高考英语阅读理解巩固精品练习题（12）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解巩固精品练习题（12）及答案阅读理解d a small town in southwest britain is banning (禁止) plastic bags in an attempt to help the environment and cut wastea step that environmentalists believe is a first for europe.shopkeepers in modbury population 1,500, agreed to stop handing out disposable plastic bags to customers on saturday. they said paper sacks and cloth carrier bags would be offered instead. last month, san francisco became the first u.s. city to ban plastic grocery bags. internationally, laws to discourage the use of plastic bags have been passed in parts of south africa and ireland, where governments either tax shoppers who use them or fine companies that hand them out. bangladesh already bans them, and so do at least 30 remote alaskan villages.modbury, about 225 miles southwest of london, has also declared a bag ammesty (宽限期), allowing local people to hand in plastic bags that have piled up at home. they will be sent for a recycling.the modbury ban was the idea of rebecca hosking, who saw the effect of bags on marine life while working in the pacific as a wildlife camerawoman. she said response in the town so far had been “really positive”.“modbury is quite an old-fashioned town and a lot of people have wicker(柳条) baskets to go out shopping anyway,” hosking told sky news television.the world watch institute, an environmental research agency, states that 100 billion plastic bags are thrown away each year in the united states alone. more than 500 billion are used yearly around the world.52. what was rebecca hosking?a. a photographer. b. a woman scientist. c. a sailor. d. a lawyer.53. the underlined word “disposable” in the passage probably means .a. acceptable b. valuable c. environmentally-friendly d. long-lasting54. it can be inferred from the passage that . a. most of the people in modbury continue to use plastic bagsb. fewer and fewer plastic bags will be used in the worldc. san francisco is the first city to ban plastic bags in the worldd. most countries in the world have passed laws to ban plastic bags55. which of the following would be the best title of the passage?a. environmental protection b. big cities banning plastic bagsc. british town banning plastic bags d. effect of plastic fags on sea animals52.a第五段说她是野生动物摄影师，在太平洋区域工作。53.d从语境和生活常识可知，塑料袋是不可分解的物质，对环境的影响和破坏大，由此判断其含义是d。54.b本文介绍世界各国限制使用塑料袋的法令。从这些叙述看，随着这些限塑令的出台，使用的塑料袋将越来越少。55.c这是一篇时文报道，介绍英国一个小镇出台的限塑令，同时说在世界各地，比如美国的旧金山，南非、爱尔兰、孟加拉国等地都有相似的法规。文章以英国小镇为依托来讲述这些情况，因此本文的标题应该选c。第三部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(a、b、c、d)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。a(2012吉林省重点中学协作体适应性测试二)more than three billion people are at risk from indoor air pollution because of the heating or cooking fuels they use. most live in africa, india and china. they use wood, crop waste, animal waste or coal. these solid fuels may be the least costly fuels available. but they are also a major cause of health problems and death.the aprovecho research center has been designing cooking stoves for the developing world. people having less money use wood or biomass for cooking; the richer people use oil and gas. its estimated that wood is running out more quickly than oil and gas.the group has made stoves using mud, bricks, sheet metal, clay, ceramics and old oil drums. most of the stoves look like large, deep cooking pots. they have an opening at the bottom for the fire and a place on the top to put a pot.in the late 1970s, aprovecho produced a popular stove called the lorena. the lorena was good at reducing smoke and warming homes. but new tests years later found that it was not efficient. the lorena used twice as much wood as an open fire, and it took much longer to heat food. since then, they have experimented with countless other designs.their goal is to make an inexpensive stovelets say five dollarsthat makes little smoke, and its safe for health and reduces global warming and deforestation(采伐森林)aprovecho has now partnered with a stove manufacturer in china. the company is making aprovechos first mass produced stoves. they are said to use 40%50% less wood than an open fire, and produce 50%70% less smoke. a company called stovetec is selling them through its website for less than ten dollars. dean still says that more than one hundred thousand have been sold so far.56the underlined word “biomass” in paragraph 2 refers to_.a. oil and gasb. woodc. coald. crop waste or animal waste答案：d猜测词义题。根据“the richer people use oil and gas”可以排除a选项。第一段中介绍发展中国家的人们使用wood, crop waste, animal waste or coal, 而biomass所在的句子为people having less money use wood or biomass for cooking, 故可排除b选项，煤炭也是需要花钱的，因此最便宜的燃料除了木头就是crop waste, animal waste。57the following sentence is taken from the passage, it should be placed at the end of_.the world health organization estimates that over 1,500,000 people a year die from breathing smoke from solid fuels.a. paragraph 1. b. paragraph 2.c. paragraph 3. d. paragraph 4.答案：a文章结构题。由第一段最后一句“but they are also a major cause of health problems and death.”可知这些燃料会产生很多健康问题甚至造成死亡，而题干中的句子是以具体举例来说明这些燃料的危害的，所以答案选a项。58stoves designed by the aprovecho research center should be_.luxuriouscostlyefficientlowcarboncleanera b.c d.答案：b推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容可知，该研究中心设计的炉子应该具有价格优廉、效率高、低碳、清洁的特点。阅读理解ethe penny is getting a change. the united states mint (制币厂) revealed four new designs for the 1-cent piece, to celebrate the coming 200th anniversary of president abraham lincolns birth. united states mint director ed moy announced the new looks for the penny today in front of the lincoln memorial in washington, d.c. these coins are a tribute (赞辞) to one of our greatest presidents, whose legacy (遗教) has had a lasting impact on our country, moy said.the heads side of the new pennies will continue to bear the profile (侧面) likeness of president lincoln and the motto in god we trust. the back sides will pay tribute to four major parts of lincolns life.the first redesigned penny will feature a log cabin that represents lincolns birthplace, near hodgenville, kentucky. the second design shows lincoln reading a book while sitting on a log with his ax beside him. it shows how young lincoln educated himself while working as a rail-splitter in indiana. the third design shows lincoln as a young man in front of the capitol (议会会堂) in illinois. the fourth and final design shows a half-finished united states capitol dome, which was completed in 1863 despite the violent civil war. the writing, on the back sides of the coins will remain united states of america, e pluribus unum and one cent. the first penny will be released into circulation on february 12, 2009, lincolns 200th birthday. this day is also the 100th anniversary of the release of the first penny, on february 12, 1909. one new coin will be released into circulation every three months in 2009.this is an important occasion in the history of our nations coin-age because these designs represent the first change in the lincoln cent in half a century, said director moy. a commemorative (纪念性的) lincoln silver dollar will also be released in 2009. 56. why does the united states mint get the lincoln cent changed? _a. because the design is out of date. b. because the design doesnt match lincolns life.c. because the old coin is hard to be released into circulation. d. because the country wants to honour lincoln on his 200th birthday.57. which is the correct order of the new coins according to the description in the passage?a. a, b, c, d b. b, a, d, c c. c, d, a, b d. b, c, a, d58. how many new lincoln coins will be released in 2009? _a. one. b. three. c. four. d. five. 59. all the newly designed coins feature the following except _. a. the profile likeness of president lincoln b. the motto in god we trustc. the portrait of young abraham lincoln d. the writing united states of america60. which of the following does penny image 4 show? _a. professional life in illinois. b. presidency in washington, dc. c. formative years in indiana. d. birth and early childhood in kentucky.56. d。细节题。根据第一段第二句可知：为了庆祝林肯诞辰200周年美国造币厂将一分硬币改变图案设计。57. b。图文转换题。根据第三段对四枚硬币的描述，第一枚是关键词是“小木屋”；第二枚的关键词是“坐在圆木上看书”；第三枚的关键词是“年青的林肯在伊利诺斯议会会堂前”；第四枚的关键词是“未竣工的美国国会大厦”。58. d。细节题。短文最后一句“在2009年将发行一枚林肯纪念银币”，再加上文中提到的四种硬币，合计为五枚。59. c。细节题。根据第三段对第二枚和第三枚硬币的描述可知：只有两枚硬币中有林肯年青时的肖像。60. b。推测题。根据短文对第四枚硬币的描述，此枚硬币所反映的主题是林肯在华盛顿特区当总统期间的生活侧面。 第一节：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a，b，c，d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 (a)(you may read the questions first.)pearlcorder s702this simple model at the bottom of the olympus range scored the most points for its excellent quality of recording. background noise hardly affects the sound and recording from a pocket is perfectly possible, but it doesnt turn off automatically.price: $64tape length: 30 minutes per side. weight: 240g.sony m9small and very good looking. sonys latest offering scored most for appearance. sounds clear, but there is slight machine noise. the big control buttons are a great improvement on some of the complicated little controls on other tape-recorders. doesnt switch off automatically but a red light shows if the machine is still running.price: $ 49. 95tape length: 60 minutes per side. weight: 195g.sony m400lots of little control buttons that make a noise and are difficult to use. recording was good but machine noise lost points. tape counter and automatic switch-off when tape has finished recording or rewinding are useful.price: $ 115 tape length: 60 minutes per side. weight: 230g.imperial oem mc7cheap and simple compared with the rest, but recording was good as long as there was no background noise. use only its own make of cassette. no light to show it is on, no fast forward button and the record button makes a loud noise.price: $ 29. 95tape length: 30 minutes per side. weight: 285g.philips 585handsome and simple to use, but recording is very poor at more than the recommended distance of 5 cm-designed for dictation. no recording light.price: $80tape length: 15 minutes per side. weight: 220g.copyright 1995-2007 royal national institute of blind people, registered charity number 226227.56.the machine that produces the best recording with the least unwanted noise is the _.a. pearlcorder s702 b. sony m9 c. sony m400 d. imperial oem mc757. if you want a machine which turns off automatically and weighs very little, you should choose the _.a. pearlcorder s702 b. sony m9 c. sony m400 d. philips 58558. what disadvantage does only the imperial oem mc7 have?a. no light shows when it is on. b. it requires a special cassette.c. it picks up background noise. d. the button makes a noise.【参考答案】56-acb/ b(2012泸州一诊)found a nice hotel but wondering if your room will really fit the bill? launched thursday, room 77 () claims to be the worlds first room search engine.“there are hundreds of sites where you can get information about a hotel, but inside the hotel itself, the rooms are largely_a_black_box，” said kevin fleiss, the sites general manager and vicepresident of product.“often you dont know anything about your room until you really step inside it.” to deal with that problem.room 77 carries out a hotel s floor plan with google maps to determine the exact place of each individual room.based on the request users make (e.g.high or low floor, importance of a view, etc.), room choices are various, each one with a computergenerated, clear image (图像) of the real view.at the hyatt regency waikiki, for example, rooms 1010 and 1410 are both considered grand ocean view double.on room 77, however, you quickly discover that the former looks right into the waikiki police station; the latter, over the top of it.all grand ocean view doubles, it seems, are not equal.at this point, you can only search within a hotel youve reselected, but, still, theres no general hotel search feature and theres no guarantee that youll get the exact room youve chosen (although the company is working on both ideas)there is, however, an ipone app, an especially handy tool when a dishonest front desk clerk claim