asp.netERP客户管理系统的实现(源代码+论文)
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中国CRM行业实践反思跟两年前的不同是,现在国内的CRM行业越来越趋向于理性化,尤其是表现在企业用户上。准备部署CRM的企业更多的在前期进行内部动员和培训、咨询等,在CRM理念与流程在企业内能够铺开的时候才去考虑部署C RM系统,而且企业也更加重视CRM供应商的成功案例和行业经验。企业现在也不是听顾问讲CRM概念了,而是企业上上下下的人都能够说出很多有关客户满意度和客户的相关概念,这也是一个重要的标志。 然而,我们的CRM供应商却仍旧在原地踏步走。在面对企业用户已经不再需要空洞的理念的时候,CRM供应商却不能深入的讲如何结合企业的实际业务流程来实现CRM企业,而还是在反反复复的讲着陈旧的老调。而且,在企业用户越来越重视CRM并且不仅仅把CRM看作是一套系统,而更多的是企业的CRM战略和流程的时候,我们的CRM供应商却还在以一种产品的方式去提供CRM服务。于是,在这个市场上出现了很多情况,而这些情况直接体现着国内CRM行业发展的弊端。 恶意价格竞争怪圈在国内的CRM市场上,经常会出现多家供应商一起投标的情况,毕竟企业用户也越来越规范,更多的利用招标来有效的寻找和选择最适合自己企业的CRM供应商。问题是在于CRM供应商,在招投标过程中或者抢单过程中,更多的结果是恶意的价格竞争。而这种价格竞争意味着抛弃了服务的价格战,因为价格竞争只好缩减服务的成分,而没有了服务却只有价格竞争这一条道路。进入这样一种恶性循环后,CRM供应商的核心业务开始淡化,产品模式越来越明显,这却造成客户越来越痛苦,项目越来越尴尬,业务增长越来越没有后劲。要改变这种现状,就是要实现产品与服务的剥离,同时也要求CRM服务商能够提炼咨询理论体系与方法论的成熟。 CRM厂商的客户细分做CRM的反而自己没有进行客户细分和客户价值定位,这个是很有趣的现象。虽然CRM供应商在向企业用户灌输CRM的理念,然而他们自己却未必在以此进行运营指导。客户细分,意味着CRM供应商业要关注自己的目标客户分类,了解他们的特征和需求,同时基于客户价值的定位,确定目标客户分类中的价值等级,从而能够有效的提供不同的差异化的服务,使公司运营流程更加有效。 远离了理念的唯技术先进论当CRM供应商在没有理论和方法论的积累的时候,它们就要开始抛弃软性的东西,而开始强调产品。在产品中,它们会喋喋不休的强调技术先进性,形成一种CRM行业内唯技术先进论,好像采取了最先进技术的CRM系统就能够使企业用户实现CRM企业。我们可以揣测出,这种CRM供应商的长期发展一定会有问题的,如果不及时调整的话。 没有了定位的客户抢夺竞争使无可厚非的,但是不能什么客户都去抢一把。在CRM市场不景气的时候,CRM供应商顾不得自己的定位了,而是拼命的夺单,这种抢夺是盲目的,也是不利于CRM行业的有序发展。大部分CRM供应商都能够按照一些基准要素来定位开不同的属于自己定位的市场,好好开发耕耘自己的定位市场,才能够让整个CRM市场变的熙熙攘攘,而不是只有CRM供应商在打来打去。 缺少培训的人才培养体系一个行业的发展,离不开人才的支撑。然而对于国内CRM来讲,CRM专业或者方向的人才教育、培训还是个空缺,CRM方向的职业教育、培训也是个空缺。在没有一个专业人才群体的支撑下,这个行业的发展必然是迟缓或者吃力的。人才培养体系务必需要整个行业的方方面面都参与进来,借企业CRM应用回暖的时机有效的建立起这个体系,从而为CRM行业持续不断的输送人才。 除了销售和利润还有什么? 做国内的CRM行业,除了销售实施之外,缺少了很多原本应该有的东西。在国外,有很多的教育机构、研究机构等会投入很多人力物力来进行CRM的研究和评估,而CRM行业内相关对象也愿意购买这种研究报告,在国外的研究机构能够依靠研究报告良好的生存的时候,中国却还没有一家这样的机构,因为它没有生存的环境。这是需要我们深思的,为什么会没有生存空间?那么,我们国内的CRM,除了销售和利润还有什么? 实施,我可以收费吗? 很多CRM供应商也在说:我的实施是收费!然而,我们强调的是不是安装培训类的实施,而是基于业务流程与系统相互适应相互优化的实施服务。实施与产品的比重还不是一个重量级,而且实施费用的人天金额远远低于国外的人天金额。这个事情说明在企业用户还不太认可接受服务收费的同时,也存在CRM供应商的实施服务过于简单和浅显。至少,我听说过很多2个周、1个月的实施服务,而且还是数家国内知名的CRM供应商。 咨询和培训与CRM系统的平衡我们一直强调CRM系统仅仅作为实现的工具,最主要的是企业的CRM能力和客户执行力,而这一部分,更多的是需要借助于咨询和培训服务。因此,我们要有效的平衡咨询、培训和产品系统,毕竟国内CRM市场还是发展初期阶段,在这个阶段产品的比重不一定要小于咨询培训,也就是说不同阶段不同环境下这种平衡就变得很微妙。 除了产品中国CRM难道就没有什么了? 如果能够理直气壮的回答这个问题,那么国内的CRM市场必然进入了一个良性的自我循环过程。在这个大蛋糕上,产品依托于理论和方法论,同时基于理论和方法论将产品部署为企业的解决方案,研究、教育、培训、咨询、实施、产品等等都将成为中国CRM行业的重要链条。Chinese CRM profession practice reconsideringIs different with two year ago is, now the domestic CRM profession more and more tends to the rationalization, displays in particular on the enterprise users. Prepares to deploy CRM the enterprise are more carries on the internal mobilization and training, the consultation in the earlier period and so on, in the CRM idea and the flow the time which can unfold in the enterprise only then considered deploys C the RM system, moreover the enterprise also even more takes the CRM suppliers successful case and the profession experience. The enterprise now was not listens to consultant to speak the CRM concept, but was the enterprise every ones people all can say the very many related customers degree of satisfaction and the customer related concept, this also was an important symbol.However, our CRM supplier actually still in mark time. Is facing the enterprise users already no longer needed the empty idea time, how the CRM supplier actually cannot penetrate says unifies the enterprise the actual service flow to realize the CRM enterprise, but or in repeatedly was speaking the obsolete same old tune. Moreover, more and more takes CRM in the enterprise users and not merely to regard as CRM is set of systems, what but are more is enterprises CRM strategy and flow time, our CRM supplier actually also in provides the CRM service by one product way. Thereupon, had very many situations in this market, but these situations directly are manifesting the domestic CRM profession development malpractice.The malicious price competition strange circle in the domestic CRM market, frequently can have the situation which many suppliers bids together, the enterprise users also more and more are after all standard, more uses tender effective seeking the CRM supplier which most suits the oneself enterprise with the choice. The question lies in the CRM supplier, in incurs in the tender procedure or snatches in the single process, more results are the malicious price competitions. But this kind of price competition meant has abandoned the service price war, because the price competition has to reduce the service the ingredient, but did not have the service actually only to have the price to compete this path. After enters this kind of vicious circle, the CRM suppliers core business starts to desalinate, product pattern more and more obvious, this actually creates the customer more and more painfully, the project is more and more awkward, the service grows more and more does not have the stamina. Must change this kind of present situation, is must realize the product and service stripping, simultaneously also requests the CRM service business to be able to refine the consultation theory system and the methodology maturity.The CRM merchant customer subdivides makes CRM instead own not to carry on the customer to subdivide with the customer value localization, this is the very interesting phenomenon. Although the CRM supplier in instills into CRM to the enterprise users the idea, however they actually not necessarily in to this carry on the operation instruction. The customer subdivides, meant the CRM supply trade needs to pay attention to own goal customer classification, understood their characteristic and the demand, simultaneously based on the customer value localization, set a target in the customer classification value rank, thus can effective provide the different difference service, causes the company operation flow to be more effective.Was far away the idea only technological advance to discuss when the CRM supplier was not having the theory and the methodology accumulation, they had to start to get rid of the soft thing, but started to emphasize the product. In the product, emphasis technology Sophistication which they can talk endlessly, forms in one kind of CRM profession only technological advance theory, looked like adopts the most advanced technical CRM system to be able to cause the enterprise user to realize the CRM enterprise. We may guess, this kind of CRM suppliers long-term development certainly can have the question, if is inferior to time adjusts speech.The localization customer has not robbed the competition to cause undisputable, but cannot any customer all snatch. Is not booming in the CRM market, the CRM supplier could not give a thought to own localization, but was goes all out to seize the list, this kind robbed is blind, also was is disadvantageous to the CRM profession has the foreword development. The majority of CRM suppliers all can defer to the market which some datum essential factors locates differently belongs oneself locates, develops well does farm work own localization market, only then can let the bustle which the entire CRM market changes, but is not only has the CRM supplier to hit hits. Lacks training a talented person raise system profession development, cannot leave talented persons strut. However says regarding domestic CRM, the CRM specialty or the direction talented person educates, training or a vacancy, the CRM direction vocational education, training also is a vacancy. In under a specialized talented person communitys strut, this profession development inevitably has not been is slow or strenuous. The talented person raise system needs entire profession the aspects all to participation by all means must, borrows the enterprise CRM to be supposed the warm opportunity effective establishment this individual department, thus is the CRM profession continues the unceasing transportation talented person.Also have what except the sale and do the profit?Makes the domestic CRM profession, besides the sales implementation, has lacked the thing which are very many originally should have. In overseas, has the very many educational institution, the development facility and so on can invest the very many manpower physical resource to carry on CRM the research and the appraisal, but in the CRM profession is connected the object also to be willing to purchase this kind of memoir, can depend upon the memoir good survival in the overseas development facility, China actually does not have a such organization, because it does not have the survival the environment.This is needs us to think deeply, why doesnt meet the existing space?Then, our domestic CRM, what also does have except the sale and the profit? The implementation, I may collect fees? The very many CRM supplier also was saying that, My implementation is the charge! However, we emphasize install the training class implementation, but is the implementation service which mutually adapts based on the service flow and the system mutually optimizes. The implementation and the product proportion is not heavyweight, moreover the implementation expense person day amount is lower than the overseas person day amount by far. This matter showed also not too approves while the enterprise users accepts the service charge, also has the CRM suppliers implementation service too simple and is simple. At least, I have heard very for more than 2 weeks, 1 month-long implementation service, moreover or several domestic well-known CRM supplier.The consultation and training and the CRM system balances us always to emphasize the CRM system merely took the realization the tool, most main is enterprises CRM ability and the customer carries out the strength, what but this part, are more is needs to draw support the consultation and the training service. Therefore, we want the effective balance consultation, training and the product system, the domestic CRM market or the development initial period stage, not necessarily must be smaller than after all consultation training in this stage product proportion, in other words under the different stage different environment this kind of balance changes very much subtly.Except product China CRM nothing?If can righteous reply this question, then the domestic CRM market inevitably entered a benign self- cyclic process. On this big cake, the product depends on to the theory and the methodology, simultaneously based on the theory and the methodology the product deployment for enterprises solution, the research, the education, training, the consultation, the implementation, the product and so on all will become the Chinese CRM profession the important chain link.1 本课题所涉及的问题在国内(外)的研究现状综述从2000年到今天,CRM在中国已经走过了2年多的历程。这2年可以用“发展迅猛 趋向成熟”这8个字来描述。长期以来,中国的企业生存在卖方市场条件下形成的营销体系、不甚健全的市场反应机制、基础薄弱的企业信息化建设和中国特色明显的管理体制,是建设现代企业机制的四大“死穴”,但人们发现,借助CRM,以营销环节的信息化、科学化,可以拉动整个企业管理体制和水平的进步。因此,中国企业对CRM由畏惧和新鲜,变为一种渴求。 从早年跨国公司对中国CRM市场的开拓,到现在用友、金蝶、联成互动、创智、星际网络等公司的百花齐放。根据应用规模,CRM可分为三类:最大的是以全球企业或大型企业为目标客户的企业级产品,其次是以200人以上、跨地区经营的企业为目标客户的中端产品,第三是以200人以下企业为目标客户的中小企业产品。但中国市场的现实是,一方面国内企业的绝对规模在国际企业的参照系中都要“降级处理”,大多数属于中小企业甚至“超小型企业”;另一方面,即使是在规模较大的中国企业内部,组织体系、业务交叉和流程管理的复杂程度也远逊于国外。于是,对于中国企业而言,国外产品的设计理念和研发思路很可能过于复杂和“超前”,而且价格不菲。另外,中国企业实施CRM是业务流程重构的开端,整个过程需要有CRM开发商有力的服务支持和技术参与,这样才能保证CRM模块的伸缩性和实用性。然而基于收益的因素考虑,国外厂商和国内综合型开发商很难对绝大多数中国企业客户保持这样的耐心,真正实用且实惠的专业服务,只能来自于本土的CRM专业厂商。今天的中国市场,迫切需要能够得到企业部门普遍认同的应用模块。19971999年,全球CRM市场平均每年呈现出91%的增长率,相比较于IT业12%的平均增长率,CRM无疑是增长最快的领域之一。而到2005年,CRM市场 步入成熟期,将带来大约总计140亿美元的收入。相形之下,虽然亚太地区及中国市场在2000年达到了33.5%的高增长率,但受到基数影响,市场总额也只有3.3亿美元。也就是说亚太及中国CRM市场的存量是预估增量的1/45,巨大的差距,蕴藏着同样巨大的机遇。随着中国加入WTO所产生的竞争环境的变化和中国企业信息化进程的不断推进,客户关系管理(Customer Relationship Management)已经成为企业管理信息化的重要组成部分。作为全球发展最热门的客户关系管理产业,短短几年的时间里,在中国的发展非常迅猛。 2 设计(论文)要解决的问题和拟采用的研究方法该论文要解决的问题主要有:CRM系统规划阶段如何准确地确定其子模块及其所要完成的功能;数据库设计阶段如何更为详细地建立数据库并确定基本表的属性;测试阶段,考虑采用何种方式,能更好地起到完善系统的功能。如何明确系统的开发内容:如何控制CRM开发的过程:解决思路:1. 根据企业对该系统的需求,归纳出其具有的基本子系统组成和相应的应实现的功能2. 本系统较为详细的表单结构,能为企业收集更多的信息3. 采用了ASP.NET web设计技术、C#语言、DreamWeaver网页设计工具和SQL Server 2000网络数据库,实现了本CRM系统的基本功能。4. 系统测试中采用了白盒测试方法,用实例来验证功能,如不为空等等。3 本课题需要重点研究的、关键的问题及解决的思路本系统重点研究的重点是如何实现客户管理系统基本功能的需求。其中出现的关键问题是:1. 如何实现对数据库的基本操作(存取、修改和查询)。2. 如何设计友好的界面3. 如何实现系统功能解决的思路用流程图表示如下: 客户 活动 销售 服务 费用分析 报表 E-mail管理图1 客户关系管理模块展开结构4完成本课题所必须的工作条件(如工具书、实验设备或实验环境条件、某类市场调研、计算机辅助设计条件等等)及解决的办法工作的软硬件环境:硬件要求:1、 CPU: AMD Sempron(tm) Processor 2600+ 1.61GHz (最好Intel Pentium 4 3.5GHz) 2、 内存:128 MB (最好512 MB) 3、 磁盘空间: 250 MB(完全安装) 155 MB(快速安装)4、 显示: 1024*768, 1024 colors 5、 CD-ROM/DVD-ROM: required 软件要求:1、 MicroSoft Windows XP + SP22、 MicroSoft Internet Explorer 6.0 3、 IIS 5.04、 其它: MDAC 2.6 Beta 2 5设计(论文)完成进度计划 2006.2:查阅相关参考资料,学习掌握SQL Server 2000 的基本使用;深入学习ASP.NET,掌握ASP.NET; 2005:了解、收集客户关系管理系统需求,查阅相关资料,撰写文献综述、开题报告、需求规格说明书; 2000:完成系统设计,编写系统设计说明书、详细设计说明书,编写试验程序对关键设计进行检验; 2000:编写程序,完成测试; 2000:撰写毕业设计说明书,完成初稿; 2000:修改毕业设计说明书,参加答辩。6指导教师审阅意见指导教师(签字): 年 月 日7教研室主任意见 教研室主任(签字): 系(签章) 年 月 日说明:1. 本报告必须由承担毕业设计(论文)课题任务的学生在接到“毕业设计(论文)任务书”、正式开始做毕业设计(论文)的第2周或第3周末之前独立撰写完成,并交指导教师审阅。2.每个毕业设计(论文)课题撰写本报告一份,作为指导教师、教研室主任审查学生能否承担该毕业设计(论文)课题任务的依据,并接受学校的抽查。文献综述摘要:本文介绍了客户关系管理的基本定义,特征,阐述了客户关系管理的基本指标和CRM的核心优势。关键词:客户关系、管理系统、CRMCRM(客户关系管理)是英文Customer Relationship Management 的缩写。CRM的定义有许多,以下几种定义从不同角度分析了CRM的含义:CRM是通过赢得、发展、保持有价值的客户,增加企业收入,优化盈利性,提高客户满意度的商务战略。通过获得更多的客户线索、更广泛地共享客户信息,协同工作,增加收益,提高给客户的价值,实现企业和客户的双赢。企业希望通过CRM系统能够了解更多的客户的需求,从而为客户提供个性化的产品和服务,提高客户满意度,与此同时也能够获得更大的利润。CRM是选择对待客户的方式和从客户身上得到的收益,CRM是关于理念、组织和技术的基础,从而将所有的业务过程围绕着各个不同客户的需求进行。CRM是一种旨在健全、改善企业与客户之间关系的新型管理系统。指的是企业利用信息技术,通过有意义的交流来了解并影响客户的行为,以提高客户招揽率、客户保持率、客户忠诚度和客户收益率。CRM是一种把客户信息转换成良好的客户关系的可重复性过程。利用激励因素来刺激客户进一步消费,并激发其感激心理,对保持长期的销售和提高客户保持率十分重要。CRM是建立在信息技术平台上,分析并影响拥护消费行为的管理技术。具有以下特征:(1)确定客户满意度、(2)对客户构成进行分析、(3)深度分析利润构成、(4)分析的连续性、(5)巩固与现有客户的忠诚度。其他 以上各种定义对客户关系的概念理解是明确、一致的,即客户关系是客户与企业发生的所有关系的综合,是公司与客户之间建立的一种相互有益的关系。综合所有CRM的定义,我们可以将其理解为理念、战略、技术三个层面,正确的战略、策略是CRM实施的指导,信息系统、IT技术是CRM成功实施的手段和方法。其实,企业实施CRM主要有6
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