湖南省株洲市高考英语阅读理解、短文改错训练（2）.doc

株洲市2014高考英语阅读理解、短文改错训练（2）及答案 (第*篇) find which direction is southdo you have a good sense of direction? if not, please take with you a compass. but if you forget to take a compass, you can still find your way.it s never a good idea to imagine that the family member who was entrusted(委托) with the job of mapreading actually knows where the family is. you can tell by the slightly confused look on their faces that nothing on the ground seems to match the map. never mind. the sun is shining and it s still morning. if you dont know the exact time, you can still find out where south is, but youll need to be patient.find a straight stick and put it in the ground in a place where you can mark its shadow.try to position the stick as vertically(垂直) as you can.you can check this by making a simple plumb line (铅锤线)with a piece of string and weight. you haven t got any string？ok, use a thread from your clothes with a button tied at the end to act as a weight.mark the end of the shadow cast by the stick.wait approximately half an hour and mark the end of the shadow again.keep doing this until you have made several marks.the mark nearest the stick will represent the shortest shadow, which is cast at midday, when the sun is highest in the sky and pointing to the exact south.pick a point in the distance along the line between the shortest shadow and the stick.that point is south of where you are.now you can turn the map, like you did before, and find which way you should be travelling.语篇解读你有好的方向感吗？如果没有，那就要带上指南针。如果没带指南针呢？你仍然可以用其他方法找到方向，本文就是教你如何找到方向的。1to find the direction, we ought to be patient probably because_.a. it is not easy to find a proper stickb. it is not easy to position the stickc. it takes hours to make the marksd. it takes about half an hour to make the marks解析推理判断题。依据文章中的可以看出，做阴影的标记最费时间，所以要耐心。答案c2the passage would probably be most helpful to_.a. those who draw mapsb. those who get lostc. those who make compassesd. those who do experiments解析推理判断题。依据文章第二段，“我们发现地图上的标记跟身边的不一致”，可以知道这是迷路时的现象，所以答案为b。答案b3which of the following pictures best shows the way of finding the direction of south?解析依据文章中的叙述，可知：离树棍最近的那条线代表的阴影最短，证明当时太阳在天空最高，指向的就是最南方，对应的正好是a。答案a4the author presents this passage by_.a. telling an interesting storyb. describing an activity in a lively wayc. testing an idea by reasoningd. introducing a practical method解析细节理解题。本文介绍的这种方法切实可行，所以作者是通过讲述一个很实用的方法来阐述这篇文章的。答案d*结束阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。ahow often do you travel by plane?how much electricity do you use? these days everyone is worried about the size of their carbon footprint. in order to reduce global warming we need to make our carbon footprints smaller. but how much co2 are we responsible for?a new book by mike berners lee (a leading expert in carbon footprint) might be able to help. how bad are bananas? the carbon footprint of everything looks at the different things we do and buy, and calculates the amount of co2 all of the following created: the ingredients, the electricity used in the brewery, the equipment, the travel and commuting of the beer, and the packaging. its amazing how many different things need to be included in each calculation. and its frightening how much carbon dioxide everything produces.but all of this can help us decide which beer to drink. from berners-lees calculations, its clear that a pint (568ml) of locally-brewed beer has a smaller carbon footprint than a bottle of imported beer. this is because the imported beer has been transported from far away, and it uses more packaging. the local beer only produces 300g of co2, but the imported beer produces 900g! so, one pint of local beer is better for the environment than three cans of cheap foreign lager from the supermarket.berners-lee has even calculated the carbon footprint of cycling to work. nothing is more environmentally-friendly than riding a bike, surely? well, it depends on what youve had to eat before. to ride a bike we need energy and for energy we need food. so if we eat a banana and then ride a kilometer and a half, our footprint is 65g of co2. however, if we eat bacon before the bike ride, its 200g. in fact, bananas are good in general because they dont need packaging, they can be transported by boat and they grow in natural sunlight.so, does this mean that cycling is bad for the environment? absolutely not, for a start, if you cycle, you dont use your car, and the fewer cars on the road, the fewer traffic jams. and cars in traffic jams produce three times more co2 than cars traveling at speed. cycling also makes you healthy and less likely to go to a hospital. and hospitals have very big carbon footprints!so maybe its time for us all to start making some changes. pass me a banana and a pint of local beer, please.1. according to berners-lee, which of the following produces the most carbon dioxide？a. a pint of local beer we drink.b. a pint of imported beer we drink.c. a banana we eat before a bike ride.d. the bacon we eat before a bike ride.2. why are bananas good in general?a. they grow naturally.b. they produces less co2.c. they dont need packaging.d. they provide energy for cycling.3. the underlined word “brewery” in paragraph 3 most probably means “_”.a. a factory where beer is madeb. a machine which makes beerc. a container where beer is storedd. one of the things from which beer is made4. to make our carbon footprints smaller, we should often _.a. cycle to workb. drink more local beerc. calculate the amount of co2d. buy cheap things from the supermarkets5. whats the most suitable title for the passage?a. bikes, beer and bananasb. starting to make changesc. how big is your carbon footprint?d. the carbon footprint of everything参考答案 bbaac *结束短文改错（满分10分）下面文中共有10处语言错误，要求你在错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（/），并在该句下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。例如： it was very nice to get your invitation to spend / weekend with you. luckily i was the amcompletely free then, so ill to say “yes”. ill arrive in bristol at around 8 pm in friday onevening.in march 1984, dr john fellows, who lived in england, and decided to visit his married daughterin the usa. he bought a return air ticket to new york and flew kennedy airport. when he reached, however, he realized that he had forgotten his daughters address. worse even, he discovered he cant remember her family name too! dr fellows spent several hours at the airport tried to think what his daughters name was and where it was which she lived, but with much luck. eventually, he decided that he would have to give up his plan to visit her and he caught a next plane back to england. 参考答案 短文改错（满分10分）in march 1984, dr john fellows, who lived in england, and decided to visit his married daughterin the usa. he bought a return air ticket to new york and flew/ kennedy airport. when he toreached, however, he realized that he had forgotten his daughters address. worse even, he arrived stilldiscovered he cant remember her family name too! dr fellows spent several hours at the couldnt eitherairport tried to think what his daughters name was and where it was which she lived, but trying thatwith much luck. eventually, he decided that he would have to give up his plan to visit her and he nocaught a next plane back to england. the*结束【庖丁解牛】pretend they care when they really dont care all that much. while the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. the point is that people say it all the time when they like.26. how does the author understand maxies word?a. maxie shows her anxiety to the author.b. maxie really wished the author a good day.c. maxie encourages the author to stay happy.d. maxie really worries about the authors security.点拨 d 细节理解题 根据文章的第一段最后两句可知，特别是“cares about me and wishes me well”等字眼。可知道是b项。28. by saying “have a nice day,” a stranger may _.a. try to be polite to youb. express respect to youhitoshi sakamoto, an anthropology student at temple university in tokyo reports similar experiences.question:what is the similarity between doreen sykora and hitoshi sakamoto?a. they are students from the same university. b. they failed in all the examinations.c. they both had experiences of test anxiety. d. they both had the same poor studying habits.exercise 2i used to think education was the most important thing in my life. recently my attitude has begun to change, although i still hold that it is essential for everyone in the world today. as a top junior student in my college, i was asked to make a speech on how to learn english well. standing in front of the audience and facing so many freshmen, i was trembling. i didnt remember any word that i had prepared. i van out of the conference room without finishing my speech, leaving everyone puzzled. i cried that night in my room, feeling that i was a loser. studying takes up so much of my time that i feel unable to really develop myself. i am just storing knowledge, which i cant communicate with others. i have received many awards in school, but they dont necessarily reflect anything about me. i dont know how to socialize. when i leave school 1 fear i will be of no use to society.question:the author feels fearful that she will be of no use to society mainly because .a. she is unable to develop herselfb. studying takes too much of her timec. she does not know how to communicate with othersd. she feels that she is a failureexercise 3however, the best way to see new york is undoubtedly on foot. central park is an ideal place to start a walking tour of new york city843 acres of shining ponds and lush greenery attract locals and tourists. and apart from offering breathtaking scenery, it is a centre for recreation. visitors can listen to music groups, watch performers, walk along the trails and even take a romantic ride in a horse carriage.question:according to the passage , you can do all the following things in central park except .a. enjoy the beautiful scenery b. watch great performance c. go for a swim d. take a ride on a horse carriage.exercise 4be careful when driving on country roads at night in cold weather. cattle and native animals such as kangaroos lie on the bitumen road surface which holds the warmth of the sun. car lights can blind and mesmerize the animals and they may just as easily run into your vehicle as run away from it.question:when driving on a country mad at night in cold weather, divers should be careful not to hita. children b. some animalsc. other cars d. low flying birdsexercise 5there are other kinds of music that are important to americans. one is called folk music. it tells stories about the common life of americans. another is called country music. this was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows they were watching. today, any music about country life and the love between country boy and his girl is called country music.question:from the passage we can learn that country music today is about .a. the common life of americansb. country life and love storiesc. the life of cowboys d. the school life in americaavoid high-fat foods. dishes that look oily or creamy may have large amount of fat. choose learn exercise 2most painters discover a style of painting that suits them and stick to that, especially if people admire their pictures. but picasso, the great spanish painter, was like a man who had not yet found his own particular style of painting. he kept on struggling to find the perfect expression till his death in 1973.some of picassos paintings are rich, soft colored and beautiful. others are ugly, cruel and strange. but such paintings allow us to imagine things for ourselves. they force us to say to ourselves. “what does he see that makes him paint like that? and we begin to look beneath the surface of the things we see.picasso painted thousands of pictures in different styles. sometimes he painted the natural look of things: sometimes he seemed to break them apart and throw the pieces in our faces. he showed us what the mind knows as well as what the eyes see. at the age of 90 he remained as curious about the world as he had been when he was young. that is why people have called him the youngest painter in the world.questions:1. in the passage the writer mainly wants to tell us_a. something about some pictures which have different stylesb. something about picassos style of paintingc. that it is not easy for a painter to find his own styled. that picasso never found his own particular style2. the ugly, cruel and strange paintings by picasso_a. make us try to notice something inside the painted thingsb. allow us to ask questions about themc. force us to question everything we seed. cause us to think that what picasso saw was different from what we see3. picasso is regarded as the youngest painter in the world because_a. he looked young when he was oldb. he observed things with the eyes and the mindc. he never stopped painting even when he was oldd. he never gave up looking for something new4. what do you suppose the writer thinks of picassos paintings?a. he doesnt understand any of them.b. he thinks some of them are valuable, but some are not.c. he admires them, including the ugly ones.d. he doesnt like any of them, but he admires the painter.5. from the third paragraph we can learn that_a. it is never too old to learn b. knowledge is power c. no pains, no gains d. all roads lead to rome帮你归纳这类题主要是针对who, what, which, why, how, when, where等来提问的。如：(1) which of the following statements is true / not true / false, according to the passage?(2