高考英语阅读理解基础极品训练题（18）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解基础极品训练题（18）及答案c82013天津卷 -blast nights meteor(流星)shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers.according to gabe rothschild, emerald valleys mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky.what they found instead was a sky so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.“my family was so frustrated，” admitted town resident duane cosby.“we wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”astronomersscientists who study stars and planetshave been complaining about this problem for decades.they say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.they call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.there is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. this population consists of birds, bats, frogs，snakes，etc.for example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating (迁徙的)birds.according to the international darksky association，“100 million birds a year throughout north america die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”countless more animal casualties(伤亡) result from the use of artificial lighting.clearly，people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans，too.they worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a persons chances of getting cancer.emerald valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.for years, flagstaff, arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the lowell observatory.similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.41it happened last night that _a. the citys lights affected the meteor watchingbthe meteors flew past before being noticedcthe city light show attracted many peopledthe meteor watching ended up a social outing 42what do the astronomers complain about?ameteor showers occur less often than before.btheir observation equipment is in poor repair.clight pollution has remained unsolved for years.dtheir eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting.43what is the author concerned about according to paragraph 4?a. birds may take other migration paths.banimals living habits may change suddenly.cvarieties of animals will become sharply reduced.danimals survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.44lighting regulations in flagstaff, arizona are put into effect to_alessen the chance of getting cancerbcreate an ideal observation conditioncensure citizens a good sleep at nightdenable all creatures to live in harmony45what message does the author most want to give us?asaving wildlife is saving ourselves.bgreat efforts should be made to save energy.chuman activities should be environmentally friendly.dnew equipment should be introduced for space study.【要点综述】 本文是一篇科普文。主要介绍了城市的光污染对日常生活、天文学家的工作以及动物的生活都产生了消极的影响。在flagstaff，arizona已经采取了灯光管理措施。 41a 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.”可知，昨天晚上由于城市的灯光太亮，影响了人们观看流星。故选a。42c细节理解题。根据第三段“have been complaining about this problem for decades. they say that light pollution prevents them from”可知，天文学家多年来一直在抱怨光污染问题未解决。故选c。43d推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二句“ that suffers even more from light pollution. this population consists of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc.”以及本段最后一句“ 100 million birds a year throughout die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”可知，第四段作者主要叙述的是动物也受到了光污染的影响，甚至它们的生存也受到了影响。故选d。44b推理判断题。根据第六段第二句“has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at”可知，这条规定是为了给天文学家的工作创造理想的观察条件。故选b。45c主旨大意题。根据整篇文章的叙述，作者主要描述了城市的光污染对生活、工作以及动物造成的影响，因此作者在文中呼吁我们人类的活动应该对环境有利。故选c。阅读理解-b(2013江苏，b)weve considered several ways of paying to cut in line: hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers (票贩子), or purchasing linecutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park. each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service)markets and queuespaying and waitingare two different ways of allocating things，and each is appropriate to different activities. the morals of the queue, “first come，first served，” have an egalitarian (平等主义的) appeal. they tell us to ignore privilege, power, and deep pockets.the principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops. but the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions. if i put my house up for sale, i have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because its the first. selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities, properly governed by different standards.sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply. think of the recorded message you hear, played over and over, as you wait on hold when calling your bank：“your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.” this is essential for the morals of the queue. its as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.but dont take the recorded message too seriously. today, some peoples calls and answered faster than others. call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places. you might call this telephonic queue jumping.of course, markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. some goods we distribute by merit, others by need, still others by chance. however, the tendency of markets to replace queues, and other nonmarket ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore. it is striking that most of the paid queuejumping schemes weve consideredat airports and amusement parks, in call centers, doctors offices, and national parksare recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago. the disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern, but these are not the only places that markets have entered. 文章大意：此篇文章由排队买票还是插队引入话题，谈论了分配东西的一些原则。市场在分配过程中起着它不同寻常的作用。5according to the author, which of the following seems governed by the principle “first come, first served”？ataking buses. bbuying houses. cflying with an airline. dvisiting amusement parks. 答案：a细节理解题。由第三段第一句话可知乘坐公共汽车遵循先到先服务的原则。6the example of the recorded message in paragraph 4 and 5 illustrates _.athe necessity of patience in queuing bthe advantage of modern technology cthe uncertainty of allocation principle dthe fairness of telephonic services答案：c推理判断题。文章的第四段第一句话中“it is unclear which principle should apply.”表明了分配原则的不确定。而第四段和第五段分别表明了这一主题。7the passage is meant to _.ajustify paying for faster servicesbdiscuss the morals of allocating thingscanalyze the reason for standing in linedcriticize the behavior of queue jumping答案：b主旨大意题。通读全文可知这篇文章旨在讨论分配事物中的标准和原则。阅读理解-c(2013安徽，c)when 19yearold sophia giorgi said she was thinking of volunteering to help the makeawish foundation (基金会)，nobody understood what she was talking about. but sophia knew just how important makeawish could be because this special organization had helped to make a dream come true for one of her best friends. we were interested in finding out more, so we went along to meet sophia and listen to what she had to say.sophia told us that makeawish is a worldwide organization that started in the united states in 1980. “its a charity (慈善机构)that helps children who have got very serious illnesses. makeawish helps children feel happy even though they are sick, by making their wishes and dreams come true，” sophia explained.we asked sophia how makeawish had first started. she said it had all begun with a very sick young boy called chris, who had been dreaming for a long time of becoming a policeman. sophia said lots of people had wanted to find a way to make chriss dream come true，so with everybodys help, chris, only seven years old at the time, had been a “policeman” for a day. “when people saw how delighted chris was when his dream came true, they decided to try and help other sick children too, and that was the beginning of makeawish，”explained sophia.sophia also told us the foundation tries to give children and their families a special, happy time. a makeawish volunteer visits the families and asks the children whatever they would wish for if they could have anything in the world. sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come true. they do this either by providing things that were necessary, or by raising money or helping out in what way they can.文章大意：本文借sophia之口，让我们了解了makeawish foundation一个全球性的慈善组织，它帮助身患重病的孩子实现他们的愿望。8sophia found out about makeawish because her best friend had _.abenefited from it bvolunteered to help it cdreamed about it dtold the author about it答案：a细节理解题。根据第一段的“but sophia knew just how important make a wish could be because this special organization had helped to make a dream come true for one of her best friends .”可知，因为make a wish曾经帮助sophia的一个朋友实现了愿望，所以sophia才知道这个组织是多么的重要，才了解了这一组织的更多内容。9according to sophia, makeawish _.ais an international charitybwas understood by nobody at firstcraises money for very poor familiesdstarted by drawing the interest of the public答案：a推理判断题。根据第二段的第一、二句可知，make a wish是一个全球性的组织，而且是一个慈善机构，故a项正确；大家不理解的是sophia去当志愿者帮助make a wish，而不是没人理解make a wish，故排除b项；make a wish是帮助身患重病的孩子实现愿望，而不是为穷苦家庭募捐，故c项错误；d项不是文章的内容。10what is said about chris in paragraph 3?ahe has been a policeman since he was seven.bhe gave people the idea of starting makeawish.che wanted people to help make his dream come true.dhe was the first child makeawish helped after it had been set up.答案：b推理判断题。由第三段可知，chris当了一天的警察，故排除a项；人们帮助chris实现了他当警察的愿望，而且这就是make a wish的开始，故b项正确；很多人想帮助chris，但文章未提chris想让人们帮助他实现梦想，故排除c项；d项不是文章的内容。11which of the following is true about makeawish volunteers?athey are important for making wishes come true.bthey try to help children get over their illnesses.cthey visit sick children to make them feel special.dthey provide what is necessary to make makeawish popular.答案：a推理判断题。根据最后一段的“sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come true.”可知a项正确；志愿者不能帮助孩子们克服他们的疾病，故排除b项；志愿者们拜访孩子们是为了帮助他们实现愿望，而不是使他们感到特别，故c项错误；志愿者提供给孩子们必要的东西是为了帮助他们，而不是使make a wish受欢迎，故d项错误。阅读理解-ewe live in a very competitive world. everybody seems to be competing with someone at some level. each week we spend hours playing or watching others compete in sporting activities all over the world. we cannot help being impressed by the level of excellence that these people achieve.in sport and business, competition encourages excellence in performance. where there is no competition, improvement in performance is less likely. some level of competition is a have-to in all aspects of life.the following story makes this point.as two friends are hiking in the forest they come across a huge, ferocious and obviously hungry bear. its next meal has just come into sight, and they are it! the first friend calculates that the bear will catch them in 27.3 seconds. at that point, she panics, realizing there is no escape. she faces her friend, with the fear of death in her eyes. to her amazement, she observes that her friend is not scared at all. on the contrary, her friend is quickly but calmly taking off her hiking boots and putting on running shoes. “what do you think youre doing?”the first hiker says to her companion. “youll never be able to run faster than that bear”. “thats true,” says the companion,“but all i have to do is escape, faster than you.”we all compete when the motivation is strong enough. however, competition is not the real purpose of life. fulfilling the measure of our creation can only be achieved individually.most of time, we are not in competition with any other person, so we do not have to compare ourselves with others. there is only one person that can fulfill our role and that is us. this means that others cannot beat us to the finish line because there is no race. this is not to