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履带式锚固钻机设计【5张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩通过】

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关键词：: 履带式锚固钻机设计

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摘要

履带式锚固钻机组要是由回转器、推进架、钻机步履机构、钻机机架、钻机操纵台管路等相应的部件组成。履带式锚固钻机组要用于目前地铁、高层建筑、机场及其他需要深基坑进行锚固、旋喷、降水等相应的作业。在此次的论文课题中，我在屠德刚老师的指导下，对钻机的结构布局、其动力回转结构、液压系统的运作等方面有了很大的认识，通过CAD等制图软解的辅助，更加形象的刻画了履带式锚固钻机的总体以及液压系统，通过资料的查询，对其动力系数和相应的各项参数指标了解有着本质的提升。在分析运动及设计结构时，要把产品的外型也要考虑在钻机设计中。通过这几个月的学习、查询本人熟悉了解履带式锚固钻机的工作原理以及各部件，了解其组成、如何工作及连接关系，对各部件的材质有了相应的了解。做到了钻机布局合理美观、安装使用方便。

关键词：履带式锚固钻机钻机步履机构液压系统

Abstract

Rawler type anchor drill unit if the gyrator, propulsion, drill steps institutions, drill rack, drill control console of corresponding parts such as pipeline. Crawler type anchor drill unit to be used for the subway, high building, airport and other need to anchor deep foundation pits, jet grouting, precipitation, etc. The corresponding operations. In the thesis topic, I under the guidance of the teacher Tu, structure layout, the power of drilling rig rotary structure, hydraulic system's understanding of the operational aspects had the very big through CAD and other drawing soft solution of the auxiliary, more image depicts the crawler anchorage overall as well as the hydraulic system of drilling rig, through the data query, the power coefficient and corresponding parameter indicators to know has the nature of ascension. On the analysis of the movement and structure design, to product appearance also want to consider in the rig design. Through this a few months of learning, inquiry I understanding of crawler anchor drilling machine working principle and parts, understand its composition, how to work and connection relationship, have the corresponding knowledge of parts material. Did it drill rational layout and beautiful, easy installation and use.

Keywords: Caterpillar anchoring drill rig Drill steps institutions The hydraulic system

摘要V

AbstractVI

目录VII

1 绪论1

1.1 钻机主要用途2

1.2、主要技术参数3

13、主机垂直状态：3200×2200×50004

2 钻机的总体传动设计5

2.1、总体传动设计5

3 动力头（回转器）设计8

3.1. 动力头介绍8

3.2. 设计要求8

3.3 设计步骤8

3.4 设计方案的分析与确定8

3.5 主要零部件的结构及其选用9

3.5.1. 各轴在动力头中的位置9

3.5.2. 轴的结构设计9

3.5.4. 轴的支承方式及轴承的选用9

3.6 设计及校核10

3.6.1 功率及转速计算10

3.6.2 齿轮校核10

3.7 典型工艺编制13

3.7.2 箱体（MDL80D-2-33）16

4 液压设计计算及说明18

4.1 液压原理的设计18

4.1.1 加压提升油路设计思路18

4.1.2 起塔油路的设计思路18

4.1.3 支腿油路的设计思路18

4.1.4 主油路的设计思路18

4.2 液压系统的计算19

4.2.1 实际参数的计算19

4.2.2 液压系统中主油路的校验26

4.3 热平衡计算29

4.3.2 双联泵 CBTL-F410/F410-AFP30

4.3.3 小泵 CBW-F203-AFP31

5 泵站的设计32

5.1 泵站的介绍及作用32

5.2 泵站的组成32

5.2.1 油泵及电动机34

5.2.2 散热器34

5.2.3 油箱34

5.2.4 空气滤清器36

5.2.5 过滤器36

6 操纵台的设计37

6.1 操纵台的介绍及作用37

6.2 设计要求及步骤37

7 管路附件42

7.1 油管的种类及选择42

7.1.1 油管的种类42

7.1.2 油管的选择42

8 推进架中油缸的设计46

8.1油缸设计要点46

8.2设计要求：46

8.3加压提升油缸主要尺寸的确定：47

9 结论与展望50

9.1 结论50

9.2 展望50

致谢51

参考文献52

1 绪论

图1.1 型钻机总图

1. 固定架 2. 夹持卸扣装置 3. 孔口导向装置 4. 80回转器 5. 液压马达 6. 73防松器 7. 单重分流器(50通径) 8. 推进架 9. 滑架 10. 变角机构 11. 机架 12. 转盘组件 13. 步履机构 14. 支撑组件

图1.2

1.1 钻机主要用途

该机主要部件均采用了最新的成组技术，再设计全新的液压系统，使其成为一体，关键元件选用国内名牌产品，全液压控制，仪表显示，操作方便灵活，大大提高了工作效率，满足了客户需要。

该机属于全液压回转器式锚固工程钻机，整机重量小于6000公斤。该钻机适用城市中基坑支护和控制建筑物位移的锚固工程。钻机是整体式，并且配有履带行走底盘和夹持卸扣器。履带底盘移动迅速，对中孔位置方便。夹持卸扣器可以自动拆卸钻杆和套管，降低了工人的劳动强度，提高拆卸的效率。

MDL-80D型履带锚固钻机性能稳定，工作效率高，具有多用性，具备钻进复杂的地层和处理事故能力。它配套普通合金钻头等钻具可进行回转钻进；在硬岩层采用常规球齿钻头，进行冲击回转钻进，高速成孔；与空气压缩机及气动潜孔锤配套，在卵砾石等不稳定地层，采用跟管钻进钻具可进行跟套管钻进成孔，并增加了旋喷功能。

这台钻机主要有如下几大特点:

1、全液压控制、操作方便灵活、移位方便、机动性好、省时、省力。

2、钻机回转器采用双液压马达驱动，输出扭矩大，回转中心较同类的产品低，大大提高了钻机钻孔的平稳性。

3、新型的变角机构使对孔更加的方便，调节范围变大，可以降低对工作面的要求。

4、针对客户当地的特殊工况，对散热系统进行了优化，确保液压系统在室外温度为40°C时，最高温度不超过75°C。

5、配有专用跟管钻进钻具（钻杆、套管、偏心钻头等），在不稳定地层用套管护壁开孔，常规球齿钻头终孔。钻进效率高，成孔的质量好。

6、钻机主要适合于深基坑锚固支护，还可通过旋喷模块的更换，使钻机可以进行旋喷施工。

1.2、主要技术参数

图1.3

主要钻进方法：潜孔锤常规钻进、合金钻进、螺旋钻进。

1、钻孔直径（mm）：φ100～φ210

2、钻孔深度（m）：60～100

3、钻孔角度（°）：0～90

4、额定输出扭矩(Nm)：4500

5、额定转速（r/min，正反转）：Ⅰ档(低速档) 6 20 36 60 (输出扭矩 4610 N.M)

Ⅱ档(高速档) 12 40 72 120 (输出扭矩 1767 N.M)

6、额定提升力（kN）：60

7、额定给进力（kN）：30

8、给进行程（mm）：2800

9、滑移行程(mm)：900

10、动力：电动机，30kW+11kW+1.5kW

11、重量（kg）：6000

12、爬破角度：25°

13、主机垂直状态：3200×2200×5000

14、主机水平状态：4800×2200×1900 (不装固定架)

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内容简介：: 编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目：履带式锚固钻机总体设计、液压系统（泵站、操作台、管路附件）设计信机系机械工程及自动化专业学号： 0923027学生姓名：乔刚指导教师：林承德（职称：教授）（职称：）2013年5月25日目录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目：履带式锚固钻机总体设计、液压系统（泵站、操作台、管路附件）设计信机系机械工程及自动化专业学号： 0923027 学生姓名：乔刚指导教师：林承德（职称：教授）（职称：）2012年11月12日课题来源课题来源：江苏省无锡探矿机械总厂有限公司科学依据（1）课题科学意义钻机是向地下钻孔的机器，是完成钻进施工的主机，它带动钻具和钻头向地层深处钻进，并通过升降机完成起下钻具和套管，提取岩心，跟换钻头等辅助工作。泵的作用是向孔内输送冲洗液以冲洗孔内底，冷却钻头和润滑钻具。它广泛应用于国民经济的许多部门，它是从事各种钻探施工必可少的主体备。目前国内地铁、高层建筑、机场及其它需要深基坑进行锚固、旋喷、降水的钻机大多采用国外进口，我国在这个领域尚属空白，为了填补这项国内空白，我们准备在国内已有相似钻机(尚不具备深基坑锚固旋喷工艺)的基础上重新设计动力输出装置，重新匹配动力，由于液压传动系统执行效率高，采用液压传动和机械传动相结合的方式，因为深基坑锚固旋喷钻机主要用于城市建设，考虑用履带机构增加钻机的机动性。研究内容熟悉履带式锚固钻机技术的发展历程，特别是近十几年来出现的新型技术；熟练掌握钻机运行原理；熟练掌握履带式锚固钻机的液压传动系统以及相应的各部件作用；了解熟悉钻机的工作原理以及各部件组成；能够熟练了解钻机如何工作及连接关系，要求各部件的连接、布局合理美观、安装使用方便；熟练使用CAD等制图软件。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析（1）研究方法根据各执行元件要求的输出性能参数及工作速度，计算所需的流量、压力、消耗功率等液压参数，并据此设计出合理的整体液压方案。计算液压系统的发热问题，并提出解决方案研究计划及预期成果研究计划：2012年11月12日-2009年12月25日：按照任务书要求查阅论文相关参考资料，填写毕业设计开题报告书。2013年1月11日-2013年3月5日：填写毕业实习报告。2013年3月8日-2013年3月14日：按照要求修改毕业设计开题报告。2013年3月15日-2013年3月21日：学习并翻译一篇与毕业设计相关的英文材料。2013年3月22日-2013年4月11日：钻机的总体设计。2013年4月12日-2013年4月25日：钻机的液压系统设计。2013年4月26日-2013年5月21日：毕业论文撰写和修改工作。预期成果：完成毕业设计，对履带式锚固钻机的各部件有较好的掌握，对其液压系统有全方位的了解，对于其传动系统和各参数的设计有一定的了解。特色或创新之处使用CAD编程，效果明显，方便改变参量，能够直观判断钻机的各部件形态。采用固定某些参量、改变某些参量来研究问题的方法，思路清晰，简洁明了，行之有效。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题实验方案思路已经非常明确，已经具备使用CAD编程仿真的能力和图像处理方面的知识。使用UG的能力尚需加强。指导教师意见指导教师签名：年月日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见教研室主任签名：年月日系意见主管领导签名：年月日英文原文Mechanical DesignAbstract:A machine is a combination of mechanisms and other components which transforms, transmits. Examples are engines, turbines, vehicles, hoists, printing presses, washing machines, and movie cameras. Many of the principles and methods of design that apply to machines also apply to manufactured articles that are not true machines. The term mechanical design is used in a broader sense than machine design to include their design. the motion and structural aspects and the provisions for retention and enclosure are considerations in mechanical design. Applications occur in the field of mechanical engineering, and in other engineering fields as well, all of which require mechanical devices, such as switches, cams, valves, vessels, and mixers.Keywords: Mechanical Design mechanisms Design ProcessThe Design ProcessDesigning starts with a need real.Existing apparatus may need improvements in durability, efficiency, weight, speed, or cost. New apparatus may be needed to perform a function previouslydone by men, such as computation, assembly, or servicing. With the objective wholly or partlyIn the design preliminary stage, should allow to design the personnel fully to display the creativity, not each kind of restraint. Even if has had many impractical ideas, also can in the design early time, namely in front of the plan blueprint is corrected. Only then, only then does not send to stops up the innovation the mentality. Usually, must propose several sets of design proposals, then perform the comparison. Has the possibility very much in the plan which finally designated, has used certain not in plan some ideas which accepts.When the general shape and a few dimensions of the several components become apparent, analysis can begin in earnest. The analysis will have as its objective satisfactory or superior performance, plus safety and durability with minimum weight, and a competitive cost. Optimum proportions and dimensions will be sought for each critically loaded section, together with a balance between the strengths of the several components. Materials and their treatment will be chosen. These important objectives can be attained only by analysis based upon the principles of mechanics, such as those of static for reaction forces and for the optimum utilization of friction; of dynamics for inertia, acceleration, and energy; of elasticity and strength of materials for stress and deflection; of physical behavior of materials; and of fluid mechanics for lubrication and hydrodynamic drives. The analyses may be made by the same engineer who conceived the arrangement of mechanisms, or, in a large company, they may be made by a separate analysis division or research group. Design is a reiterative and cooperative process, whether done formally or informally, and the analyst can contribute to phases other than his own. Product design requires much research and development. Many Concepts of an idea must be studied, tried, and then either used or discarded. Although the content of each engineering problem is unique, the designers follow the similar process to solve the problems. Product liability suits designers and forced in material selection, using the best program. In the process of material, the most common problems for five (a) dont understand or not use about the latest application materials to the best information, (b) failed to foresee and consider the reasonable use material may (such as possible, designers should further forecast and consider due to improper use products. In recent years, many products liability in litigation, the use of products and hurt the plaintiff accused manufacturer, and won the decision), (c) of the materials used all or some of the data, data, especially when the uncertainty long-term performance data is so, (d) quality control method is not suitable and unproven, (e) by some completely incompetent persons choose materials.Through to the above five questions analysis, may obtain these questions is does not have the sufficient reason existence the conclusion. May for avoid these questions to these questions research analyses the appearance indicating the direction. Although uses the best choice of material method not to be able to avoid having the product responsibility lawsuit, designs the personnel and the industry carries on the choice of material according to the suitable procedure, may greatly reduce the lawsuit the quantity. May see from the above discussion, the choice material people should to the material nature, the characteristic and the processing method have comprehensive and the basic understanding. Finally, a design based upon function, and a prototype may be built. If its tests are satisfactory, the initial design will undergo certain modifications that enable it to be manufactured in quantity at a lower cost. During subsequent years of manufacture and service, the design is likely to undergo changes as new ideas are conceived or as further analyses based upon tests and experience indicate alterations. Sales appeal.Some Rules for DesignIn this section it is suggested that, applied with a creative attitude, analyses can lead to important improvements and to the conception and perfection of alternate, perhaps more functional, economical,and durable products. To stimulate creative thought, the following rules are suggested for the designer and analyst. The first six rules are particularly applicable for the analyst.1. A creative use of need of physical properties and control process.2. Recognize functional loads and their significance.3. Anticipate unintentional loads.4. Devise more favorable loading conditions.5. Provide for favorable stress distribution and stiffness with minimum weight.6. Use basic equations to proportion and optimize dimensions.7. Choose materials for a combination of properties.8. Select carefully, stock and integral components.9. Modify a functional design to fit the manufacturing process and reduce cost.10. Provide for accurate location and noninterference of parts in assembly. Machinery design covers the following contents.1. Provides an introduction to the design process , problem formulation ,safety factors.2. Reviews the material properties and static and dynamic loading analysis ,Including beam , vibration and impact loading. 3. Reviews the fundamentals of stress and defection analysis. 4. Introduces fatigue-failure theory with the emphasis on stress-life approaches to high-cycle fatigue design, which is commonly used in the design of rotation machinery. 5. Discusses thoroughly the phenomena of wear mechanisms, surface contact stresses ,and surface fatigue. 6. Investigates shaft design using the fatigue-analysis techniques. 7. Discusses fluid-film and rolling-element bearing theory and application 8. Gives a thorough introduction to the kinematics, design and stress analysis of spur gears , and a simple introduction to helical ,bevel ,and worm gearing. 9. Discusses spring design including compression ,extension and torsion springs. 10. Deals with screws and fasteners including power screw and preload fasteners. 11. Introduces the design and specification of disk and drum clutches and brakes.Machine DesignThe complete design of a machine is a complex process. The machine design is a creative work. Project engineer not only must have the creativity in the work, but also must in aspect and so on mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineerig material, materials mechanics and machine manufacture technology has the deep elementary knowledge. One of the first steps in the design of any product is to select the material from which each part is to be made. Numerous materials are available to todays designers. The function of the product, its appearance, the cost of the material, and the cost of fabrication are important in making a selection. A careful evaluation of the properties of a. material must be made prior to any calculations. Careful calculations are necessary to ensure the validity of a design. In case of any part failures, it is desirable to know what was done in originally designing the defective components. The checking of calculations (and drawing dimensions) is of utmost importance. The misplacement of one decimal point can ruin an otherwise acceptable project. All aspects of design work should be checked and rechecked. The computer is a tool helpful to mechanical designers to lighten tedious calculations, and provide extended analysis of available data. Interactive systems, based on computer capabilities, have made possible the concepts of computer aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). How does the psychologist frequently discuss causes the machine which the people adapts them to operate. Designs personnels basic responsibility is diligently causes the machine to adapt the people. This certainly is not an easy work, because certainly does not have to all people to say in fact all is the most superior operating area and the operating process. Another important question, project engineer must be able to carry on the exchange and the consultation with other concerned personnel. In the initial stage, designs the personnel to have to carry on the exchange and the consultation on the preliminary design with the administrative personnel, and is approved. This generally is through the oral discussion, the schematic diagram and the writing material carries on. If front sues, the machine design goal is the production can meet the human need the product. The invention, the discovery and technical knowledge itself certainly not necessarily can bring the advantage to the humanity, only has when they are applied can produce on the product the benefit. Thus, should realize to carries on before the design in a specific product, must first determine whether the people do need this kind of productMust regard as the machine design is the machine design personnel carries on using creative ability the product design, the system analysis and a formulation product manufacture technology good opportunity. Grasps the project elementary knowledge to have to memorize some data and the formula is more important than. The merely service data and the formula is insufficient to the completely decision which makes in a good design needs. On the other hand, should be earnest precisely carries on all operations. For example, even if places wrong a decimal point position, also can cause the correct design to turn wrongly.A good design personnel should dare to propose the new idea, moreover is willing to undertake the certain risk, when the new method is not suitable, use original method. Therefore, designs the personnel to have to have to have the patience, because spends the time and the endeavor certainly cannot guarantee brings successfully. A brand-new design, the request screen abandons obsoletely many, knows very well the method for the people. Because many person of conservativeness, does this certainly is not an easy matter. A mechanical designer should unceasingly explore the improvement existing product the method, should earnestly choose originally, the process confirmation principle of design in this process, with has not unified it after the confirmation new idea. 中文译文机械设计摘要：机器是由机械装置和其它组件组成的。它是一种用来转换或传递能量的装置，例如：发动机、涡轮机、车辆、起重机、印刷机、洗衣机、照相机和摄影机等。许多原则和设计方法不但适用于机器的设计，也适用于非机器的设计。术语中的“机械装置设计” 的含义要比“机械设计”的含义更为广泛一些，机械装置设计包括机械设计。在分析运动及设计结构时，要把产品外型以及以后的保养也要考虑在机械设计中。在机械工程领域中，以及其它工程领域中，所有这些都需要机械设备，比如：开关、凸轮、阀门、船舶以及搅拌机等。关键词：设计流程设计规则机械设计设计流程设计开始之前就要想到机器的实际性，现存的机器需要在耐用性、效率、重量、速度，或者成本上得到改善。新的机器必需具有以前机器所能执行的功能。在设计的初始阶段，应该允许设计人员充分发挥创造性，不要受到任何约束。即使产生了许多不切实际的想法，也会在设计的早期，即在绘制图纸之前被改正掉。只有这样，才不致于阻断创新的思路。通常,还要提出几套设计方案，然后加以比较。很有可能在这个计划最后决定中,使用了某些不在计划之内的一些设想。一般的当外型特点和组件部分的尺寸特点分析得透彻时，就可以全面的设计和分析。接着还要客观的分析机器性能的优越性，以及它的安全、重量、耐用性，并且竞争力的成本也要考虑在分析结果之内。每一个至关重要的部分要优化它的比例和尺寸，同时也要保持与其它组成部分相协调。也要选择原材料和处理原材料的方法。通过力学原理来分析和实现这些重要的特性，如那些静态反应的能量和摩擦力的最佳利用，像动力惯性、加速动力和能量；包括弹性材料的强度、应力和刚度等材料的物理特性，以及流体润滑和驱动器的流体力学。设计的过程是重复和合作的过程，无论是正式或非正式的进行，对设计者来说每个阶段都很重要。最后，以图样为设计的标准，并建立将来的模型。如果它的测试是符合事先要求的，则再将对初步设计进行某些修改，使它能够在制造成本上有所降低。产品的设计需要不断探索和发展。许多方案必须被研究、试验、完善，然后决定使用还是放弃。虽然每个工程学问题的内容是独特的，但是设计师可以按照类似的步骤来解决问题。产品的责任诉讼迫使设计人员和公司在选择材料时，采用最好的程序。在材料过程中，五个最常见的问题为：（a）不了解或者不会使用关于材料应用方面的最新最好的信息资料；(b)未能预见和考虑材料的合理用途（如有可能，设计人员还应进一步预测和考虑由于产品使用方法不当造成的后果。在近年来的许多产品责任诉讼案件中，由于错误地使用产品而受到伤害的原告控告生产厂家，并且赢得判决）；(c)所使用的材料的数据不全或是有些数据不确定，尤其是当其性能数据长期不更新；(d)质量控制方法不适当和未经验证；(e)由一些完全不称职的人员选择材料。通过对上述五个问题的分析，可以得出这些问题是没有充分理由而存在的结论。对这些问题的研究分析可以为避免这些问题的出现而指明方向。尽管采用最好的材料选择方法也不能避免发生产品责任诉讼，设计人员和工业界按照适当的程序进行材料选择，可以大大减少诉讼的数量。从以上的讨论可以看出，选择材料的人们应该对材料的性质，特点和加工方法有一个全面而基本的了解。在随后生产和售后服务的几年中，要接受新观念的变化，或者由试验和经验为基础，进一步分析并改进。一些设计规则在本节中，建议要运用创造性的态度来替代和改进。也许会创造出更实用、更经济、更耐用的产品。为了激发创造性思维，下列是设计和分析的建议规则。前六个规则对设计者来说特别适用。1. 要有创造性的利用所需要的物理性质和控制过程。2. 认识负载产生的影响及其意义。3. 预测没有想到的负载。4. 创造出对载荷更为有利的条件。5. 提供良好的应力分布和最小的刚度条件。6. 运用最简单的方程来优化体积和

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