人人文库网 > 图纸下载 > 毕业设计 > 箱式电炉进出料机设计【10张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩通过】

链条支承轴.dwg

箱式电炉进出料机设计【10张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩通过】

资源目录

计划周记进度检查表2.xls---(点击预览)

行走轮.dwg---(点击预览)

箱式电炉进出料机说明书.doc---(点击预览)

压缩包内文档预览：

编号：437674 类型：共享资源大小：6.75MB 格式：RAR 上传时间：2015-05-31 上传人：好资料QQ****51605 IP属地：江苏

45
积分

版权申诉 word格式文档无特别注明外均可编辑修改；预览文档经过压缩，下载后原文更清晰！ 立即下载

关键词：: 箱式电炉进出设计

资源描述：

摘要

随着科技步伐的加快，液压技术在各个领域中得到了广泛应用，液压系统已成为现代金属机械加工机床中最关键的部分之一。本文主要研究的是液压传动系统，液压传动系统的设计需要与主机的总体设计同时进行。设计时，必须从实际情况出发，有机地结合各种传动形式，充分发挥液压传动的优点，力求设计出结构简单、工作可靠、成本低、效率高、操作简单、维修方便的液压传动系统。

关键词：机械加工、液压传动、总体设计

Abstract

With the development of the modern technology, the hydraulic technology has been widely used in the most field of the mechanism. The hydraulic system is the main structure of the modern machining tools. This paper gives design of the system of the hydraulic drives. The design of the hydraulic drives should be processed with the general arrangement of the machine synchronously. We should combine the advantage of the various types of mechanism drives and elaborate the simplest, reliable, lower cost, efficient and more convenience structure of the hydraulic drives.

Keywords: Machining operation Hydraulic transmission General arrangement

摘要III

AbstractIV

1绪论1

1.1本课题的研究内容和意义1

1.2国内外的发展概况1

1.3本课题应达到的要求1

2 液压传动的基本概念和特点2

2.1 液压传动的基本概念2

2.2 液压传动的特点2

2.4 液压系统的设计原则与策略3

2.5 液压系统绿色设计原则3

2.6 设计目的3

2.6.1 设计内容及要求4

2.7 设计中应注意的问题5

3 液压系统的设计6

3.1 液压系统的设计与计算6

3.1.2 液压缸的负载计算[6]9

3.1.3 确定系统的工作压力9

3.2确定液压泵规格和电动机功率及型号12

3.2.1 确定液压泵规格12

3.3确定各类控制阀14

3.4 确定油箱容积与结构16

3.4.1油箱容积的确定16

3.4.2油箱的结构设计16

3.4.3油箱的防噪音问题17

3.5 液压站结构设计18

3.6 选择液压油18

4 液压缸及液压装置的结构设计19

4.1 确定液压缸的结构形式（类型、安装方法、密封形式、缓冲结构、排气等）19

4.2 计算液压缸主要零件的强度和刚度19

4.3 完成液压缸的结构设计和部分零件图23

4.4 选择装配方案25

4.5 绘制部件装配图25

5 液压系统的验算26

5.1 执行元件输出力或力矩及最低最高速度的校核26

5.2 管路系统压力损失计算26

5.3 压力阀调整压力的确定27

5.4 系统热平衡计算与油箱容积的验算27

6结论与展望29

6.1结论29

6.2不足之处与展望29

致谢30

参考文献31

1绪论

1.1本课题的研究内容和意义

液压进给结构对于普通铣床来说是很重要的，本课题主要研究普通铣床上的液压进给结构的改造。改进液压进给结构便于铣床更好的运作，能提高铣床的工作效率以及经济效益。从蓝天到水下，从军用到民用，从重工业到轻工业，到处都有液压传动及控制技术的应用。国外生产的95%的工程机械、90%的数控加工中心、95%的自动生产线都采用了液压传动与控制技术。所以很有必要改进液压进给结构。

1.2国内外的发展概况

机械工业即机器制造工业，机械工业素有“工业的心脏”之称。它是其他经济部门的生产手段，也可说是一切经济部门发展的基础。它的发展水平是衡量一个国家工业化程度的重要标志。为促进民族地区的现代化，必须加速发展机械工业。它是国民的装备部，是为国民经济提供装备和为人民生活提供耐用消费品的产业。普通铣床作为一种专用高效自动化技术设备，已成为大批量机械产品实现高效、高质量和经济性生产的关键型装备，是集机电于一体的综合自动化程度较高的制造技术和成套工艺装备。普通铣床的技术性能和综合自动化水平，在很大程度上决定了这些工业部门产品的生产效率、产品质量和企业生产组织的结构，也在很大程度上决定了企业产品的竞争力。普通铣床在全世界有广泛的应用，液压进给结构在国内外铣床方面都得到了广泛的运用。由于液压技术的应用对机电产品的质量和生产水平的提高起到了极大的促进和保证作用，因而再用液压技术的程度已成为衡量一个国家工业水平的标志。可以预见，随着科学技术的不断发展，液压技术将会在许多工业部门中发挥越来越大的作用。

1.3本课题应达到的要求

由于液压技术的诸多优点，使其发展很快，特别是经过最近半个世纪的飞速发展，液压技术已成为包括传动、控制、检测在内的对现代机械装备技术进步有重要影响的基础技术，其应用遍布各个工业领域。因此设计出结构简单、工作可靠、成本低、效率高、操作简单、维修方便的液压传动系统已变得异常重要。

2 液压传动的基本概念和特点

2.1 液压传动的基本概念

任何一部机器都有传动系统，借组它以达到对动力进行传递和控制的目的，按照传动所采用的机构或工作介质的不同可分为机械传动、电气传动和流体传动。

流体传动是以液体（液体、气体）为工作介质进行能量转换、传递和控制的传动形式。以液体为工作介质时为液体传动；以压缩空气为工作介质时为气体传动。

液体传动又分为性质截然不同的两种传动形式：液压传动和液力传动。液压传动主要利用液体静压能来传递运动和动力，其工作原理基于物理学中的帕斯卡原理，也称静夜传动或容积式传动。液力传动主要利用液体动能来传递运动和动力，其工作原理基于流体力学中的动量矩定理。

2.2 液压传动的特点

液压传动与其他传动方式相比主要有以下特点：

（1）液压传动必须用具有一定压力的液体作为介质。

（2）传动过程中必须经过两次能量转换。首先，液压泵把机械能转化为液体的压力能；然后油液输出液压缸，又通过液压缸把油液的压力能转换成驱动外界负载运动的机械能。

（3）液压传动必须在密封的容积内进行，而且容积要发生变化。如果容积不密封，则不能形成压力；如果容积不变化，则不能实现传递速度的要求。因此，有人把液压传动叫做“容积式液力传动”。

2.3 液压技术的应用

由于液压技术的诸多优点，使其发展很快，特别是经过最近半个世纪的飞速发展，液压技术已成为包括传动、控制、检测在内的对现代机械装备技术进步有重要影响的基础技术，其应用遍布各个工业领域。从蓝天到水下，从军用到民用，从重工业到轻工业，到处都有液压传动及控制技术的应用。国外生产的95%的工程机械、90%的数控加工中心、95%的自动生产线都采用了液压传动与控制技术。由于液压技术的应用对机电产品的质量和生产水平的提高起到了极大的促进和保证作用，因而再用液压技术的程度已成为衡量一个国家工业水平的标志。可以预见，随着科学技术的不断发展，液压技术将会在许多工业部门中发挥越来越大的作用。[1]

2.4 液压系统的设计原则与策略

液压系统是液压机械的一个组成部分，液压系统的设计要同主机的总体设计同步进行。着手设计时，必须从实际出发，有机地结合各种传动形式，充分发挥液压传动的有点，力求设计出结构简单、工作可靠、成本低、效率高、操作简单、维修方便的液压传动系统。

2.5 液压系统绿色设计原则

该设计原则是在传统液压设计中通常依据的技术原则、成本原则和人机工程学原则的基础上纳入环境原则，并将环境原则置于优先考虑的地位。液压系统的设计原则可概括如下。

(1)资源最佳利用原则

少用短缺或稀有的原材料，尽量寻找其代用材料，多用余料或回收材料为原料；提高系统的可靠性和使用寿命；尽量减少产品中材料的种类，以利于产品废弃后有效回收。

(2)能量损耗最少原则

尽量采用相容性好的材料，不采用难以回收的或不能回收的材料，在保证产品耐用的基础上，赋予产品合理的使用寿命，努力减小产品使用过程中的能量消耗。

(3)零污染原则

尽量减少或不用有害的原材料。

(4)技术先进性原则

优化系统性能，在系统设计中树立“小而精”的思想，在同一性能的情况下，通过系统设计小型化，尽量节约材料和资源的使用量，如采用轻质材料、去除多余功能、避免过度包装等，减轻产品重量；简化产品结构，提倡“简而美”的设计原则，如减少零部件数目，这样既便于装配、拆卸，又便于废弃后的分类处理；采用模块化设计，此时产品是由各功能模块组成的，既便于装配、拆卸，又便于废弃后的回收处理，在设计过程中注重产品的多品种及系列化；采用合理工艺，简化产品加工流程，减少加工工序，简化拆卸过程，如结构设计时采用易于拆卸的连接方式、减少紧固件数量、尽量避免破坏性拆卸方式等；尽可能简化产品包装且避免产生二次污染。

(5)整体效益原则

考虑系统对环境产生的附加影响，提供有关产品组成的信息，如材料类型、液压油型号及其回收再用性能。

2.6 设计目的

毕业设计是培养学生综合运用所学的基础理论和专业理论知识，独立解决机床设计问题的能力的一个重要的实践性教学环节。

因此，通过设计应达到下述目的：

1、初步掌握正确的设计思想和设计的基本方法、步骤，巩固、深化和扩大所学的知识，培养理论联系实际的工作方法和独立工作能力。

2、获得机床总体设计，结构设计，零件计算，编写说明书。绘制部件总装图（展开图，装配图）和零件工作图等方面的基本训练及基本技能。

3、熟悉有关标准、规格、手册和资料的应用。

4、对专用机床的夜压系统具有初步分析能力和改进设计的能力。

2.6.1 设计内容及要求

课程设计的内容及具体要求有以下三点[2] ：

(1)机床类型及动作循环要求

我的毕业设计为一台用成型铣刀在工件上加工出成型面的液压专用铣床驱动系统。要求铣床工作台上一次可安装二只工件并能同时进行多工位加工。

机床的工作循环为：

手工上料——按电钮——自动定位加紧——工作台快进——铣削进给——工作台快退——夹具松开——手工卸料。

(2)机床对液压传动系统的具体参数要求如表1-1所示。

表1-1 液压系统参数

液压缸名称负载力（N）移动件重力（N）（速度m/min）行程（mm）启动时间(sec)定位夹紧缸运动时间(sec)

快进工进快退

定位液压缸20020101

夹紧液压缸400040151

进给液压缸2000150060.0356快进工进0.5

30080

工作台采用平导轨,导轨面的静摩擦系数f=0.2,动摩擦系数f=0.1。

(3) 机床的制造及技术经济性问题

该机床为一般技术改造中为适应某种机械加工要求，提高加工效率而在原有特定机床上进行自行设计改造的专用设备，所以力求结构简单，投产快，工作可靠，主要零部件要能适应中小机械工厂的加工能力，并能满足零件互换性要求，配合电气控制可以实现单机半自动化工作的要求。

2.7 设计中应注意的问题

设计要求或机构功能要求是做任何设计的依据，液压与气动传动设计时要明确液压与气动传动系统的动作和性能要求，这里一般要考虑以下几方面[3] ：

1）该设备中，哪些运动需要液压或气压传动完成，各执行机构的运动形式及动作幅度；

2）对液压或气压装置的空间布置、安装形式、重量、外形尺寸的限制等；

3）执行机构载荷形式和大小；

4）执行机构的运动速度，速度变化范围以及对运动平稳性的要求；

5）各执行机构的动作顺序，彼此之间的联锁关系，实现这些运动的操作或控制方式；

6）自动化程度、效率、温升、安全保护、制造成本等方面的要求；

7）工作环境方面的要求，如温度、湿度、振动、冲击、防尘、防腐、抗燃性能等；

另外对主机的功能、用途、工艺流程也必须了解清楚，力求设计的系统更加切合实际。

全部文件.gif

进出料机总成.gif

进出料机布置图.gif

减速机圆锥齿轮.gif

大链轮.gif

滚轮.gif

内容简介：: 编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目：箱式电炉进出料机设计信机系机械工程及自动化专业学号： 0923257学生姓名：苏炜指导教师：刘新佳（职称：副教授）（职称：）2013年5月25日目录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目：箱式电炉进出料机设计信机系机械工程及自动化专业学号： 0923257 学生姓名：苏炜指导教师：刘新佳（职称：副教授）（职称：）2012年11月20日课题来源RJX759T和RX959型箱式电炉是热处理行业常用的加热设备，但由于炉膛深、装料困难，目前多采用简易辅助设备装料或直接把工件扔入炉膛，工人劳动条件差、工件极易碰撞炉衬，炉衬使用寿命大多不足一年；此外，因装料时间长，电能损耗很大。为此，某企业拟开发适用的箱式电炉进出料机，因此选定箱式电炉进出料机设计这一工厂实际课题为本次毕业设计课题。科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）（1）课题的科学意义在我国，箱式电炉应用十分广泛。使用这种设备，大都是人工操作，劳动强度很大，操作工靠近炉膛和工件，受到严重的高温热辐射伤害，且危及安全生产。对这些量大面广的箱式电炉必须要做些改造工作，要随着工艺的进步与技术改造更新而采用更加完善的设备替代，更要做一些力所能及的改造工作逐步改善其作业环境。为箱式电炉设计一个进出料机就是一种改善其工作环境的有效方式。（2）国内外研究概况、水平好发展趋势箱式电炉系周期作业式，供实验室、工矿企业、科研单位作元素分析测定和一般小型钢件淬火、退火热处理等用。电阻炉外形多为长方形，炉壳系采用角钢、冷轧板焊接制成，表面静电喷涂。炉膛采用耐火材料烧结成形，加热元件置于其中，炉膛与炉壳之间用保温材料砌筑，炉门通过铰架固定于炉口处，启闭简便。配套控制器与电炉分体连接，以适应工作位置的安装摆放。控温仪表分为指针式 A：数显式 AS：智能式 ASP:智能多段。（3）应用前景箱式电炉进出料机在箱式电炉的作业中具有经济、节能及改善生产环境的作用。一个好的箱式电炉进出料机可以让生产变得更加高效安全。即提高了生产效率又提高了工人的安全。研究内容设计原始参数，并依据原始参数绘制零件工序图以及零件加工示意图；完成满足生产需要的工程设计图一套（折合零号图3张以上），包括：箱式电炉总成图、机架图、减速机圆锥齿轮图等；编制设计说明书一份；完成英文翻译资料一份。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析1、研究方法、技术路线、实验方案（1）箱式电炉进出料机总体设计：具体工作是编制结构总图，以及机架图、加工示意图、零件图，确定工作过程、主要性能指标。（2）传动机构设计：设计锥齿轮、锥齿轮轴、传动轴、减速箱体。（3）行走机构设计：对机构进行受力分析，计算轮轴和滚轮扭矩，计算减速机的输出扭矩和输出功率。（4）推拉机构的设计：设计链轮和链条，设计中间长轴。（5）校核：校核钢管弯曲强度和螺旋。2、可行性分析查阅相关设计资料，了解设计过程。熟悉零件各种配合方式和参数的计算，熟练运用AutoCAD软件做出机械零件和装配图，以及编制说明书。最后整理资料，完成毕业设计论文。研究计划及预期成果研究计划：2012年11月12日-2012年12月2日：初步阅读资料，完成毕业设计开题报告。2012年12月3日-2013年1月20日：专业实训。2013年1月21日-2013年3月1日：毕业实习，同时完成英文资料的翻译。2013年3月4日-2013年3月8日：专机总体方案设计。2013年3月11日-2013年3月15日：专机总体方案设计。2013年3月18日-2013年3月22日：绘制专机总图。2013年3月25日-2013年3月29日：绘制专机总图。2013年4月1日-2013年4月5日：绘制机架图。2013年4月8日-2013年4月12日：绘制机架图。2013年4月15日-2013年4月19日：绘制滚轮图、小链轮图、链条支撑轴图。2013年4月22日-2013年4月26日：绘制大链轮图、减速机圆锥齿轮图。2013年4月29日-2013年5月3日：绘制滚轮座图。2013年5月6日-2013年5月10日：绘制行走轮图。2013年5月13日-2013年5月17日：检查、修改、完善、撰写设计说明书。2013年5月20日-2013年5月25日：资料整理、装订、准备答辩。预期成果：达到预期的使用效果：完成工程设计图一套以及说明书一份。特色或创新之处箱式电炉进出料机在箱式电炉的作业中具有经济、节能及改善生产环境的作用。箱式电炉进出料机可以让生产变得更加高效安全。即提高了生产效率又提高了工人的安全。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题已经进过专业课程设计等的相关训练，还经过毕业实习的实习。此外，为了本次毕业设计进行了前期调研，相关资料的搜集，已做好技术设计的相关准备工作，设计思路及方案已基本明确。但任有问题尚需解决，如箱式电炉进出料机总体方案的设计，还需根据零件图进行详细的分析设计等，其中依旧存在着一定问题。指导教师意见指导教师签名：年月日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见教研室主任签名：年月日系意见主管领导签名：年月日英文原文Mechanical Technology in the rubber industry outlined in the application In the development of human society is the modern process. Rubber Industries is an indispensable Economy, Trade and Industry. In the rubber industry in the development of rubber technology and rubber machinery (or electromechanical) to the progress and development of technology played an important role in promoting this. The development of rubber industry, rubber and rubber machinery industry technology constitutes of technical rubber products all the technical process and industrial technology system. In 1820 by the British made the human-driven single-roller rubber mixing machine. 1826 twin-roll Drum open rubber mixing machine into production beginning of the human rubber machinery production prelude. So far, human society has been the application of rubber machinery 180 years of history. Since 1839. A series of rubber machinery and equipment will come out, in addition to the application of vulcanized rubber vulcanization facilities, and other rubber machinery, such as plunger hose extrusion machine (1858), screw extruder (1879), rubber rolling mill (1843 1900), Closed rubber mixing machine (1916) rubber machinery and equipment. At that time, has spent the rubber industry production process, the promotion of the development of rubber industry has played a facilitating role.1904, lead oxide, magnesium oxide, such as the discovery of inorganic curing agent, in particular 1919 organic to fide D, the discovery and use of M, and further promote the improvement of production efficiency has greatly improved the performance of the use of rubber products, expanded use. 1920 accession the carbon black to rubber, makes rubber products would be an overall improvement in performance and improvement. Therefore, the application of carbon black in rubber is improve the industry and promoting the progress and all-round development. In the early 20th century and the middle of the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain, Germany, France and other countries, has invented a synthetic rubber industrial technologies, and the establishment of a series of synthetic rubber production equipment and factories. Coupled with the regions natural rubber production of large-scale resources for the mankind modern rubber industry opened up the comprehensive development of the material resource base. Is a highly flexible rubber typical materials, its physical properties are very complicated. Most of the processing of rubber molding process are similar to the melt flow and deformation process, but also in the processing of rubber products, the Health and plastic to go through plastic necklace, mixing, pressure-type, shape, curing process procedures, in order to become products. In the modern chemical products, such as rubber, plastics, paints, fibers, lubricants, ceramics, and other similar material production and engineering applications, the complexity of its mechanical properties. Purely based on the elasticity, viscosity or plasticity theory can not meet these materials processing requirements of the deformation process. So based on the nature of the complex mechanics of the research topic - theological theory will be referred to the new human research subjects on the agenda. 1928, the United States set up the Evolution Society, 1940, the British set up the theological Club (later renamed the Institute of Evolution). In addition, the Netherlands, West Germany, France, Japan and other countries have also set up a corresponding flow Institute. 1948 convene the International Society of Theology. In 1953 the establishment of the International Association of theology is hold. Since then one involving applied mathematics, physics, elasticity, the material mechanics, fluid mechanics, geology, engineering and other subjects on the verge of disciplines - have emerged theology, and gradually has been extensively applied. Theology not only in the rubber, plastics, coatings, printing, Portland, foodstuffs, and other industrial production has been extensively applied, but also to infrastructure, machinery, transport, irrigation, chemical industry and many other industrial sectors: involves many substances from solid to liquid processes. Theology made in the rubber industry. Widely used in the processing of rubber molding products research and application. Such as rubber mixing、rolling、extrusion、injection molding and other processes. Because of its macromolecular polymer chain structure and movement characteristics of the physical state gathered on showing four kinds of physical state: a crystalline and non-crystalline 3 crystalline (glass state, high-elastic state, viscous flow state).Rubber in normal circumstances is the use of high-elastic state. In the course of processing molding viscous flow state, in the vulcanized only basic treatment before losing mobility, and a high flexibility based elastic material. Because of the late 19th century and early 20th century, the theory of rubber is exploration and the principles of the invention. Especially theology and application of the theoretical study of the development of rubber industry makes, whether in the filler, vulcanization accelerator, or in the process principle aspects have undergone profound changes. On the development of the rubber industry is a qualitative change. At the same time, all kinds of rubber machinery also made great progress and development. At that time, not only the names many rubber machinery, and its structure, specifications, varieties, and so had been reached a certain level of the scale, fine, and the degree of automation and linkage. If rubber mechanical transmission power to hundreds of to thousands of kilowatts stem watts, which weight machines to a few hundred tons. Rubber products in the process of production plastic necklace, mixing, rolling, extrusion, molding, in the process of curing six have a complete matching of mechanical devices.Compound rubber machinery industry is one of the basic equipment. At present production machinery to open dozens of rubber mixing. Health glue used plastic necklace, plastic material mixing; pressed for the compression machine for plastic, decorticating machine compound mainly used for preheating and plastic; crusher for crushing such as natural rubber, remove plastic washing machine for Health and plastic waste compound impurities; mill mainly used for waste plastic block grinding; refining machine used to remove the hard plastic renewable impurities; reclaimed rubber mixing machine, mainly for the reclaimed rubber pinch; breathing machine for plastic pressure breathing Film compression; crepe-pressure machine, mainly for crepe-compression; experimental rubber mixing machine, the main compound used in a small number of experiments, etc. . Rubber rolling mill, which is rubber products processing in the process of one of the basic equipment. Since 1843 three-roll calendar application, we have 160 years of development history. From the modern to modern specifications and various new calendar will continue to emerge, its specifications, speed, semi product of high accuracy, a high degree of automation machinery, the machinery has become the modern calendar of the main structural features. At present production largest calendar has reached more than 1055 3000 (mm), roller line speed of up to 120(m / min) above, the semi-finished calendar has reached its thickness error within 0.0025 (mm). And achieve full electronic control of the computer and automation level. The Closed Compound (mixer), rubber and plastic mixing refining is one of the main equipment. The development of modern mixer, a high-speed, high-pressure and high-performance characteristics, and is divided into low-speed (20 to the rotor speed / min), the velocity (speed of 30 to 40 / min) and high-speed (60 to speed / min) 3. In recent years also appear to speed in the 80 / mixer at high speed over armed Rubber extruder (screw extruder), the worlds first since 1879-screw extruder Since the birth of all kinds of screw extruder machinery in a large number of different varieties have been supporting complete specification has been adapted to different product performance characteristics of the request. If pressure extrusion machine, mainly for the shape of the semi-finished production; filter plastic extrusion machine for removing plastic mix and the Health and the impurity; plastic extrusion machine for the continuous plastic glue Health: granulation extruders for plastic compound and the Health and the granulation; compression extruder. To compound the pressure plate; desulfurization renewable plastic extruder for the desulfurization: extrusion dehydration mixing rubber extruder for dehydration and regeneration plastic dry: Cable extruder for the cable coated molding; row Gas extruder. The mixing compound got out of the air and water and volatile compounds, such as low-molecular-weight. These specifications complete extrusion machinery, the development of the rubber industry and was credited. It has become the driving force of the rubber products processing and optimization of the equipment. Injection Molding Machine, also known as the Note Press, mainly for the production of rubber molded products. Note pressure machinery, its structure, is divided into horizontal injection press, vertical injection press, injection machine and the Multi-Position Press Note 4. Press each note is divided into many different sizes of the specifications. Tire rubber industry is the largest number one product. Whether raw materials from the use of rubber and rubber products, put out of rubber products which occupy the lions share of the market, consume about 80% of the volume of rubber resources. Therefore, the tire molding machinery is also important. Since the invention of pneumatic tire in 1888, with the development of the automobile industry, various specifications, the various properties of a large number of rubber tires. A high-performance, high-quality car, if there is no corresponding performance and quality of the tire support is equivalent to scrap general. And the development of tire industry tire molding machinery participation is crucial. Tubeless tire or whether they would have to be certain to die molding machinery stereotypes. Forming particular tire, tire production is in the process of core processes, tire various parts of the assembly process, will soon cord, bead, wrapper, tread, and other components of processed into paste composition tire embryo. Therefore tire molding machinery determines to a large extent the performance and quality of tires. As human socio-economic and cultural progress and development, a wide range of a large number of vehicles. Therefore the various types and specification is endless. Such as cars, buses, trucks, construction vehicles and other special vehicles and aircraft, which have their own dedicated tire varieties and specifications. In recent years there has high strength and high wear resistance of the steel skeleton radial tire, making automobile tires, performance and the structure and quality to a new level. This constant tire molding machinery put out a higher demand. Tire molding machine many of the types, according to the method of forming: sleeve-law and two kinds of stickers; by shaping the contours of the drum: drum, semi-drum, and the core-wheeled four-wheel-core. In addition, all other uses of different shapes and rubber products, there is a basic molding process. Therefore a variety of rubber molding machines and even offers a dazzling. Only a wide variety of ring is tens of thousands of species on the number. This shows that the rubber molding machinery industry is also very complicated and very important. Vulcanization machinery, a variety of rubber products of the final steps in the processing machinery, mainly for the various rubber products, plastic, rubber products, such as sulfide processing. The main structure of three kinds of forms: one is flat vulcanize, and the autoclave (including pressure autoclave) and the drum machine sulfide. Flat-curing the use of broader is more variety. In addition to direct use of vulcanized rubber products processing, can also be used in the plastics industry thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic plastics processing repression. Because of their body structure and working principle is basically the same. The types and forms are many. According to the purpose, has the vulcanized rubber model of flat products, with flat-curing machine, V-belt plate curing machine, sheet plate curing machine. Vulcanized rubber products tank is the first production application of curing equipment, mainly for the vulcanization of rubber products work. Can also be used to autoclave the curing soles, adhesive tape and model products. Therefore, omnipotent said curing machine. Drum curing machine, belt and the V-belt two categories. Mainly used for curing surface shape and surface quality of the special requirements of thin strip of rubber products, such as tread rubber and plastic sheet printing and dyeing, such as the conduction band. If accompanied by the necessary accessories device can be used to transport sulfide zone, belts and other similar products vulcanized rubber processing. Drum Machine continuous vulcanization sulfide, easy assembly and the formation of automated production lines. Substantially reduce labor intensity and improve efficiency and product quality.For the development of rubber industry, mechanical and process technology research determines its speed and level of development determines the performance and quality of products. Generally speaking, industrial technology research and product cycle faster some frequency. Changes in technology and machinery cycle is slow, it decided to change the cycle of the life of the equipment, work efficiency and product quality. It is precisely because of machinery and equipment has a clear life, it makes the certain inertia of the operation. Thus create a difficult change or do not need rapid changes in the direct experience. This is a reality for many people, the community and even some scientific research and departments only attaches great importance to technology innovation and ignore changes in mechanical and technological advances and the development of one of the main reasons. The mindset of the people is to determine awareness of changes and developments. Any material production originated in the first production practice on the real social needs of the objective.or the rubber industry development, which is not only the normal process of production is rubber products. Mechanical technology and the increasing need in-depth study of technology and joint development of modern commodity market competitive situation also not tolerate such people wait wait-and-see or delay time, and in addition to the sustenance of mankind growing material and cultural wealth, the need for rapid development of the rubber industry, large piles of scrap rubber, people also need to face the urgent and effective treatment. This is not only the rubber resources conservation needs, but also the living environment of human security requirements. To solve the normal development of rubber industry and scrap rubber recycling use of resources, only mechanical technology and the joint development of technology to achieve their goals. Contemporary rubber industry development so that the waste rubber recycling of resources must take machines improvement and progress in the joint development of the road is the only correct way. And the improvement of machinery technology is the essence of mechanical work of the progress of chemical process technology is the core content of their joint development of the modern rubber industry is able to quickly and efficiently optimize and promote the development of intrinsic motivation. Of course also includes scientific management technology decision-making body elements.Machinery, physics, chemistry (or chemical), the four basic skills of a development of the human society science technology system, and science and technology system known as compulsory, and social management technology is soft science and technology system. Taken Flex became a more complete scientific and technological system. Rubber industry in the development of rubber industry and technology and scientific management technology industries with the economic structure of the industry is related to the development of rubber industry carrot and stick scientific measures. Mechanical Technology is a hard attribute technology, technology is a soft attributes, which is a carrot and stick form of the technology. In the mechanical technology of the technical attributes of both tangible and intangible. All of investigation and study, the work of design techniques are soft attributes that in the manufacturing of construction involves the technical attributes of hardware technology, the results of pre-main soft technology embodied in the design and construction drawings and manuals; after a hard stage technical achievements on various material on the output of products. This is a hard and soft technology into the outcome of the objective process. Rubber industrial development, we must attach importance mechanical technology and the joint development of technology. Strengthening the role of rubber machinery technology, mechanical technology to the development and application, the whole social development is not only the production of the material and cultural needs, but also the harmonious development of the ecological environment of human needs, but also to be cherished rubber, Using and frugal behavior needs . 中文译文机械技术在橡胶工业中的应用概述在人类社会发展的现代进程中橡胶工业也是一门不可缺少的经济产业。而在橡胶工业发展过程中，橡胶工艺及橡胶机械（或机电）技术的进步和发展起了重要的推动作用。橡胶工业的发展，橡胶工业技术及橡胶机械技术构成了橡胶制品的全部技术过程和产业技术体系。1820年英国制成了由人力驱动的单辊式炼胶机。1826年双辊筒式的开放式炼胶机投入生产，拉开了人类橡胶机械生产的序幕。至今，人类社会橡胶机械的应用已有180多年的历史了。 1839年以来一系列的橡胶机械设备陆续问世，除适应橡胶硫化技术应用的硫化设备外，其他橡胶机械,如柱塞式胶管挤出机（1858年）,螺杆挤出机（1879年），橡胶压延机（18431900年），密闭式炼胶机（1916年）。等橡胶机械设备。先后投入当时的橡胶工业生产过程，对推动橡胶工业的发展起了一定的促进作用。 1904年，氧化铅、氧化镁等无机硫化剂的发现，特别是1919年有机硫化促进剂D、M的发现和应用，进一步促进了生产效率的提高，大大改善了橡胶制品的使用性能，扩大了使用范围。1920年把炭黑加入橡胶中，才使得橡胶制品的性能得以全面改善和提高。因此，炭黑的应用又促进了橡胶工业进步和全面发展。20世纪初及中叶，苏联、美国、英国、德国、法国等国家，先后发明了合成橡胶工业技术。并建立了一系列橡胶合成生产装置及工厂。再加上东南亚地区的天然橡胶资源生产的规模化，为人类现代橡胶工业的全面发展开辟了物质资源基础。橡胶是一种高弹性的典型材料，其物理性能十分复杂。大多数橡胶的加工成型过程都有近似熔体的流动和变形过程，而且在橡胶产品的加工过程中，生胶要经过塑炼、混炼、压型、成型、硫化的工艺程序，才能成为产品。在现代化工产品中，诸如橡胶、塑料、油漆、纤维、润滑油、陶瓷等一类材料的生产及工程技术的应用，对其材料的复杂力学性质依据单纯的弹性力学、粘性理论或塑性理论都不能满足这些材料加工过程的形变要求。于是一种基于对复杂介质力学性质的研究课题流变学理论便提到了人类新学科研究的议事日程。1928年，美国成立了“流变学会”，1940年，英国成立了流变学俱乐部（后改为流变学会）。此外，荷兰、西德、法国、日本等国家也相应成立了流变学会。1948年召开了国际流变学会。1953年成立了国际流变协会。从此一门涉及到应用数学、物理学、弹性力学、材料力学、流体力学、地质学、工程学及其他学科的边缘学科流变学应运而生，并逐渐得到广泛应用。流变学不仅在橡胶、塑料、涂料、印刷、硅酸盐、食品等工业生产中得到广泛应用，还涉及到基本建设、机械、运输、水利、化学工业等众多工业部门：涉及到许多物质从固体到液体的变化过程。流变学在橡胶工业中。广泛应用于橡胶制品加工成型的研究和应用。如对橡胶的混炼、压延、挤出、注射成型等加工过程。高聚物由于它的大分子链状结构和运动特点，在物理聚集态上呈现出4种物理状态：即1个结晶态和3个非结晶态（玻璃态、高弹态、粘流态）。橡胶在正常使用情况下是高弹态而在加工成型过程中是粘流态，只有在硫化处理后才基本失去流动性，而变成以高弹性为主的弹性体材料。由于19世纪末和20世纪初，对橡胶工艺理论的原理探索和发明。特别是流变学理论的研究和应用使得橡胶工业的发展，无论是在填充剂、硫化促进剂方面，还是在工艺原理方面都发生了深刻变化。对橡胶工业的发展产生了一次质的变化。同时，各种橡胶机械也有了很大的进步和发展。当时的橡胶机械不仅名目众多，而且其结构、规格、品种等都巳达到一定水平的规模化、精细化、自动化和联动化程度。如有的橡胶机械传动功率达到数百干瓦至数千千瓦，机器重量达到几百吨。在橡胶制品生产过程的塑炼、混炼、压延、压出、成型、硫化六个工艺过程中都有了配套齐全的机械装置。炼胶机械是橡胶工业的基本设备之一。目前生产的开放式炼胶机械达数十种。主要用于生胶的塑炼，胶料的混炼；压片机用于压片、供胶；热炼机主要用于胶料预热和供胶；破碎机用于天然橡胶的破碎等，洗胶机用于除去生胶和废胶中的杂质；粉碎机主要用于废胶块的粉碎；精炼机主要用于除去再生胶中的硬杂质；再生胶混炼机，主要用于再生胶的捏炼；烟胶压片机用于烟胶片压片等；绉片压片机，主要用于绉片压片工作；实验用炼胶机，主要用于各种少量胶料的实验工作等。橡胶压延机，也是橡胶制品加工过程中的基本设备之一。自1843年三辊压延机应用以来，已有160多年的发展历史了。从近代到现代各种不同规格和新型的压延机不断涌现，其规格大、速度快、半制品精度高、机器自动化程度高，已成为现代压延机械的主要结构特征。目前生产的压延机最大规模已达到10553000毫米以上，辊筒线速度高达120米分以上，压延的半成品其厚度误差已达到0.0025毫米以内。并达到采用电子计算机和全程控制的自动化水平。密闭式炼胶机（简称密炼机），是橡胶的塑炼和混炼的主要设备之一。现代密炼机的发展，具有高速、高压和高效能的特点，并分为低速（转子转速为20转分）、中速（转速为3040转分）和高速（转速为60转分）3种。近年来还出现转速在80转分以上的高速密炼机械。橡胶挤出机（螺杆挤出机），自1879年世界第一台螺杆挤出机诞生以来，各种形式的螺杆挤出机械大量出现，不同规格品种已配套齐全，已适应不同产品性能特点的要求。如压型挤出机，主要用于各

温馨提示:
1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明，都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
2: 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等，如果需要附件，请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
3.本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸，网页内容里面会有图纸预览，若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑，并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容，请与我们联系，我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

人人文库网所有资源均是用户自行上传分享，仅供网友学习交流，未经上传用户书面授权，请勿作他用。