八年级英语上册 Unit 7 Memory学案（无答案）（新版）牛津深圳版.doc

unit7 memory知识探究step one reading & listening讲解1. when we make new memories, we lose old ones. 当我们形成新的记忆时，就会推动旧的记忆。lose(lost, lost)及物动词，“失去，丢失”。可指因事故或过失失去原有的东西，也可指人陷入深思中。i cant write to mr green because i have lost his address.2. because they enjoy learning about memory. 因为他们喜欢了解记忆力。enjoy及物动词，“享.之乐，欣赏，喜欢”，后接名词，代词或动名词作宾语，不能接动词不定式。 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事many people enjoy traveling during holidays. 【拓展】enjoy后接反身代词，反射代词就应在人称和数上与enjoy的主语保持一致，enjoy oneself与hav a good time和have fun同义，“玩得开心”。did you enjoy yourselves at the party last night?= did you have a good time / have fun at the party last night?3. because they want to help students improve their memory. 因为他们想帮助学生提高记忆力。because连词,“因为”，其后接从句，陈述原因或理由，用来回答why引导的特殊疑问句。- why isnt li ping here?- because he is ill.注意：because 从属连词，引导原因状语从句，在英语中because 和so不能同时出现在一个句子中，只能用其一，与汉语表达不同。有类似用法的还有although(though)与but，它们也不能同时出现在一个句子中。辨析：because与because ofbecause连词引导原因状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由i dont buy the shirt because it is too expensive.because of介词短语后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子he cant take a walk because of the rain.4. to write it down. 把它写下来。write down 写下，记下，是动副短语，如果名词作宾语，一般位于write down之后中，也可位于writh和down 之间；如果代词作宾语，必须位于writh和down 之间。please write down these new words.the word is important. please write it down.5. a great way to help you remember something is to imagine a picture of it in your mind. 帮你记住某件事的一种有效方法就是在大脑里想像出它的一副画面。(1)动词不定式短语to help you remember somthing作定语，修饰名词短语a great way; 动词不定式to imagine a picture of it in your mind作表语。i have a lot of work to do today. 我今天有很多工作要做。 (动词不定式作定语)he had no chance to go to school thoese years. 那些年，他没有机会上学。 （动词不定作定语）his dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。 （动词不定式作表语）（2） helpsbwithsth在某方面帮助某人helponeself（to）请自便withthehelpof在.方面帮助某人canthelpdoingsth忍不住做某事（3） imagine想象+名词、动名词、从句e.g.wecantimaginelifewithoutanyhardships.-doyouknowneilarmstrong?-yes.heisthefirstman_onthemoon.a.walkb.walksc.towalkd.walked6. ifyoumakethepicturebig,strangeorsilly，youwillrememberitbetter.如果你把这幅图画想象地很大、很奇怪，或是很愚蠢，你将会更好地将它记住。（1）if引导的条件状语从句，条件状语从句中的动词多用一般现在时，主句中的动词多用一般将来时，即主将从现原则.ishallgoifsheasksme.（2） make+sth.+adj.形容词作宾语补足语makesb.dosth.让某人做某事（3） remembertodosth.记得去做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事7. thismakesitthelongestwordintheworld.当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移至句末，其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”。如：ifinditdifficulttodothejobwell.我发现做好这件事不容易。8. remember：apictureisworthathousandwords.记住：一副图画，值1000个单词。beworth+v. ing 值得.的e.g.thishouseisworthalotofmoney.thefilmisworthseeing.翻译：这个茶杯值30元。_9.agoodmethodforrememberingthespellingofawordistomakeashortsentencewitheachotheroftheword.（1）amethodfor+doing sth. 一个做.的方法（2）不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.whatiwouldsuggestistoputoffthemeeting.当主语和表语都是不定式时，其含义一是条件，一是结果（例）。当主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组（例）时，或以what引导的名词性分句（例），不定式说明主语的内容。10. .forexample,toremembertheword“smiles”,wecanimaginethereisa“mile”betweenthefirstletterandthelastletter.（1） between.and.两者之间。（2）to=inorderto表目的“为了”11. forexample,ifyouwanttorememberhowtospelltheword”because”,.疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whentoleaveforlondonhasnotbeendecidedyet.（不定式在句子中做主语）mr.smithdidntknowwhethertoleaveorstaythere.（不定式在句子中做宾语）iaskedprofessorxuhowtolearnenglishwell.（不定式在句子中做直接宾语）thequestionwaswheretogetthemedicineneeded.（不定式在句子中表语）以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形式。如：whenweshallleavehowicouldlearn经常在这种结构中使用的动词有：consider,decide,discover,explain,findout,forget,hear,know,learn,observe,understand,wonder等。12. youwillforgetsomethingveryquicklyunlessyouunderstanditwell.如果你没有理解的话，你很快就会忘记它。（1） unless=if.not引导条件状语从句“如果不；除非”，也要遵循“主将从现”原则e.g.unlesshestudiedhard,hewillneverpasstheexams.（2）forgettodosth忘记去做某事forgetdoingsth忘记做了某事sorry,iforgottobringthebook.(对不起，我忘了带书了。)iforgotborrowingabookfromyou.（我忘记曾经向你借过书这件事）（3） forgetquickly,understandwell副词修饰动词13.itseasiertorememberthesestepsifyouunderstandhowthewatercycleworks.动词不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语，而往往将动词不定式放在谓语或表语之后。如：itsnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguagewell.(=tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisnoteasy.) 学好一门外语不容易。在此句型中，如果要说明动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可在不定式前加一个for引起的短语，作不定式的逻辑主语。如：itsdifficultforustofinishthework.对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。itshardformetoansweryourquestion.要我回答你的问题很难。但是，如果表语是kind,nice,right,wrong,clever,polite等描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，则应在不定式前加一个of引起的短语。如：itsverykindofyoutohelpme.你能帮我，真好。14. how to scientists think about that sound similiar? 科学家对发音相似的单词是怎样认为呢？（1） sound此处作连系动词，”听起来“，其后通常接形容词作表语，常见短语：sound like听起来像，后跟名词the music sounds very nice. 这音乐听起来十分悦耳。paris sounds like a city that i like. 巴黎听起来像是我喜欢的城市。(2) similiar 相似的，类似的，常见短语be similiar to与.相似we have similiar opinions. 我们有着类似的观点。marys hat is similiar to janes. 玛丽的帖子和简的差不多。【随堂练】一、根据句意和括号里的提示完成句子。1.i_(lose)my ruler yesterday.2. it made me _(想起)my own visit to beijing.3. reading a lot can_(提高) your english.4.han liang doesnt do well in english. his_(拼写)is bad.5. the book is worth_(读).二、单项选择1. our team lost_ the team from no. 6 middle school.a. on b. at c. in d. to2. i_, so i didnt know where i was.a. lost b. was lost c. lose d. am lost3. please remember_the candles when you leave.a. to blow off b. blowing out c. to turn out d. to blow out4. dont forget_the window.a. close b. to close c. closing d. closed5.we can use this special pen to record or take pictures.really? will you please show me_it?a. how to use b. what to use c. why to use6. - how do you like yi yundi? - a cool guy! his music _ really beautiful.a. tastes b. sounds c. smells d. looks7. - can you tell me the differences between these two pictures? - differences? oh, no. the look quite _.a. different b. similiar c. strange d. interesting8. if you _ your name on the paper, you can get a magazine.a. cut down b. look down c. turn down d. write down三、完成句子1.除非政府同意另外给钱，否则这家剧院就得关门了。_ the government_extra money, the theatre will have to close.2. 你知道如何让我们的环境更干净吗？do you know_ _ _environment_?3. 他应该停止戴那个傻傻的耳环，he should stop to_ _ _ _?4. 我希望你的身体状况得到改善。i hope you will_ _health.5. 不要忘记喂鸟._ _ _feed the bird.四、阅读理解do you love the holidays, but hate the increase (增加) in weight（体重） that follows? you are not alone.holidays are happy days with pleasure and delicious foods. but many people are worried about the weight that comes with these delicious foods. with proper (合适的) planning, it is possible to control your weight. the idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much. you dont have to turn away from the foods that you enjoy. the following advice may be of some help to you. do not miss meals. before you leave home for a party, have a small, low-fat meal or fast food. this may help you to keep you from getting too excited before the delicious foods.begin with clear soup and fruit or vegetables. a large glass of water before you eat may help you feel full. use a small plate; a large plate may make you eat more than enough.better not have high-fat foods. choose lean (脂肪少的) meats. fill your plate with salad and green vegetables.if you have a sweet tooth, try mints (薄荷) and fruits. they do not have fat like cream andchocolate.dont let exercise take a break during the holidays. a 20-minute walk after a meal can help you burn off excess calories (多余的热量).1. holidays are happy days with pleasure but they may_.a. bring weight problems b. bring you much trouble in your lifec. make you worried about your life d. make you hate delicious foods2. enjoy your holidays without putting on weight, and youd better_.a. drink much water and have vegetables only b. not eat much food in high fatc. not take part in the parties d. turn away from delicious foods3. according to the passage,_is a necessary part to stop you from putting in weight.a. vegetables b. waterc. salad d. taking exercise4. many people cant help putting on weight after the holidays because they_.a. cant control themselves b. go to too many partiesc. enjoy delicious foods d. cant help turning away from the foods5. excess calories can be found in your body in the form of (以的形式)_.a. energy b. fat c. food d. waterstep two speaking writing【随堂练】一、单项选择1. dont forget _ your homework, john. - ok. ill do it right now.a. doing b. do c. to do2. i practice spoken english with foreigners in order to _ my listening. a. involve b. improve c. increase d. control3. this maths problem is too difficult. can you show me _, george? a. what to work out b. to work it out c. how to work it out d. how to work out it4. the book is well worth _. i plan _ one. a. read; to buy b. reading; buying c. reading; to buy5. _you dont leave now, youll be late for school. a. whether b. unless c. if d. when6. you wont feel happy at school _ you get on well with your classmates. a. though b. when c. unless d. because 7. we have a lot of trouble _ to the top of the hill before eight oclock. a. get b. to get c. got d. getting8. i like drinks _ tea and pop. a. for example b. such as c. like d. b and c二、阅读理解jack is a clerk of a bookstore. here is the note from his boss. ben. jack has to decide what books to order according to the following note and the descriptions of the books. hi, jack, you must hand in the order list of books to me by the first working day of every month. the rules for choosing books are: for textbooks: august is coming. we must choose all textbooks, without thinking of other rules. for books which are not textbooks: if more than five copies of books were sold last month, we choose them. but if there are five copies or more in stock（现货）, we do not make an order. if the wholesale（批发）prices of the books are higher than $75, we do not choose them. and we do not order anything whose retail (零售) price is higher than $100. ben the descriptions of the bookstitle: homeland englishpublisher（出版社）：homeland ltdwholesale price: $100retail price: $ 140textbook: yescopies sold last month: 3copies in stock: 2title: how to become successfulpublisher：founders company ltdwholesale price: $25retail price: $40textbook: nocopies sold last month: 2copies in stock: 1title: biology at a glancepublisher：new times publisher ltdwholesale price: $70retail price: $ 95textbook: nocopies sold last month: 18copies in stock: 3title: good health in 20 dayspublisher：oscar world ltdwholesale price: $50retail price: $66textbook: nocopies sold last month: 10copies in stock: 201.( ) jack much hand in the order list to his boss by _.a. the first day of last august b. the last working day of this monthc. the last day of next auguse d. the first working day of each month2. ( )if jack wants to buy the books about success, he should order them form _.a. homeland ltd b. founders company ltdc. oscar world ltd d. new times publisher ltd3. ( )the whole price of the book _ is over $ 100.a. homeland english b. good health in 20 daysc. biology at a glance d. how to become successful4. ( )the number of the books sold best last month is _.a. 3 b. 10 c. 18 d. 205. ( ) jack cant buy good health in 20 days because _.a. it is not a school textbook b. its wholesale price is too highc. the copies in stock are more than 5 d. the copies sold last month are over 5step three-more practice 讲解【随堂练】一、根据句意及提示完成句子1. the photos made her _(remember) his visit to sydney.2. the little girl gets _(lose).3. work hard_(improve) your english.4. i know peter can improve his _(spell).5. his m_(大脑)encourage me all the time.6. what do you think lilys idea? -i think its _(傻傻的). that doesnt help me.7. jim is doing his homework. let me clean the house _(代替)of him.8. yancheng science and technology museum, opened in may, is a wonderful place for children. it is well w_ visiting.二、单项选择( ) 1. lf it _rain this weekend, well have a picnic.a. doesnt b. didnt c. wont d. wouldnt( ) 2. jack is bored. please tell him _ to make him cheerful.a. interesting thing b. thing interesting c. interesting something d. something interesting（ ）3. to tell you the truth, i dont know_money from the atm.a. how to take out b. how take inc. what to take out d. what take in（ ）4. i have trouble _the english teacher. he speaks too fast.a. understand b. to understand c. understanding d. to understand( ) 5 davids memory is_than mine. a. good b. better c. best d, the best( ) 6 i wont lend you my car _ you promise to return it before 12:00. a. if b. unless c. so d. but( ) 7 how many methods does the article _to improve our memory? a. punish b. control c. mention d. invent( ) 8 many old memories _of my mind when i saw those photos. a. took out b. put out c. died out d. poured out( ) 9 wood_if you _it into water. a. floats; put b. will float; will put c. floats; will put d. will float; put( ) 10 mo yan is a famous writer. his books are worth_. a. read b. reading c. to read d. to reading三、完成句子1.你真傻，不肯原谅别人的错误。 _ _ _ _not to forgive others for their mistakes.2. 她逐步地学会了说英语。 she learnt to speak english _ _ _.3. 丹尼在中国的风俗习惯方面有些麻烦。 danny _ _ _ chinese customs.4. 除非你努力学习，否则你的英语考试将不及格。(unless) youll fail in your english exam _ _ _ _.5. 除非你有地图，否则你很容易迷路。 _ _ _ _ _, you will get lost easily.四、阅读理解look at the instructions on the bottle of the medicine and then choose the right answers.john is twelve years old. he had a bad cold and coughed day and night. he went to see a doctor. the doctor gave him some cough medicine.cough medicineshake(摇动) it well before use. take it three times each day before meals.dose(药量):age: over 14,2 teaspoonfuls (勺)8 - 13,1 teaspoonful4 - 7,1/2 teaspoonfulnot right for children below the age of three. put it in a cold place. use it before december 1 st,2003.1. john should take _ a day.a. 2 teaspoonfulsb. 3 teaspoonfuls c. 4 teaspoonfuls d. i teaspoonful2. tile medicine should be kept in _.a. a fridgeb. hot waterc. any placed. the sun3. john should _ before he takes ita. shake the medicine wellb. eat nothingc. do some exercised. drink a cup of tea4. when people are _ years old, they cannot take this medicine,a. eighty b. thirty c. two d. twelve5. john will _ the medicine mien it is left after dec. 1st ,2003.a. throw awayb. stop to takec. take once d. take six times moregrammara. if 引导的条件状语从句（2）在if引导的条件状语从句当中，如果从句谈论的是一个有可能发生的事情及其产生的相关结果，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。if he comes to the party,everyone will be happy.如果他来参加聚会，大家都会很开心的。he will help you, if you ask him.如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。如果if条件句谈论的是一种真理或者客观事实时，主句和从句均使用一般现在时。如：if you take a fish out of water,it does.如果你让鱼儿离开水，它就会死。the room becomes dark if you turn off the lamp.如果你关灯，房间里就一片漆黑。if not与unlessunless=if not除非；如果不如：除非你现在出发，否则你就不能及时赶到那儿。unless you start right now,you will not get there in time.if you dont start right now,you will not get there in time.you will not get there in time unless you start right now.you will not get there in time if you dont start right now.说明：if或unless引导的条件状语从句位置灵活，可放于句首，也可位于主句的后面。当if或unless从句位于句首时，后面通常加逗号和主句隔开。 we continue ma