直接引语和间接引语.doc

直接引语变间接引语l 直接引语： 原封不动地直接引用他人的原话。l 间接引语： 用自己的话转述别人说的话。l 引述动词： 直接引语的引号前用来引导“引语”的谓语动词。l He says,” I turned off the light.”l He says that he turned off the light.l She will say,” I have finished my homework.”l She will say that she has finished her homework.l 引述动词的使用问题：l 1.主语+引述动词 + , +”引语第一个单词首字母大写”l 2.“引语第一个单词首字母大写+ , ”+ 主语 +引述动词+. l （主谓常可倒装） 既：l “引语第一个单词首字母大写+ , ” +引述动词+主语+.l 3.主语+引述动词可作插入语l “Im here to hear your opinions ,” said the young cadre.l “Hands up,” he ordered, “ or well fire!”l “I hope, ”said she,” youll be back as soon as possible.”引述动词时态引语时态一般现在时或一般将来时不变1.间接引语一般由that引导，但当直接引语是一般疑问句，选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语只能用whether 或if 引导，并将疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。若直接引语是特殊疑问句，则只将语序改为陈述句语序。2.直接引语中指示代词，人称，数，格要根据意思作相应的改变。3.由于时态的改变，与之相关的时间状语和地点状语也要作相应改变。4.如果直接引语中的话是在当时当地说的，则时间状语和地点状语均保留不变。She said ,” I will be back here tomorrow.”She said that she will be back here tomorrow.5.若直接引语为祈使句，则加to将其变为不定式短语，并根据意思和语气将引述动词分别改为：asked, told, ordered, commanded等。一般过去时向属于过去范畴的时态回移一般现在时一般过去时（若表示普遍真理或客观事实，则一般现在时不变）现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时（若引语中有表示过去的确切时间状语，则一般过去时不变。）过去完成时过去完成时l She said,” I need two pieces of paper.”l She said that she needed two pieces of paper.l Mary said ,”I am beginning to sleep better.”l Mary said that she was beginning to sleep better.l Jack said,” I have repaired the machine.”l Jack said that he had repaired the machine.l She said to me,” I saw the film.”l She told me that she had seen the film.l He said,” I had planted the trees before supper.”l He said that he had planted the trees before supper.l The teacher said,” Columbus discovered America in 1492.”l The teacher said that Columbus discovered America in 1492.l He said,” Failure is the mother of success.”l He said that failure is the mother of success.直接引语中指示代词，人称，数，格要根据意思作相应的改变。thisthatthesethoseHe said,” I am very busy.”He said that he was very busy.She said,” We are getting in the rice.”She said that they were getting in the rice.The boy said,” Your handwriting is better than mine.”The boy said that my handwriting was better than his.He said,” I have left my notebook on your desk.”He said that he had left his notebook on my desk.heretherethis placethat placethese placesthose placescomegobringtake由于时态的改变，与之相关的时间状语和地点状语也要作相应改变。this week(month, etc.)that week(month, etc.)the day after tomorrowin two days timelast week(month, etc.)the week(month, etc.) beforenext week(month, etc.)the next/following week(month, etc.)agobeforenowthenyesterdaythe day beforethe day before yesterdaytwo days beforetodaythat daytonightthat nighttomorrowthe next day(the following day)l He said,” Now it is your turn.”l He said that then it was my turn.l Ada said,” I saw my elder sister off at the station yesterday.”l Ada said that she had seen her elder sister off at the station the day before.l Tom said,” I havent seen Mary today.”l Tom said that he hadnt seen Mary that day.l She said,” We shall have a get-together with you tomorrow.”l She said that they would have a get-together with us the next day.l Marlin said,” She entered a spare-time school two years ago.”l Marlin said that she had entered a spare-time school two years before.l He said,” Ill leave this place as soon as possible.”l He said that he would leave that place as soon as possible.l She said.” Ill bring some money with me.”l She said that she would take some money with her.l The captain said ,” We shall come across the Channel next week.”l The captain said that they would go across the Channel the next week.l He asked,” Are you from Anhui?”l He asked me if I was from Anhui.l She asked me,” You have already done the experiment, havent you?”l She asked me whether I had already done the experiment.l He asked,” Do you speak English or French?”l He asked me whether I spoke English or French.l He asked: “ Who are you?”l He asked me who I am.l The teacher asked,” Where did you find it, Laura?”l The teacher asked Laura where she had found it.l He said,” Please come here again tomorrow.”l He asked me to go there again t