高考英语阅读理解精品抓分训练（44）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分训练精品（44）及答案c52013广东卷 dwhile jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor(监控器)a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.using a web camera equipped in jennifers los angeles apartment, the monitor in phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. her internet access was lockedremotelyto prevent internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was: did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? or was she slowing down?in the battle against cheating, this is the cutting_edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education. the technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are validthat students havent just searched the internet to get the right answers. although online classes have existed for more than a decade，the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of “open online courses.” private colleges，public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students，while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.aside from the web cameras, a number of other hightech methods are becoming increasingly popular. among them are programs that check students identities using personal information，such as the telephone numbers they once used. other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones. as in many university classes，term papers are scanned against some large internet data banks for cheating.41why was jennifer watched in an online exam?ato correct her typing mistakes.bto find her secrets in the room.cto prevent her from slowing down.dto keep her from dishonest behaviors.42the underlined expression cutting edge in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _aadvanced techniquebsharpening tool ceffective ruleddividing line 43for internet universities, exams and diplomas will be valid if _athey can attract potential studentsbthey can defeat academic cheatingcthey offer students online helpdthey offer many online courses44some programs can find out possible cheaters by _achecking the question answering speed bproducing a large number of questions cscanning the internet test questions dgiving difficult test questions45which of the following is the best title of this passage?athe advantages of online examsbthe hightech methods in online coursescthe fight against cheating in online educationdthe war against the booming of online education【要点综述】 开放网络教学为人们的知识升级打开了便捷之门，如何保证其教育和学习的质量，防止考试时作弊，现在科技手段在发挥着重要的作用41d推理判断题。第二段告诉我们监控的目的：“her internet access was lockedremotelyto prevent internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was: did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past？”这些措施都是为了监督其考试中不发生不诚实的行为。该题也可结合常识确定答案。42a 词义理解题。从上文的描述及下文的“a key”，“the technology”可以看出，这是一个先进的技术，是确保网络考试真实的关键。43b 细节理解题。关键信息：valid。由第三段的“internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid that students havent just searched the internet to get the right answers.”可知答案。破折号后的内容指的就是选项中所说的：defeat academic cheating。44a 细节理解题。由最后一段的“by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones.”可以看出一些软件是通过设置部分难题，通过对答题速度的检测来判断考试者是否在作弊。45c主旨大意题。文章论述的是为了提高开放网络教学的可信度所使用的高科技监考手段，由此可知c项最能概括全文。you either have it, or you donta sense of direction. but why is it that some people could find their way across the sahara without a map, while others can lose themselves in the next street? scientists say were all born with a sense of direction, but it is not properly understood how it works. one theory is that people with a good sense of direction have simply worked harder at developing it. research being carried out at liverpool university supports this idea and suggests that if we dont use it, we lose it.“children as young as seven have the ability to find their way around,” says jim martland, research director of the project. “however, if they are not allowed out alone or are taken everywhere by car, they never develop the skills.”jim martland also emphasizes that young people should be taught certain skills to improve their sense of direction. he makes the following suggestions:l if you are using a map, turn it so that it relates to the way you are facing.l if you leave your bike in a strange place, put it near something like a big stone or a treesomething easy to recognize. note landmarks on the route as you go away from your bike. when you return, go back along the same route. l simplify the way for finding your direction by using lines such as streets in a town, streams, or wells in the countryside to guide you. count your steps so that you know how far you have gone and note any landmarks such as tower blocks or hills which can help to find out where you are.now you will never get lost again! 56. scientists believe that _.a. some babies are born with a sense of directionb. people learn a sense of direction as they grow olderc. people never lose their sense of direction d. everybody has a sense of direction from birth57. what is true of 7-year-old children according to the passage?a. they never have a sense of direction without maps.b. they should never be allowed out alone if they lack a sense of direction. c. they have a sense of direction and can find their way around.d. they can develop a good sense of direction if they are driven around in a car.58. if you leave your bike in a strange place, you should _. a. tie it to a tree so as to prevent it from being stolenb. draw a map of the route to help remember where it isc. avoid taking the same route when you come back to itd. remember something easily recognizable on the route59. according to the passage, the best way to find your way around is to _.a. ask policemen or other people around for directionsb. use wells, streams, and streets to guide yourselfc. remember your route by looking out for steps and stairsd. count the number of landmarks that you see阅读理解答案56-59 dcdb c52013江苏卷 dmark twain has been called the inventor of the american novel.and he surely deserves additional praise：the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.i say clever because antislavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the civil war.h.b.stowes uncle toms cabin is only the most famous example.these early stories dealt directly with slavery.with minor exceptions, twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.he drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.again and again，in the postwar years，twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race.consider the most controversial, at least today, of twains novels, adventures of huckleberry finn.only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as huckleberry finn，twains most widely read tale.once upon a time, people hated the book because it struck them as rude. twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums(贫民窟)”more recently the book has been attacked because of the character jim，the escaped slave，and many occurences of the word nigger.(the term nigger jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)but the attacks were and are sillyand miss the point.the novel is strongly antislavery.jims search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic.as jchadwick has pointed out, the character of jim was a first in american fictiona recognition that the slave had two personalities, “the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual：jim, the father and the man.”there is much more.twains mystery novel puddnhead wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day.written at a time when the accepted wisdom held negroes to be inferior(低等的)to whites，especially in intelligence，twains tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth.a slave gave birth to her masters baby and，for fear that the child should be sold south, switched him for the masters baby by his wife.the slaves lightskinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slaveholding class.the masters wifes baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.the point was difficult to miss：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status.the features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudicemanner of speech，for examplewere, to twain, indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.twains racial tone was not perfect.one is left uneasy，for example，by the lengthy passage in his autobiography(自传)about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youthmostly with white men performing in blackfaceand his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.yet there is no reason to think twain saw the shows as representing reality.his frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.was twain a racist？asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of lincoln.if we read the words and attitudes of the past through the “wisdom” of the considered moral judgments of the present，we will find nothing but error.lincoln，who believed the black man the inferior of the white, fought and won a war to free him.and twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldier，and inventor of jim，may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.65how do twains novels on slavery differ from stowes?atwain was more willing to deal with racism.btwains attack on racism was much less open.ctwains themes seemed to agree with plots.dtwain was openly concerned with racism.66recent criticism of adventures of huckleberry finn arose partly from its _atarget readers at the bottombantislavery attitudecrather impolite languagedfrequent use of “nigger”67what best proves twains antislavery stand according to the author?ajims search for his family was described in detail.bthe slaves voice was first heard in american novels.cjim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.dtwain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.68the story of two babies switched mainly indicates that _aslaves were forced to give up their babies to their mastersbslaves babies could pick up slaveholders way of speakingcblacks social position was shaped by how they were brought updblacks were born with certain features of prejudice69what does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 7 refer to?athe attacks.bslavery and prejudice.cwhite men.dthe shows.70what does the author mainly argue for?atwain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.btwain was an admirable figure comparable to abraham lincoln.ctwains works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.dtwains works should be read from a historical point of view.【要点综述】 本篇为说明文，谈到马克吐温的小说是否对奴隶制和偏见进行了反抗，以及它受到不同人士的批评情况。65b推理判断题。由第二段的“twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.”可知，马克吐温把对奴隶制和偏见的攻击融在故事中，隐晦地表达。而早期小说是直接攻击方式(dealt directly with slavery)，因此b项说他的小说对种族主义制度的攻击非常不明显是恰当的。a项文章没有提及；c项与题干无关，答非所问；d项文章没有提及。66d推理判断题。根据关键词adventures of huckleberry finn定位到第三段。由“more recently the book has been attacked because of many occurences of the word nigger.”可知答案。a项中的target readers错误，文章没有说到；b项不符合文意；c项中的impolite language范围过广，文章只是说到批评者对nigger一词的出现感到不满。67c细节理解题。由第四段的末句“the character of jim was a first in american fictiona recognition that the slave had two personalities”可知答案。a项中的in detail文章没有提及；b项中的the slaves voice与文章的the character of jim不一致；d项文章没有提及。68c推理判断题。由第六段可知，举这个例子是为了说明奴隶的社会地位是由生活环境决定的，而不是人的自然本性。69d词义猜测题。由画线词所在句的前面一句可知：没有理由认为马克吐温把这些表演当作表现现实，后句紧接着解释：马克吐温对奴隶制和偏见的不断攻击说明了他敏锐的意识，而这些是shows所没有表达出来的，可见they应该就是指代shows。70a作者意图题。末段首先提出一个疑问，然后通过论据否定了这个观点，最后总结了一下自己的观点：and twainmay have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice than any other novelist in the past century，可见作者要反驳的是末段首句所表达的疑问，只有a项符合，其他各项只是对具体例子的说明。时事新闻类阅读材料在近年高考中屡屡涉及。这类材料往往语言地道，内容时新。 一、材料特点 广告类阅读题的五大特点 1. 材料特点：大家知道，刊登广告是要钱的，为了节省费用，人们在拟写广告时往往都希望用最少的篇幅表现最大量的信息，这就决定了广告类材料通常具有以下特点：信息量大，用词简练，形式灵活。 2. 内容特点：综观近几年的高考英语阅读理解题，其中广告类阅读题内容主要涉及的是与人们生活息息相关的信息，如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。 3. 形式特点：做广告的主要目的就是要让受众了解并记住广告内容，并为广告上所刊登的内容(产品或服务等)买单。为了达到这一目的，人们在设计广告时往往会做到：标题醒目，重点突出，条理清楚。 4. 用词特点：广告类阅读材料的用词有以下“三多”特点：一是人名、地名、专有名词多；二是生词多；三是缩略词、省略句多。 5. 命题特点：广告类阅读是近几年高考英语阅读理解最常考的题材，在阅读理解的选材中占有很大的比重命题者的目的是要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，所以命题的题型多是以获取信息为主的细节理解题。 【考点pk】 名师考点透析考点一、细节事实理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问1.which of the following statements is(not) true/correct?2.which of the following is not mentioned?3.all of the following are true except.4.according to the passage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc.？1.直接事实题 在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 如：a giant dam was built many years ago to control the colorado river in the u.s.this dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.this huge dam is in the black canyon.it is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.this dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.the elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.there is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from new york to san francisco.thousands of people worked on this dam for five years. this huge dam was called boulder dam when it was finished in 1936.later it was renamed hoover dam in honor of a president of the united states.hoover dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of arizona and nevada.q：hoover dam lies_ . a.between arizona and nevadab.in the black canyonc.between new york and san franciscod.both a and binvited by mr.ye huixian，host of the well-received tv programme“stars tonight”，miss luo lin，miss asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the shanghai tv screen last sunday. born in shanghai and taken to hongkong when she was only six years old，luo lin has never dreamed of being miss asia.her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in cathay airline for seven years.however， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners，designed by the asia tv station.“its really a hard job for me.i wont enter for such competition any more.anyhow，i am quite lucky.i am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since i won the title.this time，in shanghai，id love to make a deep impression on my tv audience，”said luo lin with a sweet smile.q：which of the following is not true?a.luo lin is a native of shanghai.b.luo lin moved to hongkong with her parents.c.luo lin won the title of miss asia in 1991.d.asia tv station helped luo lin to become miss asia.【解析】a、c和d项都可在原文找到答案，而b项原文所给的是：taken to hongkong可判断不是moved to hongkong with her parents，因此选b。 考点二、主题理解或写作意图推断。一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容1.短文的标题（title,headline）；2.短文或段落的主题（subject）；3.中心思想(main idea)；4.作者的写作目的(purpose)。二、此类题的设问方式1.what would be the best title for the text? 2.what does the second paragraph mainly discuss?3.what is the passage mainly about?4.the main purpose of announcing the above events is_.考点三、推理推断。推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：1.we can infer from the passage that_.2.what can be inferred from the passage?3.which of the following can be inferred from the passage?4.it can be inferred from paragraph 3 that_.5.the author suggests in this paragraph that_.6.the writer implies that_.7.it can be inferred that_.8.it can be concluded from the passage that_.9.on the whole,we can conclude that_.10.from the t