复合句.doc

导入：英语句子一般结构：1）主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语(+补语+状语) 2）主语+系动词+表语 3）主语+谓语（vi.）宾语和表语有什么不同?一个名词跟在及物动词后是宾语,跟在系动词后是表语.主题：名词性从句：名词性从句是由连接词whether, if,that和各种疑问代词或副词what,who,which,where, when,how, why等充当连接词所引导的从句, 其功能同名词一样。包括宾从，表从，主从和同位语从句。四种从句的共性:1.引导词基本一样,如that , whether, when ,where, how. 但as if引导的是表语从句. 2.陈述句语序. 3.疑问代词,疑问副词保留自身的疑问含义,如疑问代词who在宾语从句中仍译为是谁,疑问副词where译为哪里. 4.which表示选择,that无意义 5. what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,而that在句子中只起连接作用。例如： (1) What you said yesterday is right. (2) That she is still alive is a puzzle.练习：用That/What填空： 1._ she is to visit the lonely island surprises us.2._ she is to do next week surprises us. 一宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句, 通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。如：I dont remember when we arrived. 宾语从句特点：1有引导词that ，whether, if, who, whose, what ,which ,when ,where, how, why . 在宾语从句中的that可以省略，第2次出现就不能省。如：He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.2.在及物动词或介词之后。3陈述句语序.如:The photographs will show you what our village looks like. 4引导词that与what的区别。what引导宾语从句在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,而that在句子中只起连接作用,无意义。例如： (1) I know that he will come. (2) I dont know what he will choose.5.whether与if同用, 但介词后用whether. It all depends (on) whether they will support us.Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag .二.表语从句 在从句中作表语的从句称作表语从句。表语从句特点：1有引导词that ，whether, as if, who, what ,which ,when ,where, how, why . 在表语从句中的that不能省。2.放在系动词之后, 表示状态持续，变化的系动词有be, stay, keep, remain, get, become, seem,go,感官动词也属系动词如look, sound, taste, smell, feel.等. 3陈述句语序. 4引导词that与what的区别。what引导表语从句在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,而that在句子中只起连接作用,5.表语从句可用whether引导,不用if.6. 有用结构： 1）This/That/It is because 2）The reason is that练一练：1）He was late for school. That was _he got up late2）The reason why he was late for school is _he got up late.3）. China isnt _ she used to be4）. The question is _ you didnt do that in time.because ，that ，what ，that三.主语从句 在从句中作主语的从句称作主语从句。主语从句特点：1有引导词that ，whether, who, what ,which ,when ,where, how, why . 一般情况下主语从句中的that不省略.2.为了避免头重脚轻,往往用it代替主语从句,放在句首,如 It is + 名词/形容词/过去分词+ 主语从句 （有用句型:） It is reported/said/still a question/ that (P306)如: It is still a question whether she will come or not.It is strange that you should like him. It is said / reported that he is the winner.3陈述句语序. 4引导词that与what的区别。what引导主语从句在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,而that在句子中只起连接作用5. whether引导的主语从句可以放在句首, if不能.6.注意： whoever(凡是的人)引导主从和状从, who(谁) 引导主从 no matter who(无论是谁)只引导状从(=whoever)1）._ will go comes here at 7.2）_ will go isnt known.3）._breaks the law must be punished.4）._breaks the law, he must be punished.5）.It _ that what you said is not so reasonable.( 必须指出) must be pointed out6）. It _ that Bush is elected President. 结果是 turned out 7）.It _ whether Tom or Mary teaches us English. (无区别) makes no difference 1.Whoever; 2.Who; 3.whoever; 4.whoever/No matter who四.同位语从句 一般放在名词 fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion, report, hope, belief 等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词. 如：The news that our team has won the match is true.如:1.The thought that we might succeed excited us.2.The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.3.They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.同位语从句特点：1连接词that虽在从句中不充当任何成分,但不省略.2先行词通常是一些具有一定内容含义的概括性名词如:conclusion, evidence, fact, hope, idea, word(news), opinion, problem, promise, reason, truth, 等. 3that 无实际意义,which表选择Word came _ our army defeated the enemy. 4. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句. I have no idea where he has gone./ I have no idea when he did it./I have no idea what he did.5. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：a.同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处1）、两种从句都可以译成定语The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouraging.（定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。2）、两种从句都可以用that引导The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. （同位语从句）学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定语从句）值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。b、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处1）、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.（从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）2）、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充当任何成分） 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）注：名词性从句中的whether与if 的总结： 关联词只能用whether不能用if 表示 “是否”的情况如下：A) 在表语从句和同位语从句中。如：The question is whether the film is worth seeing. The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.B) 在主语从句中，只有用it 作形式主语时, whether和if 都能引导主语从句, 否则, 也只能用whether。如: Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. It hasnt been decided whether (if) we shall attend the meeting.C) 在介词之后。(介词往往可以省略) 如:It all depends (on) whether they will support us.D) 后面直接跟动词不定式时。如： He doesnt know whether to stay or not.E) 后面紧接or not 时。如：We didnt know whether or not she was ready. 关联词if, whether均可使用的情况如下：A) 引导宾语从句。如：I wonder if (whether) the news is true or not.B) 在 “be+形容词” 之后。如：He was not sure whether (if) it is right or wrong. 免歧义时: 表是否就用Whether表如果则用ifI dont care about _ Tom used to be a prisoner. whether巩固练习：1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what3.I have no idea _he will come back.A. where B. when C. what D. that4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A. what B. whether c. that D. which7.The photographs will show you _ （MET89） A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 8.He asked_for a violin.（MET92） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 9.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 10.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 11.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because12. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because13. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if14. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that15. I have the information _. A. of what hell come soon B. that hell come soon C. of that hell come soon D. his coming soon16. - I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad. A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break17.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time. A.how B. that C. when D. what18.- Can I help you? - Yes, do you know _? A. when comes the bus B. when will come the bus C. when does the bus come D. when the bus comes19. He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich. A. that B. if C. what D. that if20. They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall. A. what; that B. it; that C. what; when D. which; what21. That is _ paper came into use in China.A. how B. that C. what D. which22. They have no idea at all _.A. where he has gone B. where did he goC. w