高考英语一轮复习 高中语法8大重点语法项目速通 6.定语从句（二）课件.ppt

语法难点突破之六 定语从句 二 什么是定语 指出下面句子的定语 guilinisabeautifulcity chinaisadevelopingcountry thereare30womanteachersinourschool hisrapidprogressinenglishmadeussurprised ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom 以上句子中的定语都有单词或短语充当 但如果是复杂的定语就应用定语从句 如 住在我们学校的那个老人是个退休工人 theoldmanwholivesinourschoolisaretiredwoker 我哥哥昨天买的那本书非常有趣 thebookwhichmybrotherboughtyesterdayieveryinteresting 二 定语从句的种类 定语从句 therestrictiveattributiveclause限制性定语从句 thenon restrictiveattributiveclause非限制性定语从句 mybrotherwholivesintheusahas6children mybrother wholivesintheusa has6children 限定性定语与非限定性定语从句的区别从形式 连接词 用途 基础知识回顾 定语从句关系词及其意义 关系代词 关系副词 who whom whose which that as when where why who指人 在句中作主语或宾语 theboywhoisstandingunderthetreeisourmonitor whom指人 在句中作宾语 常可省略 whose通常指人 也可指物 在句中作定语 theboywhomispoketojustnowisadmittedtoafamousuniversity thatistheboywhosemotherisadisabledwomen theroomwhosewindowsfacesouthisourdorm which指物 在句中作主语或宾语 常可省略 didyouseetheletterwhichcametoday thisisthebookwhichitoldyouabout that既可指人也可指物 在句中作主语或宾语 作宾语时常可省略 1 i llneverforgetthedays weworkedtogether 2 i llneverforgetthedays wespenttogether 3 iwenttotheplace iworkedtenyearsago 4 iwenttotheplace ivisitedtenyearsago 5 thisisthereason hewaslate 6 thisisthereason hegave when inwhich which where inwhich which why forwhich that which 关系副词when where why 及物动词 及物动词 及物动词 考点与难点归纳 1 that与which的区别2 对theway的考查3 介词 关系词1 对where的考查2 as的使用3 综合考查 考点 难点 1 doyouhaveanything youdon tunderstand 2 theonlything wecandoistogiveyousomeadvice 3 whoistheman isstandingthere 4 herbag in sheputallhermoney hasbeenstolen 5 sheheardaterriblenoise broughtherheartintohermouth that that that which which 考点1 that与which 1 先行词是everything nothing anything something much little none等不定代词或由不定代词any some no much few little every all等修饰时 引导定语从句用that不用which 2 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时 引导定语从句用that 3 先行词中既有人又有事物时 引导定语从句用that 4 先行词被thevery theonly thelast等修饰且指物时 引导定语从句用that 5 当先行词前面有who which等疑问代词时 只用that 填上合适的关系词并分析原因 1 theway heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand 2 theway heexplainedtouswasquitesimple that which 不填 that inwhich 不填 缺状语 缺宾语 考点2 theway用做先行词 3 whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut hesaidit 04湖北 a thewayb inthewaythatc inthewayd thewaywhich 高考题链接 考点3 介词 关系词 1 doyouknowtheboy yourmotheristalking 2 hegavemesomenovels iamnotveryfamiliar 3 istillremembertheday ifirstgottoparis 5 06浙江 iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking thefirst ireallyenjoyed a ofthatb ofwhichc thatd which towhom withwhich onwhich thisisthechildwhom thatiwilltakecareof 4 译 这是我要照顾的小孩 介词 关系代词的情况1 themanwhomyouspokewasascientist thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway to in 考点3 介词 关系词 介词 关系代词的情况2 themanwho whomyouspokewasascientist thecitythat whichshelivesisfaraway to in arethesetwosentencesright 介词 关系代词的情况2 themanwho whomyouspokewasascientist thecitythat whichshelivesisfaraway to in arethesetwosentencesright 介词 关系代词的情况2 themanwho whomyouspokewasascientist thecitythat whichshelivesisfaraway to in arethesetwosentencesright 可见 who that不能用与介词之后 介词 关系代词的情况3 isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor theoldmanwhomiamlookingafterisbetter 在固定短语中介词不能提前 下面两句中的介词能提前吗 关系代词前介词的确定 1 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系 请体会 e g isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles 2 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配 如 e g canyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichi msure 3 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯 请体会 e g 1949wastheyearinwhichthep r c wasfounded 关系代词前介词的确定 4 非限制性定与从句中 要表示先行词的一部分时 可用 数词 代词 of 关系代词 的结构 如 e g thereare50studentsinourclass two thirdsofwhomhavebeentobeijing 关系代词前的介词的确定 5 whose从句可转换为 of 关系代词 型 如 e g theyliveinahouse whosedooropenstothesouth theylivedinahouse ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth theylivedinahouse thedoorofwhichopentothesouth 1 doyoulikethebookshespent 10 2 doyoulikethebookshepaid 10 3 doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot 4 doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks 5 hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies 6 thereisatalltreeoutside standsourteacher 7 chinahasalotofrivers thesecondlongest istheyellowriver 8 thetower peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill 9 theman ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling 10 hepaidtheboy 10forwashingtenwindows most hadn tbeencleanedforatleastayear onwhich forwhich fromwhich aboutwhich throughwhich underwhich ofwhich fromwhich towhom ofwhich 介词 关系代词的情况练习 1 i vecometothepointwhereican tstandhim 2 thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime 我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了 国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中 where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词 但也有特殊情况 难点一 where的用法 解析 如果定语从句分别修饰point situation degree 和case等表示抽象意义的词 常用where引导 意思是 到了某种地步 在某种境况中 注意1 1 wearetryingtoreachapoint bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk 山东 a whichb thatc whered when2 doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself yes there sonepoint wemustinsiston 江西 a whyb wherec howd 高考题链接 做题要灵活 要分析句子成分 选择恰当的关系词 注意 若定语从句缺主语或宾语 用which或that引导定语从句 thelibrary studentsoftenstudywasonfirelastnight thelibrary wasbuiltinthe1930s needsrepairing thelibrary youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990 where which which 注意 区分where引导的定语从句和状语从句 where前面有被修饰的地点名词时 是定语从句 否则是状语从句 whenyoureadbooks youhadbettermakeamarkatthespotwhereyouhaveanyquestions whenyoureadbooks youhadbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions as引导的非限制性定语从句 theearthisround isknowntoall theearthisround isknowntoall isknowntoall theearthisround isknowntoallthattheearthisround it as as it as具有正如之意 与之搭配的动词一般是固定的 如 asyouknow asyousee asweplanned asweexpected 定语从句在句首时只能用as 难点二 as的用法 as与which引导的定语从句的区别 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句 有时可以互换 但下列情况多用as 1 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时 e g asweallknow theearthisround 2 当与such so或thesame连用时 用as e g suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting ihavethesameplanasyou goonplease 3 当从句和主句语义一致时 用as 反之则用which e g shehasmarriedagain aswasexpected shehasmarriedagain whichwasunexpected goonplease 4 as在从句中作主语时 后面常接行为动词的被动语态 如beknown besaid bereported等 如从句中行为动词是主动语态 一般要用which作主语 e g shehasbeenlateagain aswasexpected tomhasmadegreatprogress whichmadeushappy as引导的限制性定语从句 1 thisisthesamepenasilost thisisthesamepenthatilost pleasecompare 这本书和我丢的那本一模一样 这本书就是我丢的那本 as引导的限制性定语从句 2 thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllike thisissointerestingabook wealllike thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllikeit thisissointerestingabook wealllikeit as that pleasecompletethefollowingsentencesandcompare as that 这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书 定语从句 这本书如此有趣 大家都喜欢 结果状语从句 综合考查一 定语从句与强调句 难点三 综合考查 近年来 高考对定语从句和其它从句如 强调句 名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多 这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力 友情提示 itisthehousewhereimettheyoungman where引导定语从句 修饰house where在定语从句中作地点状语 itwasinthehousethatimettheyoungman 本句为强调结构 可还原为imettheyoungmaninthehouse 试比较 where that1 thisisthelibrary iborrowedthebook 2 itisfromthislibrary iborrowedthebook where 定语从句 that 强调句型 3 wheredidyoulastseemr smith itwasinthehotel ilived a thatb whichc whered when haveatry 定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系 的 而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容 与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词 如fact news belief truth reply等 that在定语从句中作成分 可用which或who whom代替 而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分 只起连接作用 试比较 weallhaveheardthenewsthatourteamwon 同位语从句 that从句表示news的内容 that在从句中不作任何成分 wedon tbelievethenewsthat whichhetoldusyesterday 定语从句 that作told的宾语 综合考查二 定语从句与同位语从句 综合考查二 定语从句与同位语从句 1 weallhaveheardthenews ourteamwon 2 wedon tbelievethenews hetoldusyesterday that that which that which 综合考查三 定语从句与表语从句 theplace thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe thecross rivertrafficistheheaviest 江苏 a which whereb atwhich whichc atwhich whered which inwhich 试比较 heleftthekeywherehehadbeenanhourbefore where引导地点状语从句 相当于intheplacewhere helefttheplacewherehelivedformanyyears where引导定语从句 修饰theplace heissuchagoodteacherasallofusloveandrespect as引导定语从句 heissuchagoodteacherthatwealllikehim that引导结果状语从句 such that 如此 以致 综合考查四 定语从句与状语从句 试比较 asisknowntousall paperwasfirstmadeinchina as引导定语从句 指代整个主句内容 可置于句首 itisknowntousallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinchina it做形式主语 代替that引导的主语从句 综合考查五 定语从句与主语从句 高考真题练习定语从句部分 共14题 1 hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival wasbeyondhiswildestdream 上海卷 a whichb thatc whered it2 wheredidyougettoknowher itwasonthefarm weworked 山东卷 a thatb therec whichd where a d 3 thebookwaswrittenin1946 theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatcharges 山东卷 a whenb duringwhichc sincethend sincewhen4 lastweek onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse wantedtobuyit 安徽卷 noneofthemb bothofthemc noneofwhomd neitherofwhom d d 5 weshouldn tspentourmoneytestingsomanypeople mostof arehealthy 北京卷 a thatb whichc whatd whom6 byservingothers apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself canbeveryeye openingandrewarding 湖南卷 a whob whi