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偏心链轮不等速机构设计【13张CAD图纸+三维+毕业论文】【答辩通过】

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关键词：: 偏心链轮等速机构设计

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摘要

本研究主要包括偏心链轮的结构改进设计，并设计出试验装置，进行设计工艺参数的试验研究。在整机设计中，通过对偏心链轮总体方案的分析，编制了工作循环图，确定主要装置（偏心链轮，从动轮，张紧轮，调节机构）之间的相互配合关系；完成了偏心链轮的结构改进设计和理论分析及其主要参数的确定；对横封装置进行了改进设计，提出适应包装袋长度可连续变化的翻领成型器，扩大了偏心链轮的使用范围，并进行了理论研究，本文的研究对其它偏心链轮机械的设计和开发有着积极的指导意义。

利用设计的试验装置，确定了偏心链轮传动的特性，即匀速度传入主动轮偏心链轮中，由于偏心链轮各处的中心距不等，呈现增大减小的规律运动，所以滚子链的瞬时速度也不一样，其运动类似于正弦运动，传到从动轮上的速度也就是正弦运动，此运动方式适用于包装机，包装机在包装物品时，就需要快慢不一的速度。本研究结果对包装材料的生产厂家、偏心链轮械生产厂家、机械用户以及科研人员具有十分重要的意义。

关键词：偏心链轮；横封装置；包装

Abstract

This study included the modified structure design of the eccentric sprocket, the finite element analysis and solid modeler. Besides, designed tester and tested sealing quality.

In the entire machine design, established working cycle and conformed work in relations of main fixtures(feeding ,forming, retractor, sealing, driving)through analysis of eccentric sprocket overall plan; completed the modified structure design of the forming filling sealing eccentric sprocket and conformed the main parameters. In this paper, designed the horizontal sealing fixtures and advanced new forming fixture which can adjust the packaging length and extended the useable range of the eccentric sprocket and studied. At the same time, offered a method of parallel measure feeding and founded vibration feeding fixtures of oscillatory differential equation. This study can direct the design and exploitation of other bag eccentric sprocket actively.

Using the tester carries on the package sealing test, the tensile test and the endure stress test that the tests were based on the national standards, experimented data and the results indicate sealing intensity conforms to the national standard. Through data analysis obtained the permits packing sealing temperature range and the relations of the sealing intensity of the horizontal fixtures and the vertical sealing fixtures ,time and temperature and the best packing material sealing condition.

Key words: eccentric sprocket；horizontal sealing；packing machine

摘要III

AbstractIV

目录V

1 绪论1

1.1 本课题的研究内容和意义1

1.2 国内外的发展概况1

1.3 本课题应达到的要求1

2 总体方案设计3

2.1 偏心链轮机构的组成3

2.2 偏心链轮运动规律的分析5

2.2.1 偏心链轮机构工作原理5

2.3 偏心链轮各基本参数的确定9

2.3.1 主动链轮的偏心距的计算9

2.3.2 链轮的节圆半径11

2.3.3 主从动链轮传动轴的中心距12

2.4 轴承的选择12

2.4.1 轴的设计校核12

2.4.2 轴承的润滑及密封15

3 热封装置设计18

3.1 热封材料及封口方法18

3.2 纵封滚轮的设计及计算18

3.3 横封装置设计19

3.4 封合调整22

4 包装机的设计24

4.1 包装机工作原理及功能24

4.1.1 功能要求24

4.1.2 主要构成及工作原理24

4.1.3 执行机构的动作配合25

5 链轮的设计26

5.1 链轮设计与机械加工26

5.1.1 常见链轮的形状与结构26

5.1.2 链轮材料的选择26

5.1.3 链轮的基本参数26

5.1.4 链轮齿形的几何形状与设计原则26

5.1.5 链轮设计与加工27

5.1.6 刀具设计28

6 结论与展望30

致谢31

参考文献32

1 绪论

1.1 本课题的研究内容和意义

随着社会的发展、生活水平的提高，尤其是加入WTO后，人民对热封装置提出了更高的要求。与人民生活和工农业生产密切相关的粉粒状物料，如生活日用品、营养食品、药品，种子、化肥、农药、化工原料等工农业生产用品，都需要稳定的热封装置。

偏心链轮是现代工业的基本设备，是商品生产中必不可少的关键性技术设备。随着人类社会的进步，国民经济的发展，人民生活水平的提高，人们越来越重视链轮的质量、品种类型，链轮机械在工业领域中起着重要的作用。链轮机械是使产品实现机械化、自动化的根本保证。它能够大幅度地提高生产效率；降低劳动强度，改善劳动条件；保护环境，节约原材料，降低产品成本；有利于热封机械的发展，提高产品效率，增强市场销售的竞争力。

偏心链轮保证包装机热封的质量高、生产效率高、品种多、生产环境好、生产成本低、环境污染小，因而获得较强的市场竞争能力，带来巨大的社会效益和经济效益。偏心链轮被堪称为拥有漫长发展历史和富有强大生命力的主导机型。现已被各国视为前景较好的热封机械。据调查，现有偏心链轮机构存在以下问题：

(1)速度不稳定；

(2)薄膜送进速度难以与热封辊圆周速度相等；

(3)链轮传送消耗大；

(4)包装机的横封机构运动形式的不合理，将导致封口质量问题。

包装容器的封口，是包装工艺中不可缺少的工序。封口的好坏将直接影响生产效率。因此，包装质量在很大程度上取决于封口质量，所以链轮机构的研究改进对提高封口质量有着重要的意义，本研究在整机研究的基础上，针对横封封口形式影响封口质量这个问题进行深入的研究。同时，通过一系列试验，研究总结出较为完整的工艺参数，对实际生产具有十分重要的现实意义。

1.2 国内外的发展概况

从广义而言，现代机械的含义和领域很广，包括各种自动化和半自动化传动机械、包装机械、横封机械等。这些相互密切联系的机械设备组成了现代化的传动机械体系。

随着科技和经济的快速发展，社会对自动化设备的需求越来越大，此机构用于塑料制袋包装机上，利用偏心链轮可以使塑料薄膜送进速度与热封辊圆周速度相等，保证热封辊快速张开，以免热封辊被包装物相碰。这一研究对工业有很大帮助。

1.3 本课题应达到的要求

设计偏心链轮不等速机构，运用于塑料制袋包装机上，其原理方案的功能实现，总体方案的设计，结构形式，结构参数，工作参数的设计。要求：

（1）热封时，塑料薄膜送进速度必须与热封辊圆周速度相等。由于产品规格不同，袋长不同，要求送料速度变化，这时热封辊速度必须随之产生相应的变化，因此，要求回转一周时获得快慢变化的周期变速运动，以使热封时热封辊与薄膜送进达到相等的速度。从而可以使包装物顺利传送。

（2）热封后，最好能保证热封辊快速张开，以免热封辊与被包装物相碰。

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内容简介：: 存档编码：无无锡锡太太湖湖学学院院 2013 届届毕毕业业作作业业周周次次进进度度计计划划、检检查查落落实实表表系别：信机系班级：机械93 学生姓名：郑莉课题（设计）名称：偏心链轮不等速机构设计开始日期：2012年11月17日周次起止日期工作计划、进度每周主要完成内容存在问题、改进方法指导教师意见并签字备注1-32012年11月7日-2012年11月27日教师下达毕业设计任务，学生初步阅读资料，完成毕业设计开题报告。按照任务书要求查阅论文相关参考资料，填写毕业设计开题报告书通过跟导师的交流和沟通，增加了对课题的了解。4-82012年11月28日-12月31日指导专业实训初步明确了设计的任务，收集所需要的资料。结构不清晰，通过网上搜索来了解链轮的结构。9-102013年1月9日-2月12日指导毕业实习去图书馆借相关书籍，网上搜索偏心链轮的相关资料资料少，需要反复查阅资料，工作量大。112013年2月13日-2月17日指导论文:偏心链轮的工作原理熟悉偏心链轮的具体结构，为毕业设计做好前期工作开题报告有待完善，通过老师的指导，可以解决。122013年2月20日-2月24日指导论文:各参数计算完成开题报告设计部分由点无从下手，和老师积极交流，寻找方法。132013年2月27日-3月2日指导论文:轴的设计查阅相关书籍，并向老师请教以便对结构设计部分做准备。链轮结构复杂，设计参数多，需要耐心研究。142013年3月5日-3月9日指导论文:根据要求完成计算根据现有资料，熟悉偏心链轮的结构及设计参数，为下面的工作做充分准备绘制草图时要综合考虑多方面因素。152013年3月12日-3月16日指导论文:模具的尺寸要求根据偏心链轮的结构特点和相关参数，完成夹具总体结构的设计草图这一阶段需要计算的量较大，工作繁重；具体选型方面，需查阅各方面资料，任务重。162013年3月19日-3月23日指导论文:绘制CAD零件图根据设计参数和检测要求，完成相关计算（主要包括轴承的分析和计算，夹紧力的计算等等）这一阶段需要计算的量较大，工作繁重；具体选型方面，需查阅各方面资料，任务重。周次起止日期工作计划、进度每周主要完成内容存在问题、改进方法指导教师意见并签字备注172013年3月26日-3月30日指导论文:绘制CAD装配图根据设计参数和输送要求，完成相关计算（主要包括齿轮的分析和计算，中心距的计算等等）这一段时期的任务比较烦重，是整个设计的重中之重，需要格外细心。182013年4月2日-4月6日指导论文:检查完善CAD零件图和装配图继续上一阶段工作，并根据计算结果确定检测装置结构尺寸，完成部分总装图这一段时期的任务比较烦重，是整个设计的重中之重，需要格外细心。192013年4月9日-4月13日指导论文:完成三维图继续上一阶段工作，并根据计算结果确定检测装置结构尺寸，完成部分总装图绘制总装图及零件图，需要有足够的耐心。202013年4月16日-4月20日完成零件图完成装配图和重要零部件的部件图或零件图绘制三维零件图，需足够的耐心。212013年4月23日-4月27日完成三维图完成三维零件图绘制三维装配图，需足够的耐心与细心。222013年4月30日-5月4日完成三维装配图完成三维零件装配图根据毕业设计论文要求撰写说明书。232013年5月7日-5月11日编写说明书撰写设计说明书反复检查以前工作中的纰漏，并做修改242013年5月14日-5月18日整理论文撰写并整理设计说明书针对答辩充分准备。252013年5月21日-5月25日准备后期答辩整理相关资料，完成设计说明书。准备答辩。准备答辩。说明： 1、“工作计划、进度”、“指导教师意见并签字”由指导教师填写，“每周主要完成内容”，“存在问题、改进方法”由学生填写。 2、本表由各系妥善归档，保存备查。编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目：偏心链轮不等速机构设计信机系机械工程及自动化专业学号： 0923103 学生姓名：郑莉指导教师：唐正宁（职称：副教授）（职称：）2013年5月25日目录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目：偏心链轮不等速机构设计信机系机械工程及自动化专业学号： 0923103 学生姓名：郑莉指导教师：唐正宁（职称：副教授）（职称：）2012年11月24日课题来源本课题来源于生产实际，结合实际要求，完成偏心链轮不等速机构设计，并能满足生产实际要求，本课题对提高学生的自主学习能力有很大的帮助，将所学知识与实际相结合，具有重要的意义。科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）（1）课题科学意义随着科技和经济的快速发展，社会对自动化设备的需求越来越大，此机构用于塑料制袋包装机上，利用偏心链轮可以使塑料薄膜送进速度与热封辊圆周速度相等，保证热封辊快速张开，以免热封辊被包装物相碰。这一研究对工业有很大帮助。（2）研究概况，水平和发展趋势在机械加工过程中，偏心链轮机构的链轮松紧是一大难题，通过优化张紧轮的转动中心位置，偏心量和初始角位移，使链条在工作中始终处于张紧状态，才能提高生产效率，因此着重于这个问题，利用微分原理对该机构进行运动学分析，列出了主从链轮位移关系的求解方程，并依此为基础，进行了传动系统的运动学分析和张紧轮的轮心坐标，初始相位移和偏心量的优化计算，其目的是在周期中使链条波动最小。（3）应用前景偏心链轮用于包装机上，可以提高生产效率，降低生产成本，操作简捷，在能满足条件的前提下，不失为一种好的选择，应用前景良好。研究内容阅读外文资料，并翻译与所学专业或课题相关的外文文献5000字左右，语句通顺、流畅、准确；根据加工产品上具体结构和加工要求，拟定分析设备设计方案；运用三维软件进行三维造型设计、三维装配；绘制设备总装图和关键零部件二维工程图；编写设计说明书，符合本科论文的格式要求，语言简洁、流畅、层次分明；毕业设计作为重要的学习实践环节，本人在设计工作中做到积极主动，严谨细致、灵活，使设计方案、工程图纸符合国家标准。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析此机构主要部件有：调节旋钮，偏心调整架，主动轴，调整螺杆，偏心链轮，链条，张紧轮，旋转切刀，横封辊，纵封辊等组成。其工作原理是：调节主动链轮的偏心距达到改变输出角速度满足热封的需要,它是利用特性曲线的两个极值点作为专门的热封点,偏心距的改变可使输出的极大角速度在之间;同样也可使输出的极小角速度在之间。与此同时,速度极限角分别有向靠拢的微小变化,袋装机在规定的袋长范围内,其中偏小规格利用的极点进行热合,偏大规格利用这一极点输出角速度进行热合可行性分析：通过各主要部分系统的确定，主要问题可以解决。细节问题也可以方便的处理，总的来说，此方案的可行性没有问题。研究计划及预期成果1. 2012.11.112.1 搜集、阅读、整理相关文献资料，英文翻译，工厂实习等。2. 2012.12.11.1 撰写开题报告。3. 2013.1.12.1 确定工作原理，设计总体方案，可行性分析。4. 2013.2.13.1 总体结构设计。电动机的选择，参数确定，强度计算，刀具的材料和类型的选择，刀具和重要部件的有限元分析，优化设计，通过三维造型设计，进行三维装配。完成设计规定量的设计图纸。 5. 2013.3.14.20 编写设计说明书。6. 2013.4.205.20 修改设计图纸，完成设计任务。预期成果：完成设备的机械部分设计及相关计算，绘制好机械部分设计的CAD三维图和主要二维图纸。特色或创新之处此机构结构紧凑，制造方便。操作简便，灵活，运转平稳，成本低，从而使降低动强度，提高生产效率。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题已具备的条件：1. 已了解偏心链轮的工作原理和工作路线，对链轮的结构已经有初步的认识，也具备机械设计，齿轮的选择等的能力。2. 能够运用软件进行设计、模拟。3. 相关资料齐全，有了初步可行的设计方案，技术条件具备。尚需解决的问题：设计方案有待完善，软件应用的熟练程度需要加强。指导教师意见指导教师签名：年月日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见教研室主任签名：年月日系意见主管领导签名：年月日Cylinder block machining process design Engine parts in the engine block is a more complex structure of spare parts box, its high precision, processing, complex process, and the processing quality will affect the overall performance engine, so it has become the engine manufacturers focus parts one.1. Technical Characteristics of the engine cylinder blockEngine block is the basic engine parts and skeleton, while the engine when the general assembly of the base components. Cylinders role is supporting and ensuring the piston, connecting rod, crankshaft and other moving parts work, the exact location; to ensure the engine ventilation, cooling and lubrication; to provide a variety of auxiliary systems, components and engine installation.1.1 Technical Characteristics Cylinder cast for a whole structure, and its upper part 4 cylinder mounting hole; cylinder standard cylinder is divided into upper and lower divisions into two parts; cylinder to the rear of the front-side arrangement of the previous three coaxial mounting hole of the camshaft and the idler axle hole. Cylinder process features are: the structure of complex shape; processing plane, more than holes; uneven wall thickness and stiffness is low; processing of high precision typical of box-type processing part. The main processing of the surface of cylinder block top surface, the main bearing side, cylinder bore, the main and camshaft bearing bore holes and so on, they will directly affect the machining accuracy of the engine assembly precision and performance, mainly rely on precision equipment, industrial fixtures reliability and processing technology to ensure the reasonableness.2. Engine block process design principles and the basis forTechnology program is the preparation of the master process is to process planning and key process equipment design guidance documents. The correct process of program design, facilitate the systematic application of new scientific and technological achievements and advanced production experience, to ensure product quality, improve working conditions, and improve process technology and process management level.2.1 Process design principlesDesign Technology program should be to ensure product quality at the same time, give full consideration to the production cycle, cost and environmental protection; based on the enterprises ability to actively adopt advanced process technology and equipment, and constantly enhance their level of technology. Engine block machining process design should follow the following basic principles:(1) The selection of processing equipment, processing equipment, the principle of selection adopted the principle of combining rigid-flexible, processing each horizontal machining center is located mainly small operations with vertical machining center, the key process a crank hole, cylinder hole, balancer shaft hole High-speed processing of high-precision horizontal machining center, an upper and lower non-critical processes before and after the four-dimensional high-efficiency rough milling and have a certain adjustment range of special machine processing;(2) focus on a key process in principle process the body cylinder bore, crankshaft hole, Balance Shaft hole surface finishing and the combination of precision milling cylinder head, using a process focused on a setup program to complete all processing elements in order to ensure product accuracy The key quality processes to meet the cylinder capacity and the relevant technical requirements; (3) All fixtures are used hydraulic clamp, clamping components, hydraulic pumps and hydraulic control components used in Germany or the United States producing high quality and reliable components; (4) The whole line used in all wet processing, using standalone BTA, high-precision machining processes critical horizontal machining center with constant cooling and to install high-precision high-voltage double-circuit band-pass fine filtration system, all with high-pressure processing center in the cold. According to the technological characteristics of automobile engine cylinder block and the production mandate, the engine block machining automatic production line is composed of horizontal machining center CWK500 and CWK500D machining centers, special milling / boring machine, vertical machining centers matec-30L and other appliances. (1) top and bottom, and tile covered only the combination of aperture rough milling machine dedicated to this machine to double-sided horizontal milling machine, using moving table driven parts, machine tools imported Siemens S7-200PLC system control, machine control cabinet set up an independent, cutting automate the process is completed and two kinds of automatic and adjust the state; (2) high-speed horizontal machining center machining center can be realized CWK500 the maximum flow of wet processing, but because of equipment, automatic BTA treatment system through the built-in tray under the wide-type chip conveyor and the completion of the machining center can be dry processing; machine tool spindle speed 6000r/min, rapid feeding speed 38m/min; (3) The combination of front and rear face rough milling machine tool using hydraulic transmission; control system imported Siemens S7-200PLC system control, machine tools have a certain flexibility; (4) The special machine TXK1500 this machine vertical machining center by the modification of shape, with vertical machining center features and performance, this machine has high strength, high wear-resistant, high stability, high accuracy, high-profile etc.; (5) high-speed vertical machining center matec-30L of the machining center spindle high speed 9000r/min. Control system uses Siemens SINUMERIK840D control system; (6) high-speed horizontal machining center spindle CWK500D highest speed 15000r/min.2.2 Process design basisAffect the engine block part of the process design factors are manifold. Specifically, can be understood from the following aspects. (1) product object, product drawings and technical documents related to the complexity of the engine block under the precision requirements of the process to take corresponding measures. Production targets for the four-cylinder automobile engine cylinder block;(2) the production program, the production of the nature and type of production of the engine block the production program of 400 million;(3) The annual effective system of work equipment, working for 320 days, with an average equipment loading rate of 80%, two shifts, 16 hours / day.3. Engine block machining process design the main content Engine block complex structure, high precision, large size, is thin-walled parts, there are a number of high precision plane and holes. Engine block machining process characteristics: mainly flat and the hole processing, processing of flat generally use planing, milling methods such as processing, processing of hole used mainly boring, processing and multi-purpose drilling holes. As the cylinder complex structure, so how to ensure that the mutual position of the surface processing precision is an important issue.3.1 The selection of blank Engine block on the materials used are generally gray cast iron HT150, HT200, HT250, there is also cast aluminum or steel plate, this engine block using high-strength alloy cast iron. Cylinder in the processing prior to aging treatment in order to eliminate stress and improve the rough casting mechanical properties.Improve the rough accuracy, reduction of machining allowance, is to improve the automated production line system productivity and processing quality of the important measures. As the foreign box-type parts of rough quality and high precision, and its production-line system has been implemented directly on the blank line, not only eliminating the need for blank check device also saves the rough quality problems due to waste of machining time, increase overall efficiency. Therefore, the refinement of rough is to improve the productivity of the most promising way out. For the engine block production line, can be rough in parts on-line pre-milling six face, removing most of the margin, to facilitate direct on-line parts.3.2 machining process selection and processing of the benchmark Choose the right processing technology base is directly related to the processing quality can ensure the parts. Generally speaking, process benchmarking can be divided into coarse and fine reference base.(1) The baseline for the on-line thick rough, which is particularly important the choice of benchmark crude, if crude benchmark choice unreasonable, will the uneven distribution of machining allowance, processing and surface offsets, resulting in waste. In the cylinder production line, we have adopted for the coarse side of the base;(2) refined the base of this box for the engine block parts, the general use of “side two sales” for a full range of uniform benchmarks. For the longer automated production line system, due to pin holes in the course of the wear and tear caused by inaccurate positioning, therefore, will be divided into 2-3 segment pin holes used. In the cylinder pin hole of the process, we have adopted to the side, bottom and the spindle hole positioning, in the processing center on the process.3.3 Machining Processing Stages and processes of the arrangements Often a part of many apparent need for processing, of course, the surface machining accuracy are different. Processing of high precision surface, often after repeated processing; As for the processing of the surface of low precision, only need to go through one or two on the list. Thus, when the development process in order to seize the “processing high precision surface,”this conflict, the reasonable arrangement processes and rational division stage of processing. Arrange the order of the principle of process is: after the first coarse refined, the first surface after the hole, the first benchmark other. In the engine block machining, the same should follow this principle.(1) roughing stage engine block machining process, the arrangements for roughing process, to fully carry out rough rough, trim most of the margin in order to ensure production efficiency;(2) semi-finishing phase of the engine block machining, in order to ensure the accuracy of some important surface processing, and arrange some semi-finishing operations, will be required accuracy and surface roughness of the surface of the middle of some processing to complete, while demanding the surface of semi-finished, to prepare for future finishing;(3) The finishing stage of requiring high accuracy and surface roughness of the surface processing;(4) secondary processing, such as small surface screw holes, you can finish of the major surface after the one hand, when the workpiece deformation process little impact at the same time also reduced the rejection rate; In addition, if the main surface of a waste, these small the surface will not have to be processed, thus avoiding a waste of man-hours. However, if the processing is very easy for a small surface bumps the main surface, it should be placed on a small surface finish prior to the main surface finishing;(5) should make proper arrangements for secondary processes such as product inspection process, in part roughing stage, the key process before and after processing, spare parts all the processing has been completed, should be appropriate arrangements. Stage of processing division, has the following advantages: First, it can take measures to eliminate the rough workpiece after the stress, to ensure accuracy; second, finishing on the back, and will not damage during transport the surface of the workpiece has been processed; again, first roughing the surface defects can be detected early and promptly deal with rough, do not waste working hours. But most small parts, do not sub very thin.3.4 cylinder surface of the main processing and secondary processes Cylinder surface and support the main processing operations are:(1) plane processing At present, the milling of engine blocks is the primary means of planar processing, domestic milling feed rate is generally 300-400mm/min, and foreign 2000-4000mm/min milling feed rate compared to far cry, to be on increasing, therefore, improve the milling feed rate, reduce overhead time is to improve the productivity of the major means of finishing a number of plane engine block when the milling feed rate to reach 2399 mm / min, greatly improved efficiency;Top surface of the cylinder milling is a key process in the process, the flatness requirements for 0.02/145mm, the surface roughness of Ra1.6um. Processing in the cylinder, the use of side and spindle bearing bore positioning, top, bottom and middle vagay only aperture while processing used in the processing line outside of the knife device can better meet the engine block machining accuracy ;(2) General holes machining holes in general are still using the traditional processing of drilling, expansion, boring, reaming, tapping and other craft approach. Issues in the design process of specific programs, use of coated cutting tools, cutting tools and other advanced tools within the cooling, and using a large flow of cooling systems, greatly improving the cutting speed, improved productivity;(3) deep hole processing of the traditional processing method is used to grade twist drill feed, low efficiency of their production, processing and quality is poor. The deep hole in the engine block processing, the use of gun drilling process;(4) The three-axis machining holes for the cylinder-axis machining holes holes of high precision, long working hours of the restrictive process. Thus, work arrangements, processing methods, tools and so on should be special attention. All cover pre-processing, that is, semi-circular hole and the cylinder block main bearing cap of the shortage of processing, its main purpose is to remove blank margin, release stress, to prepare for the post-order processing; in crankshaft machining processing center hole, using double-sided Boring, boring the first holes in the crankshaft hole at one end to 1 / 2 length, and then turn 180 degrees workbench, from the other end and then bore another 1 / 2 length.(5) The cylinder bore machining cylinder hole cylinder machining processing is a key process in the one, under normal circumstances, the machining process as a rough boring, semi-fine boring, precision boring and honing. Cylinder bore wall for the early detection of casting defects, eliminate stress, should be thick cylinder boring holes in advance; due to the structural characteristics of the different cylinder bore, must be in honing process to improve the cylinder bore surface quality. In the high-volume production, the cylinder bore honing generally use the multi-axis grinding machine or honing Automatic Line. Here we use honing automatic lines, from the coarse-heng. Fine-heng and testing equipment, composed of three;(6) Cleaning Cleaning is divided into wet cleaning and dry cleaning. Machining cylinder automatic production line using a large flow of wet cleaning;(7) Detect points outside the line detection and line detection of two kinds. Quality inspection in the engine block, according to the actual situation with lines outside the detection, the main use of coordinate measuring machine integrated measurements of the cylinder, each 200 samples 1-5 pieces, each class random one.3.5 cylinder processing the choice of cutting parameters Engine block choice of cutting parameters including cutting speed, feed rate and feed rate option. As the processing equipment is used in high precision and rigidity of machine tools and high-speed machining centers in order to ensure the efficiency of cutting may be the appropriate choice of cutting a larger amount. The main processing engine block surface plane and bearing bore, cylinder bore holes such as the processing, while the plane and bearing bore, cylinder bore of the processing method is mainly milling and boring, so the discussion here, the choice of cutting parameters are mainly milling and Boring choice of cutting parameters.(1) milling the choice of the amount of usage the choice of milling milling effect is directly related to good or bad. Generally speaking, the choice of dosage milling principles: Face milling cutter should be as much as possible when you first take a larger milling depth and width of milling, and then select the larger milling rate of as much as possible. Milling in a specific amount of choice when many factors involved, but in general, rough milling large margin when the workpiece, processing requirements low, the main consideration of the durability of cutter; Fine Milling margin is small, high precision machining, improvement in the quality processing of primary consideration;In the engine block of the milling process, the use of machine tools as having a high stiffness, high-speed machine tools, big power, rigidity is good, so has chosen the relatively large amount of cutting.(2) boring dosage amount of choice options under the rough finishing process varies. Rough, the selection of a larger depth of cut, finish, the selection of a smaller depth of cut. Depth of cut determined later, as cutting a large amount of use. In the cutting depth and feed rate after the selection can be a reasonable tool to ensure durability under the conditions of use calculations or look-up table method to determine the cutting speed. In general, the rough, choose a lower cutting speed, finishing, the selection of a higher cutting speed.In the engine block boring process, the selection of machine tools as having a high stiffness, high-speed machine tools, big power, good rigidity; tool for foreign advanced tools, high quality, rigidity is good, so has chosen the relatively large amount of cutting.4. SummaryThrough the engine block of the structure and process characteristics of the analysis, discusses the engine block machining process design principles and basis of the choice of cutting parameters, and U-turn at high speed milling and boring, for example, design, analysis of the engine cylinder body of high-speed milling and turnover boring process, and in the processing need to pay attention to.缸体机械加工工艺设计发动机缸体是发动机零件中结构较为复杂的箱体零件，其精度要求高，加工工艺复杂，且加工质量的好坏直接影响发动机整机性能，因此，它成为各发动机生产厂家所关注的重点零件之一。1发动机缸体的工艺特点发动机缸体是发动机的基础零件和骨架，同时又是发动机总装配时的基准零件。缸体的作用是支承和保证活塞、连杆、曲轴等运动部件工作时的准确位置；保证发动机的换气、冷却和润滑；提供各种辅助系统、部件及发动机的安装。1.1 工艺特点缸体为一整体铸造结构，其上部有4个缸套安装孔；缸体的水平隔板将缸体分成上下两部分；缸体的前端面从前到后排列有三个同轴线的凸轮轴安装孔和惰轮轴孔。缸体的工艺特点是:结构、形状复杂；加工的平面、孔多；壁厚不均，刚度低；加工精度要求高，属于典型的箱体类加工零件。缸体的主要加工表面有顶面、主轴承座侧面、缸孔、主轴承孔及凸轮轴孔等，它们的加工精度将直接影响发动机的装配精度和工作性能，主要依靠设备精度、工夹具的可靠性和加工工艺的合理性来保证。2发动机缸体工艺方案设计原则和依据工艺方案是工艺准备工作的总纲，是工艺规程设计和关键工艺装备设计的指导文件。正确的工艺方案设计，有助于系统地运用新的科学技术成果和先进的生产经验，保证产品质量，改善劳动条件，提高工艺技术和工艺管理水平。2.1 工艺方案设计的原则设计工艺方案应在保证产品质量的同时，充分考虑生产周期、成本和环境保护；根据本企业能力，积极采用国内外先进的工艺技术和装备，不断提高企业工艺水平。发动机缸体机械加工工艺设计应遵循以下基本原则:(1) 加工设备选型原则加工设备选型采用刚柔结合的原则，加工设各以卧式加工中心为主，少量工序采用立式加工中心，关键工序一曲轴孔、缸孔、平衡轴孔加工采用高精度高速卧式加工中心，非关键工艺一上下前后四个平面的粗铣采用高效并有一定调整范围的专用机床加工；(2) 集中工序原则关键工序一机体缸孔、曲轴孔、平衡轴孔的精加工及缸盖结合面的精铣，采用集中在一道工序一次装夹完成全部加工内容的方案，以确保产品精度满足缸体关键品质的工艺能力和有关技术要求；(3) 全部夹具均采用液压夹具，夹紧元件、液压泵及液压控制元件采用德国或美国产优质可靠元器件；(4) 整线全部采用湿式加工，采用单机独立排屑，高精度关键加工工序的卧式加工中心采用恒温冷却并加装高精度高压双回路带旁通精过滤系统，加工中心全部带有高压内冷。根据汽车发动机缸体的工艺特点和生产任务要求，发动机缸体机械加工自动生产线由卧式加工中心CWK500和CWK500D加工中心、专用铣/镗床、立式加工中心matec-30L等设备组成。(1) 顶底面及瓦盖止口面粗铣组合机床本机床为双面卧式专用铣床，采用移动工作台带动工件，机床采用进口西门子S7-200PLC系统控制，机床设独立电控柜，切削过程自动化完成，有自动和调整两种状态；(2) 高速卧式加工中心CWK500 该加工中心可实现最大流量的湿加工，但由于设备自动排屑处理系统是通过位于托盘下的内置宽式排屑器而完成，该加工中心可以进行干加工；机床主轴转速6000r/min，快速进给速度38m/min；(3) 前后端面粗铣组合机床机床采用液压传动；控制系统采用进口西门子S7-200PLC系统控制，机床具有一定的柔性；(4) 专用机床TXK1500 本机床由立式加工中心改造而成型，具备立式加工中心的特点及性能，该机床具有高强度、高耐磨度、高稳定性、高精度、高配置等优点；(5) 高速立式加工中心matec-30L 该加工中心主轴最高转速9000r/min。控制系统采用西门子公司SINUMERIK840D控制系统；(6) 高速卧式加工中心CWK500D 主轴最高转速15000r/min。2.2 工艺方案设计的依据影响发动机缸体零件的工艺方案设计因素是多方面的。具体地说，可以从以下几个方面理解。(1) 产品对象、产品图样和有关技术文件根据发动机缸体的复杂程度、精度要求等采取相应的工艺措施。生产对象为四缸汽车发动机缸体；(2) 产品的生产纲领、生产性质和生产类型该发动机缸体年生产纲领为40000万件；(3) 工作制度设备年有效工作日为320天，平均设备负荷率为80%,两班制，16小时/天。3发动机缸体机械加工工艺设计的主要内容发动机缸体结构复杂，精度要求高，尺寸较大，是薄壁零件，有若干精度要求较高的平面和孔。发动机缸体机械加工的工艺特点是:主要是平面和孔的加工，加工平面一般采用刨、铣削等方法加工，加工孔主要采用镗削，加工小孔多用钻削。由于缸体结构复杂，因此如何保证各表面的相互位置精度是加工中的一个重要问题。3.1 毛坯的选择发动机缸体采用的材料一般是灰铸铁HT150、HT200、HT250，也有采用铸铝或钢板的，此发动机缸体采用高强度合金铸铁。缸体在加工前进行时效处理，以消除铸件内应力和改善毛坯的力学性能。提高毛坯精度，减少加工余量，是提高自动生产线系统生产率及加工质量的重要措施。由于国外箱体类零件毛坯质量和精度较高，其生产线系统己实现了毛坯直接上线，既省去了毛坯检查装置，也节省了由于毛坯质量问题而浪费的加工工时，提高了综合效益。因此，精化毛坯是提高生产率最有潜力的出路。对于发动机缸体生产线，可在零件上线前粗铣六个面，去除大部分余量，便于零件直接上线。3.2 机械加工工艺基准的选择与加工选择合理的加工工艺基准，直接关系到能否保证

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