八年级英语上册 Unit 4 Inventions学案（无答案）（新版）牛津深圳版.doc

unit4 inventions知识探究step one getting ready 1.listen to advertisements for four funny inventions.advertisement 可数名词“广告”an advertisement advertisements 缩写为 adseg. they will put an advertisement in the newspaper.there are too many advertisement on the tv.advertising 不可数名词 “广告，广告业”，是广告的总称。eg. advertising is everywhere. advertise 动词，“做广告，登广告”可做及物或不及物动词。eg. they advertised the new car. he advertised for a new job.funny形容词“有趣的”，在句中作定语或表语。fun 名词 “乐趣”eg. he told me a funny story.i think the film is very funny.we had a lot of fun at the party.拓展：funny money 伪钞 funny paper 连环漫画栏 funny car 腊肠型赛车 funny farm 精神病院 funny book 连环画刊2.write a short article about a new invention that you will create.create 及物动词“创造，创作” 指经过努力让事物从无到有或从粗糙到完美，对象可以是具体的或者抽象的。eg. he created many famous plays. he created the wonder.拓展：create 作可数名词“创造物，作品”作不可数名词 “创造，创建” creator可数名词 “创作者” creative 形容词 “有创造力的”eg. the creator created the creation. he is creative.辨析：create 与makecreate 创造出原来不存在的东西 make 通过工作制造出某种东西eg. who created the world. he made the watch.【随堂练】：一、用所给词的适当形式填空。heisan (invent),he (invent)lotsof (invent).2.shewas (born)inchina.3.she (realize)shewaswrongyesterday.4.the (price)issohigh,itisso .5.surfingtheinternetisp amongteenages.6.theideaisp ,wewilltakethisdiea.7.thistoyiss ,andihaveneverseenitbefore.8.shecreatedmanyfamousworks,andshewas .(create)二、完成句子1. 自那以后,我就已经学会照顾自己. , i have learnt to take care of myself.2. 我们已经三年没有联系了.we each other for three years.3.请远离毒品,学会保护自己.please drugs, and learn to protect yourself.4.我们很相爱,同时,我们互相照顾对方.we love each other, we take good care of each other.5.勤劳在白天,作息在晚上.work ,and rest at night.step two reading& listening3 telephone可数名词 “电话，电话机”缩写形式phoneeg. i dont have a telephone.tony often talks with me on the telephone.动词 “打电话” eg. i telephone my grandma every week.拓展：“给某人打电话”表达 telephone/phone sb call sb (up) give sb a call make a telephone call to sb eg. i often telephone/phone my parents on weekends. please call me (up) this evening. please give me a call when you get home. my best friend often makes a telephone call to me.4.they help people live a better life.live 及物动词 “过的生活” live a lifeeg. live a good/rich/poor life. 5.after its invention, traveling became faster and more fortable 形容词 “舒适的，舒服的” 反义词 uncomfortablecomfort 名词和动词 “舒适，安慰”comfortably 副词eg. i like comfortable life. i feel uncomfortable now. i want to go home. the new car becomes more comfortable.中考链接： what he said made everyone feel .a. comfort b. comfortable c. comforting d. comfortably6.in the early 19th centurycentury 可数名词 “世纪，百年” 一世纪指一百年，不指具体时间，只指时间段eg. he was born in the 20th century.two centuries later, people still remember him.拓展：twentieth-century “20世纪的” 是一个序数词+名词构成的形容词，作定语。 “在第几世纪”必须用序数词，而且应在序数词前加定冠词the eg. it was a twentieth-century invention. in the 21st century in the mid-19th century/in the middle of the 19th century7.alexander graham bell invented one of the first practical telephones in 1876.invent 及物动词 “发明”eg. do you know who invented computer? he invented a green car.辨析 invent 与 discoverinvent “发明”指客观上没有，发明以前未曾有过的东西，如新工具，新方法discover “发现” 指发现客观上已经存在，但不为人知的事物eg. gilbert discovered electricity, but edison invented the electric light bulb.8.since then, people have been able to speak to each other over long distances.distance 可用作可数名词和不可数名词 “距离”eg. keep a safe distance between cars. what is the distance from here to your school?拓展： 与distance 相关的表达at a distance 隔一段距离 in the distance 在远处from a distance 从远处 out of distance（from）离太远，达不到9.they allow people to keep in touch with each other anytime, anywhere. allow及物动词， “允许”allow sb to do sth “允许某人做某事” 动词不定式作宾语补足语。eg. my parents dont allow me to go out at night.do you allow us to watch tv?拓展：allow doing sth 允许做某事 be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事eg. he doesnt allow smoking here. passages are not allowed to smoke.中考链接： take time to relax by listening to music, reading a book or just spending some time alone. relaxing allows you to your studies with more energy. a. return b. to return c.returningkeep in touch (with sb) “与保持联系” = stay in touch (with sb)eg. we should keep in touch with each other. well always keep/stay in touch.10.thomas edison developed the first practical light bulb in 1879. develop 及物动词 “开发，研制” eg. we need to develop solar energy. they are developing a new car. 拓展：develop 还可用作不及物动词， “发展” developed 形容词 “发达的”developing 形容词 “发展中的” development 名词“发展，开发” eg. everything develops. the us is a developed country, india and china are developing countries.中考链接： its helpful to a good habit of reading in language learning. a.take b.show c. develop d.math11.with light bulb, people can do as many things in the evenings as they can in the daytime. daytime 不可数名词，意为“白天，日间” in the daytime 在白天 tigers and foxes often sleep in the daytime.he works in the daytime and helps me with my housework in the evening.12.the new cars made loud noises and frightened them. make noises “发出噪音，弄出声音” make （a）noisedont make noises. your father is sleeping.辨析 noise, voice 与soundnoise噪音，喧闹声指吵闹、喧哗声，往往是不和谐、不悦耳的声音voice噪音尤指人或动物特有的声音，如说话声、歌声、笑声等sound声音泛指自然界中的一切声音he always makes loud noises.she often talks in a low voice.light travels faster than sound.中考链接：stop making so much . the children are sleeping.a. voice b. noise c.sound13.i suppose that people could only drive in the(4)daytime because those cars didnt have lights. suppose及物动词 “认为，猜想，想象” 后接从句作宾语，常和“suppose+sb+（+to be）+形容词/名词”结构作同义句转换。suppose，think，believe等后跟宾语从句时，主句的主语是第一人称时，若变为否定句，必须否定前移，即把否定句转移到主句上来。 do you suppose yes, i suppose so / no, i suppose not 或 no, i dont suppose so. eg. i dont suppose he is thirty. - do you suppose it is going to rain? -yes, i suppose so / no, i suppose not 或 no, i dont suppose so.拓展：be supposed to do “被要求做某事，应该做某事，被期望做某事”相当于 should do sth eg. teachers are supposed to know a lot.中考链接： you are to type quickly when talking to each other on qq so the other person doesnt get bored. a. suggested b. supposed c. taught d. supported【随堂练】：一、完成句子1. 她住在乡村,我住在城市.she lived ,and i lived in city.2.我们一起走一下吧.let,s .3.很久以前,这里住着公主和王子. ,princess and prince lived here.4.不好意思,我没意识到我错了.sorry, i i was wrong.5.我已经三年没有跟她联系了.i haven,t already her.二、用good,bad,as.as.填空。1.who got a （good） mark in pe,mark or mary?2.who got a （bad）mark in pe,mark or mary?mark got a better mark in pe.3. whose home is （far）from school,mark,s or mary,s?4. who got a （good）mark in pe in your class?5. who got a （bad）mark in pe,in your class.6. whose home is （far）from school,mark,s,lintao,s or mary,s?7. her computer was as （good）as mine.8. the machine can produce as (much) production as hers9. the computer was (good) than that one.step three-listening 讲解1.keep the dust off your shoes keepoff “使不接近（或不接触，远离）”eg. keep it off the shoes. she wears sunglasses to keep the sun off. dust 不可数名词，“灰尘，尘土” throw dust in ones eyes dustbin duststorm2. can look behind and in front of you at the same time. at the same time “同时” 其中same为形容词，在使用前一定要加定冠词the。eg. they arrived at school at the same time yesterday morning. you must hand in your papers at the same time.【随堂练】：一、完成句子1 木马太重了，他们不能随身带走。the wooden hourse was _heavy _them _ _with them.1. 他终于成功地写完了这本书。at last he _ _ _this book.2. 最后制造皇冠的人被送进监狱。in the end the crown-maker _ _ _ _.3. 他自从来到这间学校，认识了许多朋友。he _ _many friends since he _to this school.4. 今晚我不去看电影，因为我看过了。i wont go to the cinema, because i _ _it.5.好久不见，你到哪里去了？i _ _you for a long time. where _you _?step four-speaking writing1. we make our voice rise at the end.辨析rise 与 raiserise不及物动词指自然地上升；表示（太阳、价格等）上升、 （河水）上涨、起立、起床raise及物动词指人为地增加、上涨、升上去等 ；表示举手、升国旗、饲养抚育等意思eg. the moon above the mountains. before you answer the question, you should your hand.2. what do you use it for? 辨析what for 与whywhat.for侧重于问目的，一般不用because回答what do you want a basket for?i want to buy some apples.why侧重于询问原因，一般要用because回答why were you late for school?because i missed the early bus. 3. what is special about it?special 形容词，“特别的，特殊的”辨析 special 与speciallyspecial形容词表示“特殊的，特别的”反义词是ordinary，强调事物特有的性质或专门的目的、用途there is something special you can do in the park.specially副词表示“特别的，尤其”i came here specially to see you.中考链接： what was jim wearing in the party?nothing .he was in his usual shirt and jeans.a. special b. simple c. important d. interesting 4. if you shout “fly”, the car will turn into a plane in 30second. turn into “变成，成为” eg. the sofa turns into a bed.the robot turns into a huge spider soon.拓展：turn away 把打发走 turn on 打开 turn off 关上 turn up 调大 turn down 调小 turn over 翻身【随堂练】一、单项选择1.we_berudetoourparents.a.oughtb.oughttoc.oughtnotd.oughtnotto2.iwouldlike_anenglishsongforyou.a.singb.tosingc.singingd.tosinging3.remember_himaboutitwhenhecomesback.sure,iwill.a.tellb.totellc.tellingd.totelling4.jilldenied_thevasebutsheadmitted_thevase.a.tosteal,seeingb.stealing,toseec.tosteal,toseed.stealing,seeing5.liumeiiseven_atsingingthandancing.a.goodb.betterc.bestd.thebest6.guangzhouisoneof_intheworld.a.thebiggestcityb.strongestcitiesc.richestcitiesd.themostcrowdedcities7.ihavetaughtenglishinthisschool_1980.itwasthirtyyearsago.a.afterb.inc.sinced.for8.when_mr.green_toaustralia?-he_thereforamonth.hewillbebacktomorrow.a.hasgone;hasgoneb.hasbeen;hasbeenc.didgo;hasbeend.didgo;hasgone9._poorchildtheboyis!a.howb.whatac.whatd.howa10._niceweatheritis!a.howb.whatac.whatd.howa11.liumingstudiesvery_,andhe_watchestvathome.a.hard;hardlyb.hardly;hardc.hard;hardd.hardly;hardly12.danielisa_cook.hecancookvery_.a.well;goodb.good;wellc.good;goodd.well;well13.inmyhome,meals_often_bymymother.a.is;cookb.are;cookc.is;cookedd.are;cooked14.thegirl_lotsofquestionsbythepolicemanyesterday.a.willaskb.isaskedc.askedd.wasasked15.lightsmust_beforeyouleavetheroom.a.beturnoffb.turnedoffc.beturnedoffd.beturned 二、书面表达请以thelifeinthefuture为题写一篇记叙文，按下列提示完成。1.可以想象一下：未来的生活将会是什么样子的呢？2.具体介绍一下未来的生活，很多事情都由计算机或机器人来完成。例如：料理家务、购物、网上聊天、不出门就可以看医生、打扫卫生、做饭等。3.为了未来的生活，现在我们应该努力学习，实现理想。_onepossibleversionthelifeinthefuturewhatdoyouthinkthelifeinthefuturewillbelike?inthefuturetherewillbecomputersinourhomes.computerswillhelpustoknowalotovertheworld.wewillbeabletotalkbye-mail.scientistswillmakemanyrobots.robotscanhelpustodosomecleaning,dosomecookingordosomewashing.wecandosomeshoppingandseeadoctorwithoutgoingoutofourhomes.thelifeinthefuturewillbegood.forthis,wewillstudyhard.ibelievewellbeabletodothisstep five-more practice 讲解1 it sometimes made a mess on the paper.辨析 sometimes, some times, sometime, some timesometimes频度副词有时表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，它可位于句首句中或句末。对它提问常用 how oftensome times名词短语几次；几倍time 是不可数名词，对它提问常用how many times sometime副词某时表示某个不确切的时间，常与将来时或过去时连用。对它提问常用whensome time名词短语一段时间句中谓语动词常为延续性动词。对它提问用 how long 口诀：分开为“一段”（some time），相连是“某时”（sometime）。 分开s 是“倍，次”（some times），相连s是“有时”（sometimes）eg. sometimes she has lunch at school.ive been to the museum some times.ill visit daming sometime this summer vacation.she has lived here for some time.2. zhuge liang used such lanterns to give signals in battles. 辨析 such 与sosuch形容词，修饰名词such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数such+形容词+不可数名词such+形容词+复数名词so副词，修饰形容词或副词so+形容词/副词so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数so+many/few/much/little+可数名词复数/不可数名词 拓展：1.such与so接单数可数名词时，意思相同such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词=so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数 she is =she is 她是一个如此好的女孩。 2.名词被many, much, few, little 修饰时，需用sothere are many visitors in our school today. 口诀： 名前such,形副so, 多多少少也用so little属特殊，“小”用such“少”用so中考链接： why do you speak in a loud voice? because i want to make myself clearly.a. such; hear b. so ; heard c. such ; heard d. so ; hear 3. the kongming lantern led to the invention of the hot-air ballon. lead to 意为“导致，引起，通向” 后跟名词或代词，过去式为led。 all roads lead to rome. eating too much junk food can lead to some health problems.拓展： lead sb to do sth “带领某人做某事”eg. he led us to finish the work lead a life “过生活” eg. every day i lead a busy life.单元语法形容词与副词同级比较1. 两者相比（甲=乙）用“as +形容词/副词原级+ as”表示。如：my english is as good as my brothers.我的英语和我弟弟一样好。dick can type as fast as his uncle.迪克打字和他叔叔一样快。 2. 两者相比（甲乙）用“as / so +形容词/副词原级+ as”表示。如：mary is not as / so tall as her sister.玛丽不比她姐姐高。the girl in red didnt make the model plane as / so well as you.穿红衣服的那个女孩没有你做的模型飞机好。 3. 成倍优势的比较问题。（1）“倍数+ as as”。如：our school is three times as large as theirs.我们学校是他们学校面积的3倍。this lift runs twice as fast as that one.这个电梯是那个电梯速度的2倍。（2）“倍数+ the size / length / width / height / depth of”。如：our school is three times the size of theirs.我们学校的面积是他们学校的3倍。the new road is four times the width of the old one.这条新路的宽度为那条老路的4倍。以上结构可以转化为“净倍数+比较级+ than”，表达同样的意思。试比较：our school is two times larger than theirs.我们学校比他们学校大2倍。the new road is three times wider than the old one.这条新路比那条老路宽3倍。因此，在这种情况下使用比较时，要特别注意倍数的数量问题，要特别注意倍数的数量问题，要剔除基准数。换言之，在“倍数+ as as”中的倍数为n，在“净倍数+比较级+ than”中，净倍数应为n-1。 4. 名词置于as as之间的特点。在该结构中，所用的名词一般是可数名词，且常需不定冠词分隔形容词和名词。如：as good a teacher as my father父亲般的好老师as experienced an engineer as dicks brother 像迪克弟弟一样有经验的工程师 5. as as结构引导从句，所接代词格的选择。在口语中，一般常用宾语。如：you cant expect to type as fast as me (= as i do).你不能指望和我打字一样快。she is not as clever as dick (= as he is).她不像迪克那样聪明。在容易引起歧义的情况下，需合理选用所属格。试比较：you hate him as much as me ( = you hate me).你讨厌他就像讨厌我一样。you hate him as much as i (= i hate him).你像我一样讨厌他。由此可见，不同属格，意义迥异。注意：1在表示“和一样”时可用“asas”结构(前面的as后要用原级)：he is as busy as ever他还是和以前一样忙。we11 give you as much help as we can我们将尽量帮助你。his hands are as cold as ice他的手冰冷。the airport was as crowded as ever机场还像平常那样拥挤。2在表示“不像那样”时可用“not as(so)as”：it is not as cold as in geneva这里不像日内瓦那样冷。jack isnt as(so)old as he looks杰克不像他看起米那么老。i in not so(as) experienced as you think我不像你想的那样有经验。she is not so talkative as before她不像以前那样爱说话了。3这种结构中也可包含一个状语：the whale was twice as long as her boat那条鲸鱼有她的船两倍长。my command of english is not half so good as yours我英文掌握得还不及你一半好。their horse is about three times as big as ours他们的房子有我们房子三倍大。weve produced ten times as much cotton this year as we did twenty years ago我们今年生产的棉花是20年前的十倍。4在这类结构前还可以加almost，just，nearly或quite这些副词：he was almost as diligent as his sister他几乎像他姐姐一样勤奋。mary was just as busy as before玛丽还是像以前那样忙。she was nearly as tall as her mother她几乎像她妈一般高了。the hotel was not quite as good as they had expected那家旅馆完全不像他们预料的那样好。5asas还可用在许多固定说法中：as brave as a lion as bright as dayas busy as a bee as cheerful as a larkas clear as crystal as cunning as a foxas fat as a pig as gentle as a lambas vain as a peacock as tough as leathe