云南省德宏州潞西市芒市中学高考英语一轮复习 情态动词教案(1).doc

教案：高三语法复习 情态动词复习目标：复习重点：情态动词的各种用法。复习难点：根据考纲内容复习情态动词的各种用法；情态动词表推测。课前知识梳理常见的情态动词有哪些？ 哪些情态动词可以表推测？ 你还记得must表推测时的三种形式吗？ 设计意图：让学生整体把握情态动词。师生活动：学生课前完成。三典例引领，变式内化考点一：表示能力的情态动词。can , could , be able to ,was/were able tocan 表示现在的能力或者一般的能力。be able to 与 can 的用法相同，区别是：can 的用法比较普遍。could 表示过去的能力，不表示是否做成功。was/were able to 表示过去的能力，但是表示成功的做了某事。could have done 表示过去有能力做某事，但是没有做。考点二：表示请求，允许的情态动词。 当对方是决策者时，你代表自己或者第三者征求意见或者向对方请示，用shallmay /might/can/could i .?(主语是第一人称)could /will/would/can you .?(主语是第二人称)e.g. should we begin our class ?can/could i leave now ?when shall my teacher be able to leave hospital ?shall the driver wait outside ? 当你自己是决策者，给对方或者第三者以命令，许诺，警告或者威胁时，用 shall.此外当宣布法律，规定时，也是用此方法，用于第二人称和第三人称。注意：在回答以may 引导的问句时，一般来说避免用may 回答，以免显得太严厉或者不太客气，而用其他方式。-may i come in ?_yes ,please /sure/ certainly .please dont/no ,you mustnt.could /might i use your bike tomorrow morning ?.yes , you may/can. no, i m afraid not .考点三：表示可能性，推测的情态动词。 对现在或者将来情况的推测： 情态动词+do/be/be doing 对过去事情情况的推测： 情态动词+have+过去分词 表示可能性，推测的情态动词按可能性大小依次排列：mustshould/ought to maymightcould表示否定推测常用：cant, couldnt 表示推测的语气非常肯定。may not /might not 表示推测的语气不是很肯定。翻译为：可能不，也许不.注意： must 表示推测一定，只能用于肯定句。 should (not )/ought (not) to 表示根据常规或者常识推测表示某事应该、不应该发生。语气比must 要弱。 can/ could 表示推测时，一般只用于疑问句和否定句中。can 用于肯定句中表示一种理论上的可能性，并不牵涉是否真的发生，在这种用法中can只能与动词原形连用，could 用于肯定句，语气比may/might 更弱。 may（not）/might（not） 表示一种不太把握的推测，意思或许，可能might 的语气比may 委婉考点四：表达虚拟语气的情态动词。对过去的一种结果的假设或者虚拟用：情态动词have+过去分词 may/might have done 可能做了某事（对过去事情的推测，语气不太肯定。用于肯定句，否定句，疑问句） must have done 一定做了（对过去情况的推测，语气比较肯定，用于肯定句中。） cant/couldnt have done 不可能做了某事（对过去情况的推测，语气比较肯定。用于否定和疑问句中） should have done /ought to have done 本该做而事实上没做的事情。（对已发生事情的批评和责备） shouldnt have done /ought not to have done 本不应该做但是事实却做了某事（对已发生事情的批评和责备） neednt have done 本不必做但是做了某事。（对已发生事情的批评和责备） could have done 本可能做而没能做某事（对已发生事情的后悔，遗憾）变式训练：1.-guess what ! i have got a for my term paper. -great ! you _c_read widely and put a lot of work into it. （07年上海） a must b should c must have d should have-she looks very happy. -she_c_ have passed the exam. (07江苏) a should b could c must d might3. -my cat is really fat . -you _c_have given her so much food. (07浙江). a wouldnt b couldnt c shouldnt d mustnt4. he _b_have completed his work ,otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. (05北京) a should b must c wouldnt d cant考点五：情态动词表示各种语气。 shall 用于二，三 人称中，表示命令，许诺，警告，强制，威胁，决心等，用于陈述句中。 must 用于（干嘛）便要，硬要（指做令人不快乐的事情）等语气。must you shout so loudly? can 可用表示惊讶，怀疑，不相信等态度（主要用于否定句，疑问句或者惊叹句中。）how can you be so careless.! may 可用于祈使句，表示祝愿。may we never forget each other.may you return in safety. should 可表示惊讶，怀疑，不满等情绪，用于从句作为竟然解释。不能省略。it is a great pity that he should be so careless.it is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.用在expect, think ,believe 等词的宾语从句中，表示惊讶，怀疑，不满等情绪。在lest, for fear that ,in case (以免，以防)引起的从句中，其谓语用should 动词原形。e.g. be quit in case that you should wake the baby.考点六：情态动词的其他用法。 used to do 和would 的区别：would 以一种回忆往事的心情来描述过去经常重复的习惯动作，而used to do强调过去与现在的对比，并且表示较远，目前不存在的习惯。 情态动词的一些习惯用法。 can not .too/enough.无论怎么样也不过分越。越好you can not be too careful. can not but +do sth 不得不，只好i can not but choose to go.may/might as well +动词原形用于第一人称表示说话者意向我想还是什么的好。用于二三人称表示说话者的建议和推荐最好。，不妨。i may as well start at once.you may as well come with me .四. 目标检测1.10安徽jack described his father, who _a brave boy many years ago, as a strong willed mana. would be b. would have been c. must be d. must have been答案d考点本题考查情态动词推测用法。解析句意为 “杰克把他的父亲描述为一个意志坚强的人, 他的父亲多年前肯定很勇敢。”用must have been表示对过去事情的肯定推测。2.10安徽bob would have helped us yesterday, but he_a. was busy b. is busy c. had been busy. d. will be busy答案a考点本题考查虚拟语气与时态。解析前句表示对过去的虚拟, 而but之后表示过去的客观事实, 故用一般过去时态。3.10湖南you buy a gift, but you can if you want to.a. must b. mustnt c. have to d. dont have to答案d考点本题考查情态动词。解析dont have to 意为 “没有必要”, 符合语境, 句意为：“你没有必要买礼物, 但如果你想买的话, 你也可以买。”4.10湖南if he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.a. followed b. should follow c. had followed d. would follow答案c考点考查虚拟语气。解析根据 “wouldnt have lost”可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟, 故选c项。5. 10江西i have told you the truth. _ i keep repeating it? a must b can c may d will答案a考点考查情态动词的用法。解析must 必须, 一定 can 可以, 能够 may 也许 will 意愿, 倾向性动作, 前半句说我告诉你事实了, 这里用的是现在完成时, 表示过去的动作对现在造成了影响, 既然我已经说了, 我还必须重复一遍吗？6.10山东i_ have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams. a. shouldnt b. neednt c. couldnt d. mustnt答案a考点本题考查情态动词的用法。解析句意应为 “我本来不应该看那部电影的-它会使我做噩梦的。”表示 “本来不应该做而做了某事”用shouldnt have done, 所以a项正确。设计意图：考察学生对情态动词的复习情况。师生活动：学生独立完成，教师核对讲解。分层配餐a组题1. 情态动词表推测表肯定时，语气顺序为：mustshould/ought to maymightcould2. 填空 may/might have done 可能做了某事 must have done 一定做了（对过去情况的推测，语气比较肯定，用于肯定句中。） cant/couldnt have done 不可能做了某事（对过去情况的推测，语气比较肯定。用于否定和疑问句中） should have done /ought to have done 本该做而事实上没做的事情。（对已发生事情的批评和责备） shouldnt have done /ought not to have done 本不应该做但是事实却做了某事（对已发生事情的批评和责备） neednt have done 本不必做但是做了某事。（对已发生事情的批评和责备） could have done 本可能做而没能做某事（对已发生事情的后悔，遗憾）must do/be3. 请写出must表推测的三种形式must be doingmust have done设计意图：让基础薄弱的同学也能基本掌握考纲对情态动词考察的难点。b组提1.10天津mark have hurried. after driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.a. neednt b. wouldnt c. mustnt d. couldnt答案a考点考查情态动词。解析句意：迈克本来不必要那么忙的。这么高速驾驶之后, 他早半个小时到达了。根据后面的语境, 提前半个小时到达, 说明mark本来不必那么匆忙, 所以用neednt have done 结构, 表示 “本来不必要做某事的而实际上做了”。2. 10天津john went to the hospital alone. if he me about it, i would have gone with him.a. should tell b. tells c. told d. had told 答案d考点考查虚拟语气。解析句意：约翰独自去了医院。如果他告诉我的话, 我会跟他一起去的。前一句是陈述语气, 说明动发生在过去, 而且后一句的主句已经是would have gone说明是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与之对应的从句结构, 应该用had +过去分词。3.10四川 i take the book out? im afraid not.a. will b. may c. must d. need答案b考点考查情态动词。解析表请求可用情态动词can, may, could, might ,表允许用can, may.句意为：“我可以将这本书带出去吗？” “恐怕不行”。故应选表情请求的情态动词may。正确答案为b。4. 10全国just be patient .you _ expect the world to change so soon .a. cant b. neednt c. may not d. whether答案a考点考查情态动词。解析句意：耐心一点儿, 你不能期望世界变化如此快。通过选项此题考查情态动词, cant在否定句中可以表示推测, 译为不可能,可以表示能力, 译为不能够, 也可以表示命令, 不允许, 但是语气比mustnt弱, 具有劝慰的意思, 根据句意此题中选择a, cant表示劝慰。5.10江苏i havent got the reference book yet, but ill have a test on the subject next month. dont worry. you_ have it by friday. a. could b. shall c. must d. may 答案b考点考查情态动词。解析shall在第二人称中表示允诺, 还可以表示强制, 命令, 威胁, 警告。还有在法律条文中的要求或规定。6.10江苏george is going to talk about the geography of his country, but id rather he_ more on its culture. a. focus b. focused c. would focus d. had focused答案b考点本题考查虚拟语气。解析would rather后应用虚拟语气, 表示与现在时间相反, 用动词的过去式7. 10陕西may i take this book out of the reading room? no, you . you read it in here. a. mightnt b. wont c. neednt d. mustnt答案d考点考查情态动词。解析英语中用could, might表示询问或征求意见的问句中, 肯定性应答要用can或may来代替could或might, 而may或might征求意见的问句否定应答时要用mustnt, 故本题选d。8.10陕西if we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. a. take b. had taken c. took d. have taken答案b考点考查虚拟语气。解析所填词做虚拟语气中条件状语从句的谓语, 根据主句的谓语动词形式might have ar rived可知题干是与过去事实相反, 故所填部分用had+过去分词形式, 选b。设计意图：让学生掌握该知识点并能运用。c组题1.10全国im afraid mr. harding _see you now. hes busy.a. cant b. mustnt c. shouldnt d .neednt答案a考点情态动词考查。解析结合语境, 根据情态动词用于疑问或否定推测时, 要用cant。2.10湖北its said that they have swum to the island from the continent, but they _（不可能做到）because the ocean in between is too wide. (do)答案cant/ couldnt have done it考点情态动词解析当要对过去进行肯定的推测时, 要用 “cant/couldnt+have+done”的结构3. 10湖北mr. johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention _ (讨论) at the meeting. (discuss)答案(should) be discussed考点本题考查虚拟语气。解析“insist”引导的宾语从句要用虚拟, 从句结构是“should”（可省略）加动词原形, 主语“problem” 是要 “被讨论”。4.10辽宁doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _ be regular exercise.a. can b. will c. must d. may答案c考点考查情态动词。解析句意：医生说锻炼对身体重要, 但是必须是有规律的锻炼。can一般表示 “可能, 或能力”；will表示 “意志”；may表示 “许可, 可能”；must表示 “必须”。5.10北京-good morning. ive got an appointment with miss smith in the personnel department. -ah, good morning. you be mrs. peters. a. might b. must c. would d. can答案b考点本题考查情态动词在语境中的运用。解析第一个说话人说和史密斯小姐有约, 那下面的人就回应说, 那您一定就是mrs. peters了因此排除a, c, d6.10北京-the weather has been very hot and dry. -yes. if it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! and my vegetables . a. wouldnt die b. didnt die c. hadnt died d. wouldnt have died 答案d考点本题考查虚拟语气中对过去的虚拟。解析第二个说话人的if条件句是我们选择正确答案的关键。要是当时下雨了, 现在的情况就好的多了！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。过去没有下雨, 所以我的蔬菜干死了也是发生在过去。而将句子还原则为if it had rained even a drop, my vegetables wouldnt have died.if+ had done, 主句为couldnt/ shouldnt/ wouldnt have done.7.10浙江had i known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy . awould have been saved bhad been saved cwill be saved dwas saved答