高考英语阅读理解精品训练（4）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解精品训练（4）及解析c22013江西卷 the light from the campfire brightened the darkness, but it could not prevent the damp cold of denniss swamp (沼泽地) creeping into their bones. it was a strange place. martin and tom wished that they had not accepted jacks dare. they liked camping, but not near this swamp.“so，” martin asked as they sat watching the hot coals. “how did this place get its name? ”“are you sure you want to hear it? its a scary story，” warned jack.“of course！” cried out tom. “if there were anything to be scared of, you wouldnt have chosen this place！”“ok, but dont say i didnt warn you，” said jack, and he began his tale.“way back in time, a man called dennis tried to start a farm here. he built that cottage over there to live in. in those days, the area looked quite differentit was covered with tall trees and the swamp was a crystalclear river. after three hard years, dennis had cleared several fields and planted crops. he was so proud of his success that he refused to listen to advice.”“you are clearing too much land， warned one old man. the land is a living thing. it will hit back at you if you abuse it. silly fool， said dennis to himself. if i clear more land, i can grow more crops. ill become wealthier. hes just jealous！”“dennis continued to chop down trees. small animals that relied on them for food and shelter were destroyed. he was so eager to expand his farm that he did not notice the river flowing slowly towards his door. he did not notice salt seeping to the surface of the land. he did not notice swamp plants choking all the native plants.”“what happened? ” martin asked. it was growing colder. he trembled, twisting his body closer to the fire.“the land hit backjust as the old man warned, ” jack shrugged. “dennis disappeared. old folks around here believe that swamp plants moved up from the river and dragged him underwater. his body was never found.”“what a stupid story, ” laughed tom. “plants cant” before he had finished speaking, he screamed and fainted(晕倒). the other two boys jumped up with fright, staring at tom. suddenly, they burst out laughing. some green swamp ivy (常春藤) had covered toms face. it was a while before tom could appreciate the joke.56the underlined word “dare” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _a. courage b. assistance c. instruction d. challenge57. why did jack tell tom and martin the story?a. to frighten them.b. to satisfy their curiosity.c. to warn them of the danger of the place.d. to persuade them to camp in the swamp.58. why did dennis ignore the warning of the old man?a. the old man envied him. b. the old man was foolish.c. he was too busy to listen to others. d. he was greedy for more crops.59. why did tom scream and faint?a. he saw denniss shadow. b. he was scared by a plant. c. his friends played a joke on him. d. the weather became extremely cold.60. what lesson can we learn from the story of dennis?a. grasp all, lose all. b. no sweat, no sweet.c. it is no use crying over spilt milk. d. he who makes no mistakes makes nothing.【要点综述】 本文主要讲述了三个人在沼泽地附近露营以及denniss swamp名字的由来。56. d考查词义猜测。由语境可知，他们去沼泽地野营应该是接受了杰克的挑战。57. b考查推理判断。根据第二、三、四段他们的对话可知，jack多次警告他们这个故事吓人，但经不住他们的请求还是告诉他们了，可知讲这个故事并不是为了吓他们，而是为了满足他们的好奇心。58. d考查细节理解。由第八段“if i clear more land, i can grow more crops. ill become wealthier. hes just jealous！”可知他想有更多的土地，种更多的庄稼，变得更富有，还认为老人在嫉妒他。由此可知他不听老人的劝告是因为他想种更多的庄稼。59. b考查细节理解。由最后一段倒数第二句“some green swamp ivy (常春藤) had covered toms face.”可知他晕倒的原因是因为他被常春藤吓到了。60. a考查推理判断。综观全文可知贪婪的dennis因为其贪婪，结果失去了一切，故a项“贪多必失”，符合语境。c22013辽宁卷 china is a land of bicycles.at least it was back in 1992 when i traveled the country.back then everyone seemed to be riding a bicycle.millions of them, all black.cars were rare.yet since my arrival in beijing last year, ive found the opposite is true.there are millions of cars.however, people still use their bicycles to get around.for many, its the easiest and cheapest way to travel today.bicycles also come in different colorssilver, green, red, blue, yellow, whatever you want.its fun watching people biking.they rush quickly through crossroads, move skillfully through traffic, and ride even on sidewalks(人行道)bicycles allow people the freedom to move about that cars just cant provide.eager to be part of this aspect of chinese culture, i decided to buy a bicycle.great weather accompanied my great buy.i immediately jumped up on my bicycle seat and started home.my first ride home was orderly(守秩序的)to be safe, i stayed with a “pack” of bikers while cars on the streets came running swiftly out of nowhere at times.i didnt want to get hit.so i took the ride carefully.crossing the streets was the biggest problem.it was a lot like crossing a major highway back in the united states.the streets here were wide, so crossing took time，skill and a little bit of luck.i finally made it home.the feeling on the bicycle was amazing.the air hitting my face and going through my hair was wonderful.i was sitting on top of the world as i passed by places and people.biking made me feel alive.56according to the author, why are bicycles still popular in china today?abecause they are traditional and safe.bbecause they are convenient and inexpensive.cbecause they are colorful and available.dbecause they are fast and environment friendly.57the author decided to buy a bicycle because he intended _ato ride it for funbto use it for transportcto experience local culturedto improve his riding skills58how did the author feel about his street crossing?ait was boring.bit was difficult.cit was lively.dit was wonderful.59which of the following best describes the authors biking experience?athe author enjoyed showing off his biking skills.bthe author was annoyed by the air while riding.cthe author was praised by the other bikers.dthe author took great pleasure in biking.【要点综述】 本文是记叙文，主要讲作者来到中国，为了体验当地文化，买了一辆自行车在大街上骑自行车的快乐经历。56b细节理解题。根据“对许多人来说，这是今天最简单、最便宜的出行方式”可推断，流行的原因是自行车不贵而且方便，所以选b。57c推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“渴望成为中国文化的一部分，我决定买一辆自行车”可推断，作者是想体验中国当地文化。58b细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“过马路是最大的问题”，再加上下文的描述可知，对他来说，过马路是很困难的。59d推理判断题。最后一段中描述“在自行车上这种感觉是令人惊讶的，微风吹过我的脸和头发，这种感觉是美妙的”说明作者在骑自行车的过程中是快乐的。 (2011广东卷，b)can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? people who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. a recent research has found a new recipe of success. according to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. twothirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog. however, it wasnt all sweetness and light. there was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes, while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. one reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. for example, when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression, while a dog doing the same signals submission.in homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behaviour. they are learning how to talk each others language. it is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk “dog” ，and dogs can learn how to talk “cat”whats interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence. they can learn to read each others body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected. once familiar with each others presence and body language, cats and dogs can play together, greet each other nose to nose, and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa. they can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom (梳理) each other.the significance of this research on cats and dogs may go beyond petsto people who dont get along, including neighbors, colleagues at work, and even world superpowers. if cats and dogs can learn to get along, surely people have a good chance.有人一直担心如果在家里同时养猫和狗，它们会相处得不好。可是研究发现猫和狗是可以和谐相处的。既然猫狗都能和谐相处，人和人以及世界大国之间就更容易做到这一点了。6the underlined word “swimmingly” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.a. early b. sweetlyc. quickly d. smoothly答案：b。词义猜测题。文章第一段第一句话“can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home？”意为“猫和狗在一个家里能和谐相处吗？”有人担心它们会打架，但是研究发现，如果猫被领养在先，而且它们都在很小的时候就认识的话，它们很可能会相处得很和谐。sweetly“甜美地”；smoothly“顺利地”。所以swimmingly在此意为sweetly。另外第二段第一句话：“however, it wasnt all sweetness and light.”中也有暗示。7some cats and dogs may fight when_.a. they are cold to each otherb. they look away from each otherc. they misunderstand each others signalsd. they are introduced at an early age答案：c。细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句话“there was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes, while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. one reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite.”可知因为猫狗的有些身体信号正好相反，所以才打架或对彼此冷漠。8what is found surprising about cats and dogs?a. they eat and sleep together.b. they observe each others behaviours.c. they learn to speak each others language.d. they know something from each others voices.答案：c。细节理解题。由第三段中的“they are learning how to talk each others language. it is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk dog，and dogs can learn how to talk cat”可知答案。9it is suggested in paragraph 4 that cats and dogs _.a. have common interestsb. are less different than was thoughtc. have a common body languaged. are less intelligent than was expected答案：b。推理判断题。第四段中的“they can learn how to read each others body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected.”意为：它们能够学会如何去理解彼此的身体语言，这表明猫狗有比我们以前所认为的更多的相同之处。也就是说，猫狗的不同之处比我们原来认为的要少。所以选b。10what can we human beings learn from cats and dogs?a. we should learn to live in harmony.b. we should know more about animals.c. we should live in peace with animals.d. we should learn more body languages.答案：a。推理判断题。从最后一段可以推知答案。 (2011浙江卷，c)in the more and more competitive service industry, it is no longer enough to promise customer satisfaction. today, customer “delight” is what commpaines are trying to achieve in order to keep and increase market share.it is accepted in the marketing industry, and confirmed by a number of researches, that customers receiving good service will promote business by telling up to 12 other people; those treated badly will tell their tales of woe to up to 20 people. interestingly, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal.new challenges for customer care have come when people can obtain goods and services through telephone calls centers and the internet.for example，many companies now have to invest (投资)a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the “phone_rage”caused by delays in answering call，being cut off in midconversation or left waiting for long periods.“many people do not like talking to machines，”says dr，storey，senior lecturer in marketing at city university business school.“banks ，for example，encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them. the aim is to make the customer feel they know you and that you can trust themthe sort of comfortable feelings people have during facetoface chats with their local branch manager.”recommended ways of creating customer delight include：underpromising and overdelivering (saying that a repair will be carried out within five hours，but getting it done within two) replacing a faulty product immediately；throwing in a gift voucher (购物礼券)as an unexpected “thank you” to regular customers; and always returning calls, even when they are complaints.aiming for customer delight is all very well，but if services do not reach the high level promised，disappointment or worse will be the result.this can be eased by offering an apology and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example，“i know how you must feel”)，and possible solutions (replacement，compensation or whatever fairness suggests best meets the case)airlines face some of the toughest challenges over customer care. fierce competition has convinced them that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool，while there is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather, unclaimed luggage and technical problems.for british airways staff，a winning telephone style is considered vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times.they are trained to answer quickly, with their name，job title and a “we are here to help”attitude.the company has invested heavily in information technology to make sure that information is available instantly on screen.british airways also says its customer care policies are applied within the company and staff are taught to regard each other as customers requiring the highest standards of service.customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as “we do as we please”on the other hand，the more customers are promised，the greater the risk of disappointment.本文阐述了顾客的满意度对企业发展的重要作用。11we can learn from paragraph 2 that _.acomplaining customers are hard to satisfybunsatisfied customers receive better servicecsatisfied customers catch more attentiondwelltreated customers promote business答案：d。推理判断题。a抱怨中的顾客难以令其满意；b不满意的顾客得到更好的服务；c满意的顾客得到更多的注意；d良好的对待顾客促进企业的发展。根据信息句“it is accepted in the marketing industry, and confirmed by a number of researches, that customers receiving good service will promote business”可以看出d项正确。12the writer mentions“phone rage”(paragraph 3)to show that_.acustomers often use phones to express their anger bpeople still prefer to buy goods onlineccustomer care becomes more demandingdcustomers rely on their phones to obtain services答案：c。细节理解题。a顾客常常用电话表达自己的愤怒；b人们依然偏爱网上购物；c客户关注更加成为人们的关注；d顾客靠电话得到服务。根据本段首句“new challenges for customer care have come when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the internet”可知c项正确。13what does the writer recommend to create customer delight?acalling customers regularl