高考英语一轮复习 基础知识巩固一能力提升 北师大版必修4.doc

础知识巩固-能力提升.核心单词识记思考运用一、单词拼写1(2014新课标全国，阅读c)staying with a _(本土的) speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom.2*(2015广东，阅读c)another argument against television is that it _ (取代，代替)reading as a form of entertainment.3(2015新课标全国，阅读c) it is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to _ (挣得)money to support their study.4.(2015江苏，书面表达) the photo drew about 7，000 _(评论) on the social media platform.5.(2015 浙江，11)we tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or _(吸引) to our emotions than for straight facts.6(2015新课标全国，完形)as a parent，i hated seeing my daughter playing her best，but still _(打败)7if the ink sinks in，itll be hard to _(除去) the spot from the cloth.8(2015重庆，阅读a)when everyone else in the class was _(集中)on tasks，i could not.9*(2015湖北，21)when he was running after his brother，the boy lost his _(平衡)and had a bad fall.10(2014大纲全国，30)although you can find _(便宜货)in london，its not generally a cheap place to shop.答案1.ments5.appeal6.defeated7remove8.focusing9.balance10.bargains二、用所给词的适当形式填空1(2015福建，24)the failure was a big blow to him，but he wasnt discouraged and soon got as _(enthusiasm)as ever.2*she is _(shame) of her bad behaviour towards you.3*she couldnt restrain her _(annoy) at the attitude of the applicant.4.(2015新课标全国，七选五) trust is a learned _(behave) that we gain from past experiences.5(2015福建，阅读e) dont let negativity ruin your _(motivate)6we grow a _(various) of crops，including cabbages，wheat and potatoes.7it is universally believed that only reform can serve to raise the _(product) level.8outdoor _(amuse) will relax you after a whole day in the office.9(2015北京，26)in the last few years，china has made great _(achieve)in environmental protection.10according to some philosophers，everything in _(exist) is reasonable.11the puzzle has _ so many _ students in the university，which is really _(puzzle)12he is a _ person and once he _ to do something，he will never change.(determine)13_ experience is often very important and _ is the direct way to get experience.(practice)14.*health _ has increased over the past decade.as a result，smokers are _ of the dangers to their own health.(aware)答案1.duction8.amusements9.achievements10.existence11puzzled；puzzled；puzzling12.determined；determines13.practical；practice14awareness；aware 三、开心词场there is no doubt that money is of great importance in daily life and it is usually a focus of attention at present.to earn more money，some are hardworking and aggressive，who finally become successful businessmen. some are greedy and rude and they never feel ashamed of their bad behaviour.what appeals to them is just money.such people are not really aware that money can not replace everything so they should think twice about money.【联想积累】“代替，取代”词汇清单replace.with/byinstead ofsubstitute with/forin place of/in ones placetake the place of/take ones placebalance短语个个清in the balance 犹豫，悬而未决keep/lose ones balance 保持/失去平衡on balance 总的说来out of balance 失去平衡前缀a高频表语形容词大全alive adj.活的；有活力的asleep adj.睡着的awake adj.醒着的alike adj.同样的，相似的afraid adj.害怕的alone adj.单独的ashamed adj.羞愧的aware adj.清楚的，明白的annoy相关搭配概览be annoyed with sb 生某人的气be annoyed at/about (doing) sth 因(做)某事生气be annoyed to do sth 做某事而生气词汇拓展concern vt.关于，关系到concerned adj.关心的；涉及的concerning prep.关于annoy vt.打搅；使烦恼annoyed adj.烦恼的annoying adj.使烦恼的annoyance n烦恼ashamed adj.羞耻的，惭愧的 shame v使感到羞愧shameful adj.可耻的，丢脸的amusement n乐趣，娱乐活动amuse vt.以自娱，逗乐amused adj.觉得好笑的amusing adj.有趣的，好笑的.重点短语识记思考运用一、补全短语1*_ of work 失业2make/earn a _ 谋生3take _ 轮流4*_ be exact 确切地说5whats _ 而且，此外6*be associated _ 将与联系起来 答案1.out2.living3.turns4.to5.more6.with二、短语填空put off；give away；appeal to；drop out of；be tired of；turn ones back on；dream up；be concerned about1in the old days many girls in the countryside had to _ school. 2.because of the rain the football match has been _3we _ hearing about his trip to india.4the police _ the crowd to keep calm and the problem was being solved.5the millionaire _ most of his money to the poor and now he isnt a millionaire.6you have been _ a romance for me! 7he _ his family when he became famous.8i _ that old man.he looked completely exhausted.答案1.drop out of2.put off3.were tired of4.appealed to5.has given away6.dreaming up7.turned his back on8.was concerned about【联想积累】“out of名词”短语集汇out of breath 上气不接下气out of balance 失去平衡out of stock 脱销out of date 过时out of patience 不耐烦out of control 失去控制out of style 过时，不时髦out of work 失业识记“to be adj.”构成的短语to be exact 确切地说to be honest/frank 说实在的to be brief 简单地说，一句话表示“与有关/ 联系”的短语清单be related to/withbe relative tobe relevant tobe associated withbe connected withbe/get involved in.经典句式识记思考运用1if so，it is time for you to think again.(if的省略结构)如果这样的话，你需要再考虑一下了。仿写put on more clothes._ (如果不这样的话)，you will catch a cold. 2.it is no bigger than a credit card！(no比较级than.与一样不)它和一张信用卡一样，都不大。仿写they are twins and look alike，but he _(一样不聪明)his younger brother.3*there are certainly no signs that charles was a rich man！(that引导的同位语从句)没有确切的迹象表明查尔斯曾经是一个富人！仿写_(消息传来) zhu jun will come to our school.答案1.if not2.is no cleverer than3.word came that【联想积累】教你一招 同位语从句连接词 that 引导同位语从句时，常跟在某些抽象名词如： fact，hope，desire，thought，suggestion，idea，news，problem，possibility，chance，plan，question等词之后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用。同位语从句也可以由连接代词who，what，whose，which；连接副词how，when，where，why或从属连词whether来引导。.单元语法识记思考运用不定代词与不定式单句语法填空1*he hurried to the booking office only _ (tell) that all the tickets had been sold out.2talking about buying cars，i prefer a car less than 100，000 yuan to _ over the amount.3the agreement was made quickly as both sides were satisfied with the conditions of _4*the poem a red，red rose written by robert burns is popular with the chinese young people，because the poem is easy _ (understand)5*_ (save) power，turn off the hot water after you take a shower.答案1.to be told2.one3.the other4.to understand5.to save【联想积累】教你一招 不定式作状语不定式用来作目的状语。作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，往往意为“为了；想要”。不定式作结果状语往往表示意想不到的结果。在“be adj.(pleasant，nice，comfortable，hard，easy等)to do sth”结构中， 常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 单 词 点 睛1determine vt.确定，决定；使下定决心高考例句(2015福建，阅读b)he was determined that none of his children would be denied an education.他肯定他的孩子们将不会拒绝教育。(1)determine on/upon (doing) sth 决定(做)某事determine to do sth 决定做某事(表示动作)(2)determined adj.坚决的；有决心的be determined to do sth 决心做某事(表示状态)(3)determination n决心i have determined _ working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.我已决定毕业后到农村支教。though tom was stubborn，they determined _ (persuade) him to travel together.虽然汤姆很固执，他们决定说服他一起去旅行。_ (determine) to do this on my own，i spent several weeks going doortodoor for a job，but found little response.决定靠自己找一份工作后，我花费了几个星期的时间挨家挨户地找，但是没有得到什么回应。答案on/uponto persuadedetermined【名师点津】强调动作强调状态determine to do sthbe determined to do sthprepare forbe prepared for2.concern vt.使忧虑；与相关 n担心；关心；关系 教材原句some millionaires continue to be concerned about money when they become millionaires.有些人成为百万富翁后还继续为钱烦恼。(1)show/express concern about/for 对表示关心(2)be concerned about/over/for 关心；挂念be concerned with/in 牵扯进/参与as/so far as.be concerned 就而言(3)concerning prep.关于；有关they follow the rules，help out，and are concerned about the people they work with.they follow the rules，help out，and _ the people they work with.他们遵守规则，帮助别人克服困难，关心他们的同事。(2014重庆，写作)as far as _，its wise not to spend much time playing with smart phones. 就我个人而言，不花太多的时间玩智能手机是明智的。all the people _ (concern) with the case will be questioned by the police.所有参与这个案件的人警察都要审问。i am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information _ (concern) the interview.我写信是想知道你是否可能提供给我有关面试的信息。答案show/express concern for/aboutim concernedconcernedconcerning3aware adj.知道的，意识到的 高考例句(2015新课标全国，阅读c)new students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to15，000 in debt. 新来的学生现在都意识到，他们很可能要带着15，000美元的债务离开大学了。in conclusion，people around the world should _ the real situation of water shortage.总之，全世界的人们都应该意识到水资源短缺的真实现状。_，it is necessary to make people aware _ the importance of living a lowcarbon life.据我所知，让人们意识到过低碳生活的重要性是必要的。答案be aware ofas far as im aware；of4bargain vi.& n交易；便宜货；讨价还价教材原句which of the following do most british people bargain for?写出下列句中bargain的汉语意思i picked up a few good bargains in the sale._ive done what i promised and i expect you to keep your side of the bargain._if you bargain with them，they might reduce the price._(1)bargain with sb about/over/for sth 就某物与某人讨价还价(2)make a bargain (with sb) (与某人)成交/达成协议its a (real) bargain.真便宜。my wife often picks up some _ from the market.though cheap，theyre of good quality.last weekend，she _ a salesgirl _ a dress.at last she bought it at only 15 pounds and _我妻子常常从市场买到一些便宜货。虽然便宜，但品质优良。上周末她与女销售员就一件衣服讨价还价，最后她以15英镑买了它。真便宜！答案便宜货；减价品协议；交易讲价；讨价还价bargains；bargained with；over/about/for；it was a real bargain5ashamed adj.羞耻的，惭愧的教材原句she is not ashamed to say she has not got much money.说她没有多少钱，她并不感到不好意思。i was blind，but i was ashamed _ it if it was known.我是个盲人，但我羞于让别人知道这件事。 【辨析比较】ashamed/shamefulashamed指为自己或别人的言行而感到羞耻、惭愧、尴尬等，意为“羞愧的，尴尬的”。通常作表语，主语只能是人。其后可接of、不定式或that从句表示原因shameful指人或行为本身是可耻的、不道德的，具有贬义色彩，意为“可耻的，丢脸的”。主语多为事物或行为。既可作表语，又可作定语the boy was caught cheating in the exam and he was _ of his _ conduct.那个男孩考试时作弊被逮住了，他为他可耻的行为感到惭愧。答案ofashamed；shameful6appeal vi.吸引，引起兴趣；呼吁，恳求 n呼吁，要求 高考例句(2015重庆，阅读b)besides，businesses seek to appeal to customers senses.此外，企业设法吸引客户的感官。(1)make an appeal to sb (for doing sth) 向某人发出(做某事的)呼吁，引起某人(对做某事)的兴趣(2)appeal to sb 使某人喜欢；吸引某人appeal to.against.不服而上诉appeal to sb for sth 向某人呼吁/请求某事一言串记martin luther king appealed to the blacks to appeal to the highest court against racial discrimination，which greatly appealed to the whole world.马丁路德金呼吁黑人向最高法庭上诉反对种族歧视，这引起了全世界极大的关注。【巧学助记】 7.contain vt.包含，含有 教材原句the soil contains materials to keep the natural balance of the area.泥土中有一些物质可以保持这个地区的自然平衡。many spam emails _ computer viruses that can shut down the entire network of a company.许多垃圾电子邮件包含能够关闭整个网络公司的计算机病毒。【辨析比较】contain/includecontain(1)通常用于表示所包含之物的全部或部分(2)含有某种成份(3)表示“容纳”时相当于holdinclude(1)用于指整体包括多少个体或把算入(2)including(介词)n./pron.或n./pron.included作状语the container contains many kinds of fruits，_ apples/apples _容器里盛有许多种水果，其中包括苹果。答案containincluding；included 8.behave vi.举止，表现 教材原句at that time，women were expected to stay at home，take care of their husbands and children，and behave like ladies.那个时候，妇女应待在家里照顾丈夫和孩子，表现得跟淑女一样。(1)behave well/badly (towards) (对)表现好/不好behave oneself 表现得体，有礼貌(2)behaviour n. 行为，举止，态度good/bad behaviour 良好/恶劣行为you had better behave _(you)，otherwise youll be made fun of.你最好规矩一点， 否则人家会取笑你的。parents have the greatest effect on their childrens _(behave) 父母对孩子的行为有最深远的影响。答案yourselfbehavior 9.replace vt.代替，取代，放回原处教材原句well，its a disk to replace our textbook.哦，这是一张可替代我们课本的光碟。(1)replace sth with/by sth 用某物替换某物(2) 代替theyre replacing the old windows _ double glazing. 他们正在用双层玻璃窗替换旧窗户。most scientists agree that computers cannot completely take the place _ human.大多数科学家认为计算机并不能完全代替人。答案withof 短 语 点 拨 1.give away 赠送，捐赠；泄露(秘密)；颁发教材原句therefore he gave away all his money to charities.因此他把所有的钱都捐赠给了慈善机构。写出下列黑体部分的含义she gave away state secrets to the enemy._the mayor gave away the prizes at the school sports day._before the worldfamous scientist was dying，he decided to give away all his prizes to the charity._give off 放出(气味、热、光)give out 分发，分配；发表；散发；精疲力竭，用尽give way to 撤退；让步，让路；让优先give in 屈服，让步the news of the presidents death was _ in a radio broadcast.总统逝世的消息已在电台上播出了。at this climate conference our government _，in order to protect the benefits of other developing countries.在气候大会上，为保护其他发展中国家的利益，我国政府作出了让步。答案泄露颁发捐赠given outgave in【巧学助记】 2.drop out 退出，退学教材原句charles gray decided to drop out and has discovered that having only a little money makes you free. 查尔斯格雷决定退出，他发现仅有少量的钱财可以使人自由。drop by/over 顺便拜访drop in (on sb/at a place) 顺便拜访(某人/某地)drop off 落下；不知不觉入睡；送下车，送到；减少the smiths _ some old friends on their vacation trip to new york.史密斯一家在纽约度假时顺便拜访了几位老朋友。not content with the judge，the three runners _. 因为对裁判不满，三名选手退出了比赛。it is reported that traffic accidents _ evidently since the new rules came into being.据报道，新规则出台后，交通事故明显减少了。答案dropped in ondropped outhave dropped off 句 式 透 析教材原句if so，it is time for you to think again.如果这样的话，你需要再考虑一下了。(1)在表示时间、地点、条件或让步的从句中，如果谓语含有be动词，主语又和主句的主语一致或者从句主语是it (有时是there be)，常可把从句中的主语和be动词省略。i might be away next week._，i wont be able to see you.下星期我可能外出。要是那样，我就见不到你了。work hard _，or youll regret.年轻时要努力工作，否则你会后悔的。(2)某些省略结构经过长期发展而约定俗成，成为固定搭配。what if.? 要是/倘使会怎样？so what? 那又怎样？how come? 怎么会？what for? 为什么？why not.? 为什么不呢？_ she forgets to bring it?要是她忘记带来，会怎么样呢？答案if sowhen (you are) youngwhat if.单句语法填空1organizers appealed _ the crowd not to panic.2the clothes that my mother bought yesterday are easy _(wash)3at the graduation ceremony，our headmaster required us to raise our competitive _(aware) in modern society.4we will adopt his suggestion _ the leading body be recoganized as soon as possible.5i hurried to the airport，only _(tell) that the plane had taken off.6if _(ask) to look after luggage for someone else，inform the police at once.7_(determine) to give up smoking，he threw away his remaining cigarettes.8the booking office sells tickets 3 days _ advance. now we can go and buy one. 9. he behaved _(he)strangely at the party last night.10the exhibition is more interesting than _(expect)答案1.to2.to wash3.awareness4.that5.to be told6.asked7.determined8.in9.himself 10expected.单句改错1.when the boss was out，tom took place of him to manage the company._2the mother told the boy to behave well on the old man._3he did not aware of what had happened._4he made a determining effort to give up smoking._5more and more people are concerned themselves with environmental problems._6as far as i aware，nobody can persuade him to quit smoking._7he is not fit for the job.weve hired a new one in the place of him._8i thought id drop out on you while i was passing._9the box included many kinds of books._10im shameful that i have troubled you so many times._答案1.place前加the2.ontowards/to3.didwas4determiningdetermined5.concernedconcerning6.i后加am7.去掉第二个the8.outin9.includedcontained10.shamefulashamed.完成句子1teenagers who _ high school usually have trouble finding jobs.高中辍学的青少年通常很难找到工作。2the government is _ everyone to save water.政府呼吁大家要节约用水。3there are few people nowadays，_，who remember him.如果有的话，现在很少有人能记起他。4_ you didnt tell me earlier?你怎么不早一点告诉我呢？5the news _ is not true.明天放假的消息不实。答案1.drop out of2.appealing to3.if (there are) any4.how come5.that we are having a holiday tomorrow.单元考点作文串记一、根据提示翻译句子1许多人一心想挣钱。一旦他们阔绰起来，他们会考虑他们要用这些钱做什么。(be determined to do)_ 2.一些人愿意把这些钱捐给那些失业的人。(give away，out of work)_3一些人把自己的资产置于一边，寻求不同的人生幸福。(turn ones back on)_4据我所知，我们应通过辛勤的劳动致富，对财富不要过分贪婪。(as far as i am aware，greedy)_答案1.a large number of people are determined to earn money.once they become wealthy，they are considering how they will use the money.2some like to give away the money to those who are out of work.3others will turn their backs on their fortune and find different ways to be happy in their lives.4as far as im aware，we are supposed to earn money by working hard and we shouldnt be too greedy for wealth.二、加入适当过渡词，连句成篇【参考范文】a large number of people are determined to earn money.once they become wealthy，they are considering how to use the money.some like to give away the money to t