高考英语阅读理解抓分练习（31）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分练习（31）及答案阅读理解“luck is a matter of preparation meeting opportunity，” said the american talk show host oprah winfrey. i ve never watched her show, but when a self-made billionaire gives life advice it s probably worth listening to.her point is that blind luck is very rare. you may have to be lucky to find a good job these days but that does not mean you should sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you. if you re a chinese，you may already be familiar with the tale of a farmer waiting by a tree stump (树桩) for a rabbit to run out and break its neck.a book by the uk psychologist richard wiseman, called the luck factor, argues we can all make ourselves luckier. it s not about going to a temple to burn some incense (香) in hopes that the gods will give you good fortune; it s practical advice you can follow each day.wiseman conducted an experiment as part of his studies. first he divided volunteers into two groups：those who said they were lucky in life and those who said they were not. he gave everyone a newspaper and asked them to look through it to count how many photographs it had inside. on average, the unlucky people took about two minutes to count the photographs while the lucky people took just seconds. why? on the second page of the newspaper, a command, “stop counting. there are 43 photographs in this newspaper，” was written in big letters. the unlucky people mostly did not spot the message.its easy to compare this situation to a young person looking for jobs in a local paper. they might search so hard for one type of position that they miss an even better opportunity. people who are “lucky”， in fact, keep an open mind and dont go through the same routine every day.i first came to china in 2002 when it was considered a rather strange thing to do. like many foreigners，my plan was to teach english for one year. seven years later, and still here, i ve had many great opportunities such as writing for newspapers and magazines. i did not dream these would have been possible. i ve also never been sick, had an accident, got into a fight or had problems with the police. coincidence? after reading about professor wiseman s studies i think not.as wiseman advises, i usually trust my own judgment. your friends and parents may give you advice based on rational thinking, but its important to consider how you feel about each choice you make. your feeling acts as a warning for a potential problem.finally, try to turn bad luck into good. even if you do fall down and break a leg, the time spent at home can be used wisely to study english.【文章大意概括】本文为议论文。作者认为命运只垂青那些有所准备的人。身处逆境，不要怨天尤人，要想方设法化厄运为好运。每个人都可以做自己命运的主人。1which of the following proverbs most agrees with the writer s point?a. make the best of a bad job.b. rome was not built in a day.c. all is not gold that glitters.d. a good heart conquers ill fortune.【详解剖析】推理判断题。make the best of a bad job意为“身处山穷水尽，力争柳暗花明”，与最后一段作者的观点“try to turn bad luck into good(把厄运变好运)”最为接近。故答案为a。rome was not built in a day意为“伟业非一日可成”；all is not gold that glitters意为“闪光的东西并不都是金子”；a good heart conquers ill fortune意为“善心克厄运”。【最佳选项】a2what do you know about oprah winfrey?a. she became famous through her family background.b. she was very lucky and seldom suffered setbacks in her life.c. she is a british talk show host.d. she became successful by her own effort.【详解剖析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的a self-made billionaire可知美国talk show主持人oprah winfrey是从白手起家，通过自我奋斗而成名的。【最佳选项】d3the writer quoted the chinese tale of a farmer in order to show_.a. luck is in your own handb. bad luck can turn into goodc. you should not sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to youd. man can conquer nature【详解剖析】推理判断题。根据第二段内容可以判断，作者引用中国“守株待兔”的故事是为了说明“人们不应该待在家里等待机会的降临”的观点。【最佳选项】c4from the experiment wiseman drew the conclusion that_.a. lucky people are quick-mindedb. unlucky people are slow to readc. lucky people often have an open mindd. unlucky people are more creative【详解剖析】细节理解题。根据第四、五段内容，尤其是第五段最后一句可知，wiseman通过试验得出结论：“幸运的人”具有开放的心态，做事不墨守成规。【最佳选项】c5the underlined word “spot” is the closest in meaning to“_”a. recognize b. markc. locate d. receive【详解剖析】词义猜测题。根据上文语境及the unlucky people mostly did not spot the message可知spot在句中用作及物动词，是“发现，识别”之意。【最佳选项】a长难句解读you may have to be lucky to find a good job these days but that does not mean you should sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you.but前后为两个并列分句。在第一个分句中不定式短语to find a good job用作结果状语。第二个分句含有一个宾语从句，现在分词短语waiting for the opportunity to come to you作伴随状语。 第三部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(a、b、c、d)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。a(2012合肥质检一)nowadays a growing number of grassroots entertainers are stepping into the public eye.although a sudden success provides quick fame, experts say not all the rising stars will have a promising future.the grassroots band xu ri yang gang, meaning the rising sun in chinese, suddenly became popular after uploading a video of them singing “in the spring”actually, they have never stopped struggling to realize their dreams.after that they were frequently invited to big media events in china, like the cctv spring festival gala.however, just as many thought they were about to go further, the original singer of the song “in the spring” stepped in to prevent the band from performing his songs.different from xu ri yang gang, chinas rising star liu wei is considered to have more professional skills, enabling him to enjoy a longlasting.the armless pianist who plays the music of the song “hope” with his toes has won the champion of the television talent show chinas got talent.now, he is signed with fremantle media and sony music, and is kept busy every day. he believes it is his determination that makes him a_hit.another fairy story is the case of the rising star susan boyle.she came to international public attention after appearing as a candidate on britains got talent in 2009, singing “i dreamed a dream” from les miserables.her first album became the biggest selling album in the world in 2009, selling 9 million copies.as for chinese grassroots stars, experts say besides big dreams, they need more original compositions to achieve big results.文章大意：最近，很多草根明星闯入了大众的视野。然而，作者认为他们还有很长的路要走。56what would be the best title for the text?a.rising grassroots stars b.comparison of grassroots starsc.ways of grassroots getting famous ddifferences between grassroots stars lives57from the text we know that xu ri yang gang got popular through _.a.cctv b.newspapers c.contests dthe internet58the underlined words “a hit” in paragraph 5 most probably means_.a.a strike b.a success c.an achievement d.an influence59it can be inferred from the text that_.a.grassroots stars cant have a promising future at allb.most of grassroots stars have got professional skillsc.grassroots stars need to focus more on their original worksd.talent show is the only way for grassroots stars to become popular56答案：a主旨大意题。由文章大意可知，本文讲述的是对草根明星的成功的认识，所以a项正确。57答案：d细节理解题。由第二段第一句话“.after uploading a video of them singing in the spring”可知，旭日阳刚组合是把他们的春天里传到网上而出名的。58答案：b猜测词义题。刘伟和fremantle media and sony music签约了，每天都很忙，所以他认为他的决心使他如此成功。59答案：c推理判断题。由最后一段“as for chinese grassroots stars, experts say besides big dreams, they need more original compositions to achieve big results.”可知，草根明星们需要把精力放在原创作品上。*阅读理解pop stars today enjoy what once only belonged to the royalty (皇室). wherever they go, people turn out in their thousands to greet them. the crowds go wild trying to catch a brief glimpse of their smiling, colorfully dressed idols. the stars are transported in their chauffeur driven rollsroyces, private helicopters or executive aeroplanes. they are surrounded by a permanent entourage(随从) of managers, press agents and bodyguards. photographs of them appear regularly in the press and all their comings and goings are reported，for, like royalty, pop stars are news. if they enjoy many of the privileges of royalty, they certainly share many of the inconveniences as well. it is dangerous for them to make unscheduled appearances in public.they must be constantly shielded from the adoring crowds who idolize them. they are no longer private individuals, but public property. the financial rewards they receive for this sacrifice cannot be calculated, for their rates of pay are great.and why not? society has always rewarded its top entertainers lavishly. the great days of hollywood have become legendary: famous stars enjoyed fame, wealth and adulation (奉承) on an alltime scale. by today s standards, the excesses of hollywood do not seem quite so spectacular. a single gramophone record nowadays may earn much more in royalties than the films of the past ever did. the competition for the title “top of the pops” is fierce, but the rewards are truly huge.it is only right that the stars should be paid in this way. dont the top men in industry earn enormous salaries for the service they perform to their companies and their countries? pop stars earn vast sums in foreign currency often more than large industrial companies and the taxman can only be grateful for their massive annual contributions to the exchequer(国库). so who would begrudge them their rewards?it s all very well for people in boring jobs to complain about the successes and rewards of others. people who make envious remarks should remember that the most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg. for every famous star, there are hundreds of others struggling to earn a living. a man working in a steady job and looking forward to a pension at the end of it has no right to expect very high rewards. he has chosen security and peace of mind, so there will always be a limit to what he can earn. but a man who attempts to become a star is taking enormous risks. he knows at the outset that only a handful of competitors ever get to the very top. he knows that years of concentrated effort may be rewarded with complete failure.but he knows, too, that the rewards for success are very high indeed: they are the payback for the huge risks involved and once he makes it, he will certainly earn them. that s the essence of private enterprise.【文章大意概括】明星的生活总是令人羡慕不已。他们的生活中有光鲜的一面：不菲的收入，以豪华汽车和私人飞机代步，一言一行都成为人们关注的焦点然而，我们也应看到，他们活得很累，他们为成功所付出的艰辛和代价是一般人难以想象的。1the author develops the passage mainly by _.a. comparing different ideasb. giving explanationsc. inferringd. listing typical examples【详解剖析】篇章结构题。本文主要通过解释向读者阐明道理。【最佳选项】b2the underlined word “begrudge” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to _.a. be jealous of b. be satisfied withc. be anxious about d. be crazy about【详解剖析】词义猜测题。结合上下文的语境判断本句意为：谁会对他们所得到的感到妒忌、不满呢？接下来作者讲了一般人从事枯燥但稳定的工作，所以这里意思是：从事稳定工作的人会妒忌这些明星。【最佳选项】a3according to the passage, which of the following can match the view of the author?a. he who laughs last laughs best.b. if you venture nothing, you will gain nothing.c. he who makes no mistakes makes nothing.d. success belongs to the persevering.【详解剖析】推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，想成为明星就要冒更大的风险，然而一旦成功，回报也是丰厚的，那些选择了稳定工作的人是没有权利期待高额回报的。“if you venture nothing，you will gain nothing.”意为：不入虎穴，焉得虎子，即要成功就要冒险。【最佳选项】b4the author holds a(n) _attitude towards the high income of pop stars.a. critical b. approvalc. optimistic d. indifferent【详解剖析】推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者认为明星们理应得到高收入，因为他们为此付出了高昂的代价。【最佳选项】b5which of the following is true according to the passage?a. people are blind in idolizing stars.b. there is fierce competition in becoming pop stars.c. the government taxes pop stars very little.d. pop stars life is more luxurious than that of royalty.【详解剖析】细节判断题。根据文章最后一段的“he knows at the outset that only a handful of competitors ever get to the very top.”以及第二段的最后一句可知答案。【最佳选项】b(2012顺义区高三尖子生综合素质展示)the brown widow spider became established in southern california in early 2000 and has become part of the local spider family in urban los angeles and san diego. the brown widow spider is continuing its expansion in southern california and could possibly move northward into central california.the brown widow is suspected to have evolved in africa although it was first described from south america, which adds confusion as to where it might have originated. it is a tropical and subtropical spider having established populations in hawaii, florida, parts of australia, south africa and japan. in north america, the brown widow was restricted for many decades to the florida peninsula. however, around the year 2000, it started showing up in other gulf coast states. brown widows are now known from texas to georgia and south carolina.the brown widow builds its web in protected sites around homes and in woody vegetation with branches. some typical sites selected by brown widows for web building are empty containers such as buckets and nursery pots, mail boxes, entry way corners, under eaves, storage closets and garages, undercarriages of motor vehicles that are stationary for long periods, and the undersides of outdoor furniture. they choose places that are more exposed than sites chosen by black widows and therefore, appear to be at higher risk for interactions with humans as far as bites are concerned.one recent study demonstrates that the brown widow spider is less poisonous than other widow species. the reason for the weaker effect of brown widow bites on humans is possibly because the brown widow does not have much poison as its larger relatives, but it is really a threat to humans as to its poison. the two major symptoms of a brown widow bite were that the bite hurt when it was given and it left a red mark. these two symptoms are not much different from the bite of normal household spiders.there is no specific information regarding the control of brown widows by farm chemicals. most current advice is what is used for controlling spiders in general. therefore, most commercially available farm chemicals should work on brown widows. avoiding a mess of the house and the garage should reduce nest sites for them. also, one should store garage items in plastic bags where there mi