高考英语阅读理解抓分精品练习（15）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分精品练习（15）及答案阅读理解猜测词义passage * when several different people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times, you may see different things. the following are about some of the factors that lead to these different senses. (1)each persons senses of others are formed by his or her own cultural condition, education, and personal experiences. (2)sometimes senses differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what weve observed. it is not necessarily true that person sense is based on observations of a particular person. your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person: or you may center mainly on the situation or role relationship. most people do not use the same standard to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers. (3)sometimes we see only what we want to see or dont see what may be obvious to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states. this is a process known as selective sense. selective sense is obviously more dif- ficult when contradictory (矛盾的) information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. we can ignore (忽略) the stimulus hes basically a good boy so what i saw was not shoplifting. we can reduce the importance of the contradictory information all kids get into naughty hehavior. taking a book from bookstore isnt such a big deal. we can change the meaning of the contradictory information it wasnt shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later. l. the first factor given by the author that affects our sense is_. a. the abilities of ones hearing and seeing sensors b. cultural background and personal experiences c. experiences one learns from others d. critical measures taken by other people 答案：b指导：由第一因素就是cultural conditionand personal experiences可知b为最佳选项。2. while observing a particular person, a. one ix likely to talk all aspects into consideration b. otie pays more attention to lis , her advantages c. children often differ from grown ups in sense d. one tends to choose certain cues(提示)to look for 答案：d 指导：据文中第一段最后一句“有几个因素导致不同的感觉”，另外，由第二个因素中第三句controlledbywhatothers have told you about this person可知d为最佳选项。3. observation of the same person by two people at the same rime may differ because_. a.their measuring standards arc not the same b. either of them may be slow to catch information c. the time for observation is not long enough d. each of them uses different language to express his her impressions 答案：a 指导：据作者给出的三个因素：据自己的文化背景和切身经历；我们所看到的和我们处理所看到东西的方法；我们自己切身需要。所以a为正确选项，不同人的不同标准。4. the underlined word stimulus in paragraph 4 refers to_. a. something attractive b. selective sense c. contradictory information d. shoplifting 答案：c 指导：据文中倒数第五句“when contradictory infor mation is particularly obvious，but it can be done和后面所举的例子，“如果一个好孩子在书店中偷书”可知c项为最佳选项，忽视矛盾性的重要性。*结束the television news feature about ben heckmann, an eighth grader from farmington, minn, was breathless in its praise. “at 14, he has accomplished something many adults cant achieve,” the reporter said, “ben is a twice-published author.” but bens two “velvet black” books, describing a fictional rock band, were not picked from a pile of manuscripts（手稿）by an eagle eyed publisher. they were self-published, at the cost of $400 by bens parents.over the past five years, print-on-demand technology and a growing number of self publishing companies whose books can be sold online have inspired writers of all ages to avoid the traditional gatekeeping system for determining who could call himself a “published author.”the mothers and fathers who foot the bill say they are simply trying to encourage their children, in the same way that other parents buy equipment for a promising baseball player. but others see self-publishing as a lost opportunity to teach children about hardship and perseverance. mr. robbins, a critic, thinks it is wonderful to start writing at a young age, but worries self-publishing sends the wrong message. “there are no prodigies(神童) in literature,” he said. “literature requires experience, in a way that mathematics and music do not.” alan rinzler, a publishing industry veteran, suggested parents hire a professional editor like him to work with their child to tear a manuscript apart and help make a better. bens father, ken, said bens ambitions “werent to knock harry potter off the list,” but “to get that good feeling inside that youve done something.”ajla dizdarevic, 12, who has self-published two books of poetry, has been on television and in local newspapers. “being a published author,” she said, “was always a dream of mine.” her new dream: three books by age 15.36. which of the following is true of ben?a. he has achieved something unusual for his age.b. his self-published books were well received.c. his manuscripts were favored by the publisher.d. he was thought little of by the public media.【答案】a 【解析】细节理解题。根据细节理解题。根据at 14, he has accomplished something many adults cant achieve, 14岁时,他已经完成了一些许多成年人不能实现,的目标，故选a。37. what makes it possible for writers of all ages to self-publish their works?a. the rapid increase of online readership.b. the increasing number of publishers.c. the immediate access to marketing agencies.d. the development of printing and publishing.【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。根据print-on-demand technology and a growing number of self publishing companies whose books can be sold online have inspired writers of all ages to avoid the traditional gatekeeping system for determining who could call himself a “published author.印刷和出版业的发展，使他们出书有了可能，故选d。38. why do some parents pay the self-publishing bill?a. they want to offer opportunities to their children.b. they want to give encouragement to their children.c. they want to help their children avoid hardship.d. they want to show love and care for their children.【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。根据the mothers and fathers who foot the bill say they are simply trying to encourage their children,父母为了鼓励孩子，故选b。39. what dose alan rinzler suggest that children should do?a. be forbidden to write booksb. start writing at an early agec. be professionally guidedd. learn from experience【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。根据alan rinzler, a publishing industry veteran, suggested parents hire a professional editor like him to work with their child to tear a manuscript apart and help make a better.孩子们应受到专业指导，故选c。40. why do some children self-publish works according to the last part?a. just to achieve their dreams.b. just to earn more money.c. just to gain self-confidence.d. just to satisfy their parents.【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。根据bens ambitions “werent to knock harry potter off the list,” but “to get that good feeling inside that youve done something 孩子们为了实现自己的梦想。故选a。阅读理解猜测词义passage * technology has been an encouragement of historical change. it acted as such a force in england heginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire western world in the nineteenth. rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture (制造)of goods, which hanged ide as about work. onc of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. people also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: each nail was exactly like every other nail. meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail. this means that goods could be mass production, ahhough mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks. oncc this was done, workers no longer started on the product and lahored to complete it. instead, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parls in certain order.there is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by todays standards. highly skilled workers were unable to com pare with the new produciion techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater num- ber than could ever be done by hand. but the skilled workers wasnt the only loser, thc common workers lost too. similar changes forced fanners a way. the increased mechanization (械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops. they had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers. increasingly, standards were set by machines. workers no longer owned their own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer possible. workers fed, looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost. 1. in this passage, which of the following is not considered as a change caused by tile use of scientific findings in the production of goods? a. other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. b. the increased exploitation of workers in the 19th century. c. the increased use of machines to make products in less time. d. the use of machines producing parts of the same stand ard. 答案：b 指导：由文中第一段可知。2. the underlined word this in the first paragraph refers to_. a. the use of scientific findings b. the practice of producing the same parts for a product c. the human power being replaced by other forms of energy d. the technology becoming the encouragement of historical change 答案：c 指导：由于其他“能”代替了“人力”，从而使“机器”生产出现。所以c为正确答案。3. the underlined word thisin the second paragraph refers to the change that_. a. each nail could be taken tile place of by every other nail b. each nail was exactly like every other nail c. producing tasks became smaller and smaller d. goods could lie mass produced 答案：d 指导：由于产品成批生产，所以产生工人只做千分之一的工作。故d为正确答案。 an “apple polisher” is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment. it is not exactly a bribe(贿赂), but is close to it. all sorts of people are apple polishers, including politicians and people in high officesjust about everybody. oliver cromwell, the great english leader, offered many gifts to win the support of george fox and his party, but failed. there are other phrases meaning the same thing as “apple-polishing”“soft-soaping” or “buttering-up”. a gift is just one way to “soft-soap” somebody, or to “butter him up”. another that is just as effective is flattery, giving someone high praisetelling him how good he looks, or how well he speaks, or how talented and wise he is. endless are the ways of flattery. who does not love to hear it? only an unusual man can resist the thrill of being told how wonderful he is. in truth, flattery is good medicine for most of us, who get so little of it. we need it to be more sure of ourselves. it cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it. but if we just lap it up for its food value and nourishment, as a cat laps up milk, then we can still remain true to ourselves. sometimes, however, flattery will get you nothing from one who has had too much of it. a good example is the famous 12th century legend of king canute of denmark and england. the king got tired of listening to endless sickening flattery of his courtiers(朝臣). they overpraised him to the skies, as a man of limitless might. he decided to teach them a lesson. he took them to the seashore and sat down. then he ordered the waves to stop coming in. the tide was too busy to listen to him. the king was satisfied. this might show his followers how weak his power was and how empty their flattery.41. which of the following activities has nothing to do with “apple-polishing”?a. a boy tells his girlfriend how pretty she looks.b. an employee tells her boss how good he is at management.c. a knight is said to be of limitless power by his followers.d. a teacher praises her students for their talent and wisdom.【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。根据another that is just as effective is flattery, giving someone high praisetelling him how good he looks夸奖别人的长相是多么地好，是其中的阿谀奉承之一，符合原文；故选d。42. what does the writer want to prove with cromwells example?a. everybody can be an apple-polisher.b. cromwell was not a good apple-polisher.c. george fox and his party were not apple-polishers.d. there are people who dont like being apple-polished.【答案】a【解析】推理判断题。根据all sorts of people are apple polishers, i