solena, to turn household waste into jet fuel.but the latest initiative(倡议)by lufthansa has failed to satisfy robbie blake, biofuels campaigner for friends of the earth europe.“lufthansa is painting itself green with biofuelsbut these flights are anything but environmentally friendly，” he said.“biofuels exacerbate poverty and hunger, drive land grabbing and deforestation, push up food prices, and make climate change worse. “shorthaul flights from hamburg to frankfurt, biofuelled or not, can never be green. lufthansas passengers, and the climate, would be better off catching the train.”文章大意：本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了德国的汉莎航空公司使用生物燃料进行了客机的飞行试验，并将继续试验六个月。试验的目的就是要减少飞机碳的排放量。但是对于这个项目，有分歧和争议。63the name “lufthansa” mentioned in the passage might be_.a. the first plane using biofuel b. the chief executive of an airline c. the first airline to use biofuel in passenger flights d. the first pilot flying a plane using biofuel答案：c推理判断题。根据第六段第一句中的“lufthansa is the first airline worldwide to use biofuel in scheduled daily flight operations.”可知，c是正确的。64what is the purpose of aviations use of biofuels? a. to decrease the cost of the airlines. b. to reduce carbon footprint.c. to improve the flying speed of the plane. d. to save petrol and money答案：b细节理解题。根据第三段的“according to lufthansa the programme will reduce carbon emissions by 1,500 tons.”可知，b是正确的。65the underlined word “exacerbate” in the passage probably means_. a. make something bad worse b. get something better c. weigh something d. change or cancel 答案：a词义猜测题。根据下文的“.，drive land grabbing and deforestation, push up food prices, and make climate change worse.”可知，推动土地的征用及森林的滥伐，抬高了食物的价格，并且使气候恶化。故可推知，“exacerbate”的意思为“加重，恶化”。故a项更适合。66in which part of a website may the passage appear?a. entertainment. b. advertisement. c. travel. d. education.答案：c推理判断题。根据第一段的“an airbus a321 completed the one hour 10 minute flight from hamburg to frankfurt.”以及最后一段可知，这篇文章是有关乘客航班的，故很可能出现在“travel”这个网站上。d(2012四川眉山一诊)reading minds isnt quite simple, but it may not be impossible, either.what if a brain scan could reveal your memories?a team of british scientists recently did just thatthey used brain scans to look at spatial(空间的) memory in four people.spatial memory is the kind of memory you use to remember where you are.you use spatial memory to remember how to get from your house to school.people build spatial memory as they explore a new city or a new building and take in information about their surroundings.the scientists asked each participant to sit down at a computer and wander through rooms.these virtual rooms contained images of objects, like clocks and doors, so that the people could know where they were.each person was encouraged to explore the virtual space.as the people became familiar with these rooms, their brain cells were taking notes of where things were, and how to get from one point to another.after perusing(详细考察) these rooms, the participants were instructed to go to a specific location within the rooms.at this point, the scientists took pictures of the subjects brains using an instrument called fmri (磁共振成像)as participants stared at the floor, the scientists took fmri scans to measure brain activity.they repeated this process multiple times.after a few repetitions, the scientists could identify patterns in the subjects brains.by looking at patterns on the brain scans, the scientists were able to read the spatial memory of the test subjects. this experiment shows that it is possible to use fmris to gather some kinds of memories from people, but your secret thoughts and personal memories are safefor now.“it is not the case that we can put someone in a brain scanner and simply read their private thoughts，” says one of the scientists who worked on the project.文章大意：怎么知道别人大脑里所存储的东西呢？科学家正在试验利用fmris这种相机来了解人们大脑里所记忆的东西。67which of the following about spatial memory is true?a.it can make you remember things that you once did.b.it can help you explore a new city or other places.c.it only takes in information about your new places.d.it lets you remember the places where you are.答案：d细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句可知空间记忆能使一个人记住自己所处的位置，因此d项正确。68from the passage we can infer the fmris_.a.takes notes of what participants see in the roomb.takes pictures of participants brains secretlyc.is very small but rather expensived.lets scientists know participants brain activity答案：d推理判断题。第五段第一、二和三句可知，科学家就是利用fmris所拍的照片知道被研究者的大脑活动的，因此d是正确答案。69why are our secret mind and private memories safe?a.because scientists cant read peoples thoughts directly.b.because scientists cant understand all pictures taken by fmris.c.because fmris cant gather any memories from people.d.because fmris cant be completely reliable now.答案：a推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的最后一句话可知，不能轻易地看到别人脑子里的隐私。因此a项正确。70the passage mainly tells us_.a.how scientists can read peoples memoriesb.a new kind of camerafmrisc.a very important researchd.spatial memory and fmris答案：a主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科学家正在试验利用fmris这种相机来了解人们大脑里所记忆的东西，因此a是正确答案。e(2012吉林市一模)not all memories are sweet. some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. often they relive experiences in nightmares.now american researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. the pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. they hope it might reduce, or possibly wipe out, the effect of painful memories.in november, experts tested a drug on people in the us and france. the drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. so far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are wiped out. they are not sure to what degree peoples memories are affected.the research has caused a great deal of argument. some think it is a bad idea, while others support it.supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers troubling memories after war.they say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories.“some memories can ruin peoples lives. they come back to you when you dont want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. they usually come with very painful emotions，” said roger pitman, a professor of psychiatry (精神病学) at harvard medical school. “this could relieve a lot of that suffering.”but those who are against the research say that maybe the pills can change peoples memories and changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity. they also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past.“all of us can think of bad events in our lives that were terrible at the time but make us who we are. im not sure we want to wipe those memories out，” said rebecca dresser, a medical ethicist.文章大意：美国研究者即将研究出能使人忘掉痛苦回忆的新药。对此，有人赞成，有人反对。71the passage is mainly about_.a. a new medical inventionb. a new research on the pillc. a way of wiping out painful memoriesd. an argument about the research on the pill答案：d主旨大意题。由文章大意可知，文章讲的是“对新药研究的争论”。72the drug tested on people can_.a. cause the brain to fix memoriesb. stop people remembering bad experiencesc. prevent body producing certain chemicalsd. wipe out the emotional effects of memories答案：c细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话可知。73we can infer from the passage that_.aexperts are not sure about the effects of the pillsbthe pill will certainly stop peoples emotional memoriesctaking the pill will do harm to peoples physical healthdthe pill has already been produced and used by the public america答案：a推理判断题。根据第五段和第八段可知。74which of the following does rebecca dresser agree with in the last paragraph?asome memories can ruin peoples lives.bpeople want to get rid of bad memories.cexperiencing bad events makes us different from others.dthe pill will reduce peoples sufferings from bad memories.答案：c细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知。75you may probably read the passage in_.a. a guidebook b. a medical magazine c. a textbook d. a science fiction答案：b推理判断题。根据全文主要内容可知。1.（2011山东卷）dsince the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. brain-computer interface(bci) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.recently, two researchers, jose milan and michele tavella from the federal polytechnic school in lausanne, switzerland, demonstrated（展示）a small robotic wheelchair directed by a persons thoughts.in the laboratory, tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right band. he could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.“our brain has billions of nerve ceils. these send signals through the spinal cord （脊髓）to the muscles to give us the ability to move. but spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles,” tavella says. “our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.” the researchers designed a special cap for the user. this head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer. the computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. the wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. they help the computer react to commands from the brain. prof. milan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands. “the practical possibilities that bci technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication, and controlling devices. one example is this wheelchair.”he says his team has set two goals. one is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from. and the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.a. help to update computer systems b. link the human brain with computersc. help the disabled to recover d. control a persons thoughts 72. how did tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory? a. by controlling his muscles. b. by talking to the machine. c. by moving his hand. d. by using his mind.73. which of the following shows the path of the signals described in paragraph 5? a. scalpcomputercapwheelchair b. computercapscalpwheelchair c. scalpcapcomputerwheelchair d. capcomputerscalpwheelchair74. the team will test with real patients to a. make profits from them b. prove the technology useful to them c. make them live longer d. learn about their physical condition75. which of the following would be the best title for the text? a. switzerland, the bci research center b. new findings about how the human brain works c. bci could mean more freedom for the disabledd. robotic vehicles could help to cure brain injuries【解析】：71-75:bdcbc【语篇解读】本文是一则新闻报道，介绍了brain-computer interface(bci)技术的发明，原理和对残疾人带来的益处。71. b。细节理解题。从第一段第一句话可知。72.d细节理解题。见第二段“tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right band.”。73.c.细节理解题。见第五段描述。74.b细节推断题。见最后一段“to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from.”，证明他们可以从中获得的好处。75.c.主旨大意题。本文是新闻文体，因此要关注首段的中心，由首段的第二句话“brain-computer interface(bci) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.”推断选c。he came into the room to shut the windows while we were still in bed and i saw he looked ill. he was shivering, his face was white, and he walked slowly as though it ached to move.whats the matter, schatz?ive got a headache.you better g