高考英语阅读理解精品抓分训练（43）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分训练精品（43）及答案【考点定位】 2013考纲解读和近几年考点分布时事新闻类阅读材料在近年高考中屡屡涉及。这类材料往往语言地道，内容时新。 一、材料特点 阅读材料的组成有一个共同的特点，即都是由标题(headline)、导语(introduction)、背景(background)、主体(main body)和结尾(end)五部分构成。此类文章主题突出，文章的第一句话或第一自然段往往就是对整篇文章的高度概括，因此读懂首句或首段至关重要。下面分别叙述这五个部分在阅读理解中的作用。 探求结果到结尾。结尾往往是新闻事件的结果或动态展望，也是中心思想的概括并常常与新闻导语相呼应，命题者也乐于在此设题。“i dont want to write a story about girls! i dont know anything about girls,” louisa may alcott told her publisher, mr. niles. but she was desperate for money. she seemed to be the only one in her family who could make any money. niles had asked her to write about something she knew, instead of the romantic adventure stories she had been writing. “so i plod away,” alcott wrote, “though i dont enjoy this sort of thing.” it was 1867, and the horrible civil war was over. now alcott could turn her energy to making money.alcott wrote a simple story of life in her family, their pillow fights on saturday nights and the amateur (业余的) plays they performed. “our experiences may prove interesting, though i doubt it.” (“good joke,” she wrote years later.) her book described her days growing up with four sisters in a family that had no money. she sketched (勾画) a loving mother who took time to be interested in each child, and she told of the death of a beloved sister. she portrayed her family and friends in her book little women. finally, in july of 1868, she finished writing. with a sigh and a headache, she sent off all 102 handwritten pages of her book. niles thought the book was dull, and so did alcott. but when she received her copies of the book, alcott thought it seemed better than expected. “not a bit sensational,” she wrote, “but simple and true. we really lived most of it.” niles asked some girls to read little women, and they loved it.in three months, all the copies of little women had sold. it was already time to print more books! niles thought he could sell three or four hundred more copies. “an honest publisher and a lucky author made a dull book into a golden egg for an ugly duckling,” alcott wrote in 1885. later, with a great sigh of relief, she was able to write, “paid off all the debts! now i feel that i could die in peace. if my head holds out, ill do all i once hoped to do.”56. which of the following would be used to describe alcotts book?a. funny b. boring c. magic d. skillful57. in which order did the following happen?a. alcott began writing little women b. niles asked alcott to write about girlsc. alcott wrote romantic adventure stories d. alcott performed plays with her sisterse. niles was not pleased with alcotts work.a. a, b, e, d, c b. d, c, a, b, e c. c, b, e, d, a d. d, c, e, b, a58. when she handed her first writing in, niles was _.a. sure of her success b. happy about her workc. unsatisfied with the work d. unpleased with the publisher59. we learn from the story that, after little women sold out, _.a. alcott wrote another book b. some girls started to read the bookc. alcott paid off all her bills d. niles published hundreds of books girls liked【参考答案】56 adcc c52013广东卷 cone day, when i was working as a psychologist in england，an adolescent boy showed up in my office. it was david. he kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. his head teacher had referred him to me. “this boy has lost his family，” he wrote. “he is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, and im very worried about him. can you help？” i looked at david and showed him to a chair. how could i help him? there are problems psychology doesnt have the answer to, and which no words can describe. sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically. the first two times we met, david didnt say a word. he sat there, only looking up to look at the childrens drawings on the wall behind me. i suggested we play a game of chess. he nodded. after that he played chess with me every wednesday afternoonin complete silence and without looking at me. its not easy to cheat in chess, but i admit i made sure david won once or twice. usually, he arrived earlier than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before i even got a chance to sit down. it seemed as if he enjoyed my company. but why did he never look at me? “perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with，” i thought. “perhaps he senses that i respect his suffering.”some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly. “its your turn，” he said. after that day, david started talking. he got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. he wrote to me a few times, about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. now he had really started to live his own life. maybe i gave david something. but i also learned that onewithout any wordscan reach out to another person. all it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens.36when he first met the author, david _ a. felt a little excitedb. walked energeticallyc. looked a little nervousd. showed up with his teacher37as a psychologist, the author _a. was ready to listen to davidb. was skeptical about psychologyc. was able to describe davids problemd. was sure of handling davids problem38david enjoyed being with the author because he_awanted to ask the author for advicebneeded to share sorrow with the author cliked the childrens drawings in the officedbeat the author many times in the chess game39what can be inferred about david?ahe recovered after months of treatment.bhe liked biking before he lost his family.che went into university soon after starting to talk.dhe got friends in school before he met the author. 40what made david change?ahis teachers help.bthe authors friendship.chis exchange of letters with the author.dthe authors silent communication with him.【要点综述】 对于一个自闭的孩子，心理医生最好的疗法或许就是默默地和他一块感受他的痛苦36c 细节理解题。由第一段的“and his hands shaking slightly.”可以看出，第一次见面时david有点紧张。37a细节理解题。由第二段的“sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically.”可以看出，他已准备好了聆听。38b细节理解题。在第五段中，作者对小男孩愿意来找他的原因进行了猜测：“perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with，” i thought.“perhaps he senses that i respect his suffering.”由此可知答案。39a推理判断题。经过作者的治疗，david已经恢复了正常：started talking, got friends in school and joined a bicycle club，同时给作者写信描述了自己目前的生活以及对将来生活的打算。由此可知答案。40d细节理解题。由文章可知，是作者的正确治疗方法，才使david恢复得那么好。他的方法就是：is to listen openly and sympathetically，具体的做法就是默默地和他下棋。阅读理解-aa mouse looked through a crack（裂缝）in the wall to see the farmer and his wife opening a package. what food might this contain? it was a mouse trap(夹子)! so he backed into the farmyard, warning “there is a mouse trap in the house.”the chicken clucked and scratched, saying “this is a serious concern to you, but sits none of my business. i cant be bothered by it.” im so sorry, mr mouse sympa ahized the pig. “but i can do nothing but pray for you.” the mouse turned to the cow, who relpled,” mr mouse, a mouse trap? am i in danger, duh? “so the mouse returned to the house, head down and depressed to face the farmers mouse trap alone,”that very night a sound was heard hroughout the house, like the sound of a mouse trap catching something. the farmers wife rushed to see what was caught. in the darkness, she didnt see that it was a poisonous soake whose tail the trap had caught. the snake bit the farmers wife. so the farmer rushed her to hospital.she returned home with a fever, now everyone knows you treat a fever with fresh chicken soup, so the farmer took his knife to the farmyard for the soups main ingrdient（成分）.his wifes sickness continued so that friends and neighboras came to sit with her around the clock. to feed them, the farmer butchered the pig. the farmers wife didnt get well; in fact, she died, and so many people came for her funeral the farmer had the cow killed to provide meat for all of them to eat.so next time you hear that someone is facing a problem and think it does not concern you, you are wrong. 56how did the mouse feel about the mouse trap? aastonished.beager.cscared.dsad.57from what the chicken, the pig and the cow said, we can know that .anone of them was willing to help the mouseball of them were to busy to care for the trapcthey all thought “thats not my problem.”dthey were not afraid of being caught58what lesson does the story teach us?aif any of us is threatened, were all at risk.bnever trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.ca bird in hand is worth than two in the bush.da friend is never known till a man h as need广告类阅读题的五大特点 1. 材料特点：大家知道，刊登广告是要钱的，为了节省费用，人们在拟写广告时往往都希望用最少的篇幅表现最大量的信息，这就决定了广告类材料通常具有以下特点：信息量大，用词简练，形式灵活。 2. 内容特点：综观近几年的高考英语阅读理解题，其中广告类阅读题内容主要涉及的是与人们生活息息相关的信息，如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。 3. 形式特点：做广告的主要目的就是要让受众了解并记住广告内容，并为广告上所刊登的内容(产品或服务等)买单。为了达到这一目的，人们在设计广告时往往会做到：标题醒目，重点突出，条理清楚。 4. 用词特点：广告类阅读材料的用词有以下“三多”特点：一是人名、地名、专有名词多；二是生词多；三是缩略词、省略句多。 5. 命题特点：广告类阅读是近几年高考英语阅读理解最常考的题材，在阅读理解的选材中占有很大的比重命题者的目的是要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，所以命题的题型多是以获取信息为主的细节理解题。 【考点pk】 名师考点透析考点一、细节事实理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。1.直接事实题 在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 如：a giant dam was built many years ago to control the colorado river in the u.s.this dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.this huge dam is in the black canyon.it is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.this dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.the elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.there is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from new york to san francisco.thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.this huge dam was called boulder dam when it was finished in 1936.later it was renamed hoover dam in honor of a president of the united states.hoover dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of arizona and nevada. q：hoover dam lies_ .a.between arizona and nevadab.in the black canyonc.between new york and san franciscod.both a and b【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是d项。2.间接事实题 解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。“its really a hard job for me.i wont enter for such competition any more.anyhow，i am quite lucky.i am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since i won the title.this time，in shanghai，id love to make a deep impression on my tv audience，”said luo lin with a sweet smile.q：which of the following is not true?a.luo lin is a native of shanghai.b.luo lin moved to hongkong with her parents.c.luo lin won the title of miss asia in 1991.d.asia tv station helped luo lin to become miss asia.【解析】a、c和d项都可在原文找到答案，而b项原文所给的是：taken to hongkong可判断不是moved to hongkong with her parents，因此选b。 3、数据推算。if you register both the view qualification course and the forum at the same time,you will save_ .a.$100 b.$300 c.$350 d.$400 这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时：1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。考点二、主题理解或写作意图推断。一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容1.短文的标题（title,headline）；2.短文或段落的主题（subject）；3.中心思想(main idea)； 4.作者的写作目的(purpose)。 二、此类题的设问方式1.what would be the best title for the text?2.what does the second paragraph mainly discuss?3.what is the passage mainly about?4.the main purpose of announcing the above events is_.考点三、推理推断。推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：1.we can infer from the passage that_.2.what can be inferred from the passage?3.which of the following can be inferred from the passage?4.it can be inferred from paragraph 3 that_.5.the author suggests in this paragraph that_.6.the writer implies that_.7.it can be inferred that_. 8.it can be concluded from the passage that_.9.on the whole,we can conclude that_.10.from the text we can conclude that_.11.after reading the passage we may conclude that_.12.what conclusion can be drawn from the passage?13.the author is inclined to think that_.14.when the writer talks about,what he really means is that_.15.whats the writers attitude/feeling towards.?16.in the writers opinion,.近年来，高考加大了对学生判断推理能力的考查。判断推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。做题时要注意题干的语言形，如according to the passage.,it can be inferred from the passage that.；it can be concluded from the passage that.等，虽然从表面上看是问有关全文的题，但实际上不用看全篇，仍然只需要根据选项中的线索找到原文中与之相关的一句话或几句话，然后得出答案。针对推理题的不同形，可以采取以下做法：1.假如题干中有具体线索，根据具体线索找到原文相关句(一句或几句话)，然后做出推理；2.假如题干中无线索，如it can be inferred from the passage that.；it can be concluded from the passage t