蓄电池外壳热封口机设计【11张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩通过】

摘要封口机是一种包装机械，目前在我国非常落后，特别是火工产品包装设备，基本为手工和半自动包装。本设计为设计一台全自动塑料盒封口机，用于蓄电池的包装。通过对封口机的使用条件、功能及设计参数的分析，将机器的总功能分为功能元，提出各功能元的最优方案；根据最优方案进行结构设计、具体零部件的材料选择、强度计算，最终确定零部件结构尺寸；再根据总体方案进行系统的总驱动、总控制设计。经过一番对气动系统和控制系统的研究，了解其工作原理及控制方法，就可以认识到封口机的工作过程。蓄电池外壳热封口机的基本结构设计是由一个机架组架、上料传动机构、上下料机构、精密模架双头封口机构、气缸-连杆増力机构和气动系统、液压缸-连杆増力机构和液压系统、电器控制系统及软件。其所实现的快速封口主要由上下料机构决定，其主要由三个气缸-连杆机构统和三个具有双圆弧的推动薄片所形成的动力系统，盛放上下料机构的侧立板以及其上的定位装置和精密模架双头封口机构。此封口机通过气缸来实现盒子的运动，加热，冷却及夹紧。通过此封口机，可以实现人力的解放，并更好的保证了产品的安全，提高包装质量，提升生产效率，进而获得更大的利润。关键词：封口机；包装机械；功能；气动系统；控制系统Abstract Sealing machine is one kind of packaging machinery, we are currently lagging far behind other country, especially the explosive product packaging device, basically depend on the manual and semi-automatic packaging. The design of the plastic box of automatic sealing machine is use for Storage battery fully. Sealing machine through the use of the conditions, functions and design parameters of the analysis, the overall function of the machine is divided into functional element, the element of the function of the optimal program; in accordance with the structural design of the optimal program, the specific components of the material selection, strength calculated to determine the ultimate size parts; overall plan is based on the total driving system, the total control design. After a series of pneumatic system, control system research and then you can understand its working principle and control methods, and it will show you the work of the process of sealing machine. The basic structure of the battery casing heat sealing machine is designed by a rack set of frame transmission mechanism, feeding, loading and unloading mechanism, precision mold base double sealing mechanism, cylinders - rod increase the force of institutions and pneumatic systems, hydraulic cylinders - rod increasing force agencies and hydraulic systems, electrical control systems and software. The rapid sealing of its achievement is mainly determined by the upper and lower feed mechanism consists of three main cylinder - linkage mechanism system , three double sheet in promoting the formation of the power system, in full bloom the lateral plate of the upper and lower feeding mechanism and on the positioning device and precision mold base stud sealing mechanism. The Sealing machine transits the cylinder to achieve the movement, heating, cooling and clamping of the box. Through the sealing machine, you can achieve the liberation of human and it can better guarantee the safety of the product and improve the quality of packaging and elevate product efficiency, then earning more profit. Key words: Sealing machine； packaging machinery；function； pneumatic system； control system目录摘要IIIAbstractIV目录V1 绪论11.1 本课题的研究内容和目的11.1.1 本课题的研究目的11.1.2 本课题研究的主要内容11.2 国内外的发展概况21.2.1 包装机械的概述21.2.2 封口机的概述31.2.3 封口机的国内外研究情况41.3 自动化生产线技术概述41.3.1 自动生产线的发展历程41.3.2 自动化技术的发展趋势62 课题解析及其任务设计72.1课题背景及意义72.2 塑料盒设计内容及技术参数、要求72.2.1 设计用途72.2.2 设计技术参数72.2.3 塑料盒技术要求82.3 进行该设计的知识准备83 总体方案的制定与设计93.1 塑料盒的总功能分析93.2 功能分解93.2.1 塑料盒封口功能的分解103.2.2 塑料盒自动输送功能的分解103.2.3 过程控制103.3 各功能元的原理方案设计、分析、评价及选定113.3.1 常用的封口形式113.3.2 封口装置的移动123.3.3 封口参数的制定133.3.4 塑料盒的定位133.3.5 塑料的夹紧143.3.6 塑料盒的移动143.3.7 塑料盒的驱动153.3.8 塑料盒输送的控制153.4 蓄电池外壳热封口机的组成及工艺流程153.4.1 封口机的工艺流程153.4.2 封口机的主要装置154 加热装置的设计164.1 气缸的设计及计算164.1.2 确定气缸行程164.1.3 确定气缸结构类型164.2 加热模板的设计174.2.1 技术关键174.2.2 结构设计174.2.3 材料的选择184.3 加热装置的其他结构的设计184.3.1 隔热的设计184.3.2 加热装置位置调整设计185 冷却装置的设计205.1 冷却模板的设计205.1.1 冷却模板设计的技术关键205.1.2 冷却模板的结构设计205.2 冷却装置的结构设计216 盒输送装置的设计226.1 盒输送装置设计原理226.2 盒输送气缸设计、计算226.2.1 气缸类型及结构的选择226.2.2 气缸参数计算226.3 推板导向装置236.3.1 直线导轨副类型的选择236.3.2 滚动直线导轨的参数选择计算236.3.3 选型247 蓄电池外壳热封口机总体设计267.1 气压传动系统的设计267.2 控制系统的设计267.2.1 控制流程图267.2.2 IO点分配287.2.3 程序梯度图297.3 封口机的机架设计297.4 封口机的总装图308 结论与展望318.1结论318.2不足之处及未来展望31致谢32参考文献331 绪论1.1 本课题的研究内容和目的1.1.1 本课题的研究目的目前我国蓄电池塑料盒封口设备比较落后，基本为手工和半自动封口，不但存在许多安全隐患，而且工人的劳动强度大，生产能力非常小，包装质量很难保证。本设计为一台蓄电池外壳热封口机设计，用于某集团公司的蓄电池塑料盒的盒盖与盒身的焊接封口。该封口机既可以提高劳动生产率，减轻工人的劳动强度，同时还可以消除安全隐患，提高了塑料盒封口设备的自动化和先进性，而且产品的封口质量更容易保证。 1.1.2 本课题研究的主要内容 1）蓄电池外壳热封口机的基本结构设计是由一个机架组架、上料传动机构、上下料机构、精密模架双头封口机构、气缸-连杆増力机构和气动系统、液压缸-连杆増力机构和液压系统、电器控制系统及软件。其所实现的快速封口主要由上下料机构决定，其主要由三个气缸-连杆机构统和三个具有双圆弧的推动薄片所形成的动力系统，盛放上下料机构的侧立板以及其上的定位装置和精密模架双头封口机构。其运行过程为蓄电池在上料传动机构上运行到指定位置，气动-连杆机构启动，推动双圆弧薄片将两个电池推到上下料机构上，在固定的定位系统上定位，液压缸-连杆机构启动，通过机架组传动系统使精密模架封口机构快速向下运动，是电池快速封口，在向上运动，回到原来的位置，第二个气缸-连杆机构启动，将两个电池推到横向定位系统上，第三个气缸-连杆机构运行，将两个电池推到上料传动机构上运到包装线上。由电器系统和软件控制的上述气动和液压系统，使其连续不断的进行生产。其中第二和第三气缸-连杆机构可以同时启动，这样可以节省时间提高效率。架组件包括方形机架及其地脚，在方形机架上安装有下支板、中支板和上支板；在下支板和中支板之间对称安装有两个支撑筒，支撑筒内分别安装有拉杆，且拉杆过中支板与上支板连接；在两个支撑筒中间，下支板上安装液压缸-连杆机构及液压系统。在中中支板和上支板之间安装精密模架双头封口机构；在中支板上面安装着上料传动机构和上料传动机构的侧立板，侧立板的中间部位安装有上下料机构；中支板下面安装有气动系统；电器控制系统安装在所述的方形机架的右端。 2）蓄电池外壳热封口机结构的优化：紧密的排放各种机构节省空间，将机构的各个零件打磨，在不影响精度的情况下节省材料、美观、安装方便。改良电器控制统及软件，使其不断的进行加工并且不互相干涉。 3）蓄电池外壳热封口机结构的二维图是由机构的主视图、俯视图、液压缸-连杆机构的局部视图，电器控制系统电路图、气动系统和液压系统的控制系统回路图。 4）蓄电池外壳热封口机的机构的三维图包括各个零件的三维立体图和由各个零件装配所形成的装配图组成。1.2 国内外的发展概况1.2.1 包装机械的概述包装机械是指能完成全部或部分产品和商品包装过程的机械。包装过程包括充填、裹包、封口等主要工序，以及与其相关的前后工序，如清洗、堆码和拆卸等。此外，包装还包括计量或在包装件上盖印等工序。使用机械包装产品可提高生产率，减轻劳动强度，适应大规模生产的需要，并满足清洁卫生的要求。从广义角度而言，新中国成立之后，我国的基础包装机械工业才开始起步，经过半个多世纪的发展，和国际先进水平仍然有不小的差距，一些技术含量高的包装成套设备仍需要依靠进口。有资料显示，2005年我国包装机械产量已达到67万台(套)，到2010年将增至93万台(套)。目前，我国包装机械已成为机械工业中的十大行业之一。但我国包装机械出口额还不足这一行业总产值的5%，进口额却与总产值大抵相当。当然从整体而言，目前我国大多数据技术较为先进的包装机械的研发还处在仿制阶级，独立开发的能力还十分有限。为此，不少国外大企业将自己的技术和部件引入中国，在本土加工,从而降低了成本，与本土产品展开了激烈的竞争。包装链高度自动化的大部分包装工作，特别是较复杂的包装物品的排列、装配等工作基本上是人工操作，难以保证包装的统一和稳定，可能造成对被包装产品的污染。因此，提高整个包装链的自动化水平和质量水平，是非常重要的。真正的现代化包装机械的每个机械手均应由电脑控制，并具有对材质及厚度的高分辨能力。业内人士认为，未来包装业将配合产业自动化趋势，在技术发展上朝着机械功能多元化，结构设计标准化、模组化，控制智能化，结构高精度化等几个方向发展。机械功能多元化已趋向精致化和多元化方向发展，单品种大批量的产品越来越少，而多品种小批量的产品日益成为主流。在大环境的变化趋势下，多元化、具有多种切换功能，能适应多种包材和模具更换的包装机才能够适应市场的需求。例如，在一台泡罩包装机上既能进行“铝塑”包装又能进行“铝铝”包装，且要求切换简单，所需更换的模具少。而目前，更换模具的时间一般在12个小时，如此长的时间无法适应多品种小批量的生产要求。结构设计标准模块化对于传统的工业设计来说，如果想要推出一个新机型，需要进行大量繁重的工作，还要靠新设备收回高昂的设计成本，从而拉高了新机型的价格。未来的设计应采用标准化、模块化的设计理念，能够充分利用原有机型的模块化设计，可以在短时间内将之转换成新机型，把新机型的价格控制在比较合理的范围内。控制功能智能化控制系统是机械设备的大脑，也是下达动作指令的核心装置。目前，包装机械生产厂家普遍使用可编程控制器（PLC控制器），这种设备不具有工业电脑（PC）所拥有的强大功能。对于多数传统机械控制设备来说，采用PLC是适当的，因为需要控制参数的数量有限，很多地方仍然采用机械方式控制，例如，扭矩控制就是利用机械离合器来对电机进行过载保护的。然而，随着设备自动化程度的提高，计算机控制设备越来越多，应用到设备上的各种传感部件、检测部件、控制部件、执行元件的数量非常庞大，此时PLC就无法对如此众多的参数进行管理和控制了，而工业PC将是最好的选择2。

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关键词：: 蓄电池外壳封口机设计

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摘要

封口机是一种包装机械，目前在我国非常落后，特别是火工产品包装设备，基本为手工和半自动包装。本设计为设计一台全自动塑料盒封口机，用于蓄电池的包装。通过对封口机的使用条件、功能及设计参数的分析，将机器的总功能分为功能元，提出各功能元的最优方案；根据最优方案进行结构设计、具体零部件的材料选择、强度计算，最终确定零部件结构尺寸；再根据总体方案进行系统的总驱动、总控制设计。经过一番对气动系统和控制系统的研究，了解其工作原理及控制方法，就可以认识到封口机的工作过程。

蓄电池外壳热封口机的基本结构设计是由一个机架组架、上料传动机构、上下料机构、精密模架双头封口机构、气缸-连杆増力机构和气动系统、液压缸-连杆増力机构和液压系统、电器控制系统及软件。其所实现的快速封口主要由上下料机构决定，其主要由三个气缸-连杆机构统和三个具有双圆弧的推动薄片所形成的动力系统，盛放上下料机构的侧立板以及其上的定位装置和精密模架双头封口机构。

此封口机通过气缸来实现盒子的运动，加热，冷却及夹紧。通过此封口机，可以实现人力的解放，并更好的保证了产品的安全，提高包装质量，提升生产效率，进而获得更大的利润。

关键词：封口机；包装机械；功能；气动系统；控制系统

Abstract

Sealing machine is one kind of packaging machinery, we are currently lagging far behind other country, especially the explosive product packaging device, basically depend on the manual and semi-automatic packaging. The design of the plastic box of automatic sealing machine is use for Storage battery fully. Sealing machine through the use of the conditions, functions and design parameters of the analysis, the overall function of the machine is divided into functional element, the element of the function of the optimal program; in accordance with the structural design of the optimal program, the specific components of the material selection, strength calculated to determine the ultimate size parts; overall plan is based on the total driving system, the total control design. After a series of pneumatic system, control system research and then you can understand its working principle and control methods, and it will show you the work of the process of sealing machine.

The basic structure of the battery casing heat sealing machine is designed by a rack set of frame transmission mechanism, feeding, loading and unloading mechanism, precision mold base double sealing mechanism, cylinders - rod increase the force of institutions and pneumatic systems, hydraulic cylinders - rod increasing force agencies and hydraulic systems, electrical control systems and software. The rapid sealing of its achievement is mainly determined by the upper and lower feed mechanism consists of three main cylinder - linkage mechanism system , three double sheet in promoting the formation of the power system, in full bloom the lateral plate of the upper and lower feeding mechanism and on the positioning device and precision mold base stud sealing mechanism.

The Sealing machine transits the cylinder to achieve the movement, heating, cooling and clamping of the box. Through the sealing machine, you can achieve the liberation of human and it can better guarantee the safety of the product and improve the quality of packaging and elevate product efficiency, then earning more profit.

Key words: Sealing machine； packaging machinery；function； pneumatic system； control system

摘要III

AbstractIV

目录V

1 绪论1

1.1 本课题的研究内容和目的1

1.1.1 本课题的研究目的1

1.1.2 本课题研究的主要内容1

1.2 国内外的发展概况2

1.2.1 包装机械的概述2

1.2.2 封口机的概述3

1.2.3 封口机的国内外研究情况4

1.3 自动化生产线技术概述4

1.3.1 自动生产线的发展历程4

1.3.2 自动化技术的发展趋势6

2 课题解析及其任务设计7

2.1课题背景及意义7

2.2 塑料盒设计内容及技术参数、要求7

2.2.1 设计用途7

2.2.2 设计技术参数7

2.2.3 塑料盒技术要求8

2.3 进行该设计的知识准备8

3 总体方案的制定与设计9

3.1 塑料盒的总功能分析9

3.2 功能分解9

3.2.1 塑料盒封口功能的分解10

3.2.2 塑料盒自动输送功能的分解10

3.2.3 过程控制10

3.3 各功能元的原理方案设计、分析、评价及选定11

3.3.1 常用的封口形式11

3.3.2 封口装置的移动12

3.3.3 封口参数的制定13

3.3.4 塑料盒的定位13

3.3.5 塑料的夹紧14

3.3.6 塑料盒的移动14

3.3.7 塑料盒的驱动15

3.3.8 塑料盒输送的控制15

3.4 蓄电池外壳热封口机的组成及工艺流程15

3.4.1 封口机的工艺流程15

3.4.2 封口机的主要装置15

4 加热装置的设计16

4.1 气缸的设计及计算16

4.1.2 确定气缸行程16

4.1.3 确定气缸结构类型16

4.2 加热模板的设计17

4.2.1 技术关键17

4.2.2 结构设计17

4.2.3 材料的选择18

4.3 加热装置的其他结构的设计18

4.3.1 隔热的设计18

4.3.2 加热装置位置调整设计18

5 冷却装置的设计20

5.1 冷却模板的设计20

5.1.1 冷却模板设计的技术关键20

5.1.2 冷却模板的结构设计20

5.2 冷却装置的结构设计21

6 盒输送装置的设计22

6.1 盒输送装置设计原理22

6.2 盒输送气缸设计、计算22

6.2.1 气缸类型及结构的选择22

6.2.2 气缸参数计算22

6.3 推板导向装置23

6.3.1 直线导轨副类型的选择23

6.3.2 滚动直线导轨的参数选择计算23

6.3.3 选型24

7 蓄电池外壳热封口机总体设计26

7.1 气压传动系统的设计26

7.2 控制系统的设计26

7.2.1 控制流程图26

7.2.2 I／O点分配28

7.2.3 程序梯度图29

7.3 封口机的机架设计29

7.4 封口机的总装图30

8 结论与展望31

8.1结论31

8.2不足之处及未来展望31

致谢32

参考文献33

1 绪论

1.1 本课题的研究内容和目的

1.1.1 本课题的研究目的

目前我国蓄电池塑料盒封口设备比较落后，基本为手工和半自动封口，不但存在许多安全隐患，而且工人的劳动强度大，生产能力非常小，包装质量很难保证。本设计为一台蓄电池外壳热封口机设计，用于某集团公司的蓄电池塑料盒的盒盖与盒身的焊接封口。该封口机既可以提高劳动生产率，减轻工人的劳动强度，同时还可以消除安全隐患，提高了塑料盒封口设备的自动化和先进性，而且产品的封口质量更容易保证。

1.1.2 本课题研究的主要内容

1）蓄电池外壳热封口机的基本结构设计是由一个机架组架、上料传动机构、上下料机构、精密模架双头封口机构、气缸-连杆増力机构和气动系统、液压缸-连杆増力机构和液压系统、电器控制系统及软件。其所实现的快速封口主要由上下料机构决定，其主要由三个气缸-连杆机构统和三个具有双圆弧的推动薄片所形成的动力系统，盛放上下料机构的侧立板以及其上的定位装置和精密模架双头封口机构。其运行过程为蓄电池在上料传动机构上运行到指定位置，气动-连杆机构启动，推动双圆弧薄片将两个电池推到上下料机构上，在固定的定位系统上定位，液压缸-连杆机构启动，通过机架组传动系统使精密模架封口机构快速向下运动，是电池快速封口，在向上运动，回到原来的位置，第二个气缸-连杆机构启动，将两个电池推到横向定位系统上，第三个气缸-连杆机构运行，将两个电池推到上料传动机构上运到包装线上。由电器系统和软件控制的上述气动和液压系统，使其连续不断的进行生产。其中第二和第三气缸-连杆机构可以同时启动，这样可以节省时间提高效率。架组件包括方形机架及其地脚，在方形机架上安装有下支板、中支板和上支板；在下支板和中支板之间对称安装有两个支撑筒，支撑筒内分别安装有拉杆，且拉杆过中支板与上支板连接；在两个支撑筒中间，下支板上安装液压缸-连杆机构及液压系统。在中中支板和上支板之间安装精密模架双头封口机构；在中支板上面安装着上料传动机构和上料传动机构的侧立板，侧立板的中间部位安装有上下料机构；中支板下面安装有气动系统；电器控制系统安装在所述的方形机架的右端。

2）蓄电池外壳热封口机结构的优化：紧密的排放各种机构节省空间，将机构的各个零件打磨，在不影响精度的情况下节省材料、美观、安装方便。改良电器控制统及软件，使其不断的进行加工并且不互相干涉。

3）蓄电池外壳热封口机结构的二维图是由机构的主视图、俯视图、液压缸-连杆机构的局部视图，电器控制系统电路图、气动系统和液压系统的控制系统回路图。

4）蓄电池外壳热封口机的机构的三维图包括各个零件的三维立体图和由各个零件装配所形成的装配图组成。

1.2 国内外的发展概况

1.2.1 包装机械的概述

包装机械是指能完成全部或部分产品和商品包装过程的机械。包装过程包括充填、裹包、封口等主要工序，以及与其相关的前后工序，如清洗、堆码和拆卸等。此外，包装还包括计量或在包装件上盖印等工序。使用机械包装产品可提高生产率，减轻劳动强度，适应大规模生产的需要，并满足清洁卫生的要求。

从广义角度而言，新中国成立之后，我国的基础包装机械工业才开始起步，经过半个多世纪的发展，和国际先进水平仍然有不小的差距，一些技术含量高的包装成套设备仍需要依靠进口。有资料显示，2005年我国包装机械产量已达到67万台(套)，到2010年将增至93万台(套)。目前，我国包装机械已成为机械工业中的十大行业之一。但我国包装机械出口额还不足这一行业总产值的5%，进口额却与总产值大抵相当。

当然从整体而言，目前我国大多数据技术较为先进的包装机械的研发还处在仿制阶级，独立开发的能力还十分有限。为此，不少国外大企业将自己的技术和部件引入中国，在本土加工,从而降低了成本，与本土产品展开了激烈的竞争。

包装链高度自动化的大部分包装工作，特别是较复杂的包装物品的排列、装配等工作基本上是人工操作，难以保证包装的统一和稳定，可能造成对被包装产品的污染。因此，提高整个包装链的自动化水平和质量水平，是非常重要的。真正的现代化包装机械的每个机械手均应由电脑控制，并具有对材质及厚度的高分辨能力。

业内人士认为，未来包装业将配合产业自动化趋势，在技术发展上朝着机械功能多元化，结构设计标准化、模组化，控制智能化，结构高精度化等几个方向发展。

机械功能多元化已趋向精致化和多元化方向发展，单品种大批量的产品越来越少，而多品种小批量的产品日益成为主流。在大环境的变化趋势下，多元化、具有多种切换功能，能适应多种包材和模具更换的包装机才能够适应市场的需求。例如，在一台泡罩包装机上既能进行“铝塑”包装又能进行“铝铝”包装，且要求切换简单，所需更换的模具少。而目前，更换模具的时间一般在1～2个小时，如此长的时间无法适应多品种小批量的生产要求。

结构设计标准模块化对于传统的工业设计来说，如果想要推出一个新机型，需要进行大量繁重的工作，还要靠新设备收回高昂的设计成本，从而拉高了新机型的价格。未来的设计应采用标准化、模块化的设计理念，能够充分利用原有机型的模块化设计，可以在短时间内将之转换成新机型，把新机型的价格控制在比较合理的范围内。

控制功能智能化控制系统是机械设备的大脑，也是下达动作指令的核心装置。目前，包装机械生产厂家普遍使用可编程控制器（PLC控制器），这种设备不具有工业电脑（PC）所拥有的强大功能。对于多数传统机械控制设备来说，采用PLC是适当的，因为需要控制参数的数量有限，很多地方仍然采用机械方式控制，例如，扭矩控制就是利用机械离合器来对电机进行过载保护的。然而，随着设备自动化程度的提高，计算机控制设备越来越多，应用到设备上的各种传感部件、检测部件、控制部件、执行元件的数量非常庞大，此时PLC就无法对如此众多的参数进行管理和控制了，而工业PC将是最好的选择[2]。

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内容简介：: 编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目：蓄电池外壳热封口机设计信机系机械工程及自动化专业学号： 0923120学生姓名：顾新宇指导教师：高汉华（职称：副教授）（职称：）2013年5月25日目录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目：蓄电池外壳热封口机设计信机系机械工程及自动化专业学号： 0923120 学生姓名：顾新宇指导教师：高汉华（职称：副教授）（职称：）2012年11月20日课题来源课题来源于实际科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）（1）课题科学意义如今都有了旋盖设备，并且基本上所有的包装机器都带有封口的功用，如今的封口机还有什么用武之地？这是许多没有置身于包装行业中的人心中的一大疑问同时也是一部分没有接触到封口机的包装企业心中的一个疑问。尽管有人对封口机抱着疑问的情绪，可是还有一部分对它持有者等待的情绪。之所以会有这种差异，并不是一部分人或许企业的朴实别具一格，而是由于他们晓得封口机的作用，晓得它的优势，也知道它所具有的宏大潜能，尽管这些还没有体现得很显着或许还没有被更多的人看到。别的一方面，还有许多的机械制造企业今日仍然在出产着这样那样的封口机，这又证明了这类设备存在的必要性，究竟企业是不会出产那些无利可图的商品的。许多人会说：既然咱们都这么重视这种设备，那么它总要有一些亮点来吸引人吧？可是咱们没有看到它有什么共同的地方呀，说到封口，许多的包装设备都能封口，封口机只凭一项封口技术就能打败其他的多功用包装设备么？这是当前许多人和企业不肯认可封口机的缘由，由于他们觉得本人买的包装设备已有的功用，没有必要再花钱去独自采办重复的功用。封口机打商场的确仅仅靠的封口功用，可是这并不是平凡的封口功用，而是比其他的设备更高效、更漂亮、更有用、更完好、更健壮的封口。在如今的包装设备商场中，没有任何设备的封口作用可以比得过封口机的。由于需求而产出，由于需求而存在，这就是封口机存在的意义。（2）国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势我国封口机等包装机械起步较晚，1990年尚未形成完备的工业体系，95筹划后，我国封口机等包装机械得到敏捷生长，年平均增长速度大干30，进入2000年以后，仍以20上下的速度增长。经20多年的生长，我国封口机等包装机械已成为机械工业中十大行业之一无论是产量还是产值，都取得了令人瞩目的成绩。世界包装工业总产值从1991年的不够百亿元增长到现在的2000多亿元，在百姓经济中起到了紧张作用。只管我国封口机等包装机械市场需求在趋于减缓，但因为近几年国家仍加大支援“三农”力度，肯定给我国封口机等包装机械生长带来勃勃生气希望。不过，我国封口机等包装机械制造业还存在不少问题。一是缺乏宏观调控因封口机等包装机械企业出发点低、“天赋不够”，且跨部门、跨行业，存在统筹筹划、宏观引导难的问题在投资开辟新产品方面每每一哄而起，盲目模仿，出现低水平重复的无序竞争。二是缺乏资金投入。这也是机械行业的共性，难以吸引大量资金投入，难以举行大量的技能改革。因经费不够，企业用于研究和开辟的投资占贩卖额平均水平不到1。不能做到生产一代开辟一代，研究一代。因为没有技能储备，引进技能、消化汲取事情不力，使企业高新产品少缺乏市场竞争力。三是缺乏专业技能人员。因封口机等包装机械业当前的利润水平广泛较低，难以吸引良好的技能人才，以致人才步队乱七八糟，自主开辟产品和创新本领单薄，乃至消化汲取外洋同类产品的本领都很弱。类似于青岛松本封口机等包装机械有限公司自主开辟研制生产的SG-3/SG-5型全自动三/5伺服无托盒包装机这样的产品险些是寥寥无几。生产高效率化、资源高应用化、产品节能化、高新技能实用化、科研结果商业化已成为世界各国封口机等包装机械生长的趋势，这也是我国封口机等包装机械业的生长偏向。对付我国的封口机等包装机械生产企业来说不能求大求全，而应求精求专。从国际封口机等包装机械生长的趋势来看，中国的包装工业仅靠增长资金投人、扩大生产范围的粗放式策划已不能得偿所愿形势生长的必要我国的包装配置生产已进入调解产品布局、提高开辟本领的新时期，技能升级、产品换代、加强办理仍是行业生长的紧张课题。将来，电子商务是更佳的商务要领，包装规格、投标、计划、合约签订、操作手册等都可以自动传输。因特网这一强大科技能给环球封口机等包装机械市场带来巨大的商机。可以议决网络完成核心业务，改进售后办事，收缩周转周期，从有限的资源中得到更大的收益，从而到达贩卖商品的目的。电子商务在封口机等包装机械营销中的作用紧张体现在：有利于开辟国际市场创建24小时办事，得到客户反馈信息。世界己进入信息期间，竞争出现出高速度、高强度、全方位实施电子商务是我国也是其他国家封口机等包装机械企业开辟国际市场的肯定趋势。研究内容熟悉机械设计的一般思路掌握机械设计的方法和技巧。熟悉机械原理，机械设计，机械制图，液压与气动等课程的基础知识。熟悉封口机的参数计算过程。熟悉封口机上的标准件的选用。能够熟练掌握CAD制图软件的各项功能。完成零、部件及总装配图9张以上。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析蓄电池封口机采用抽板式结构，由电加热方法将加热板热量传递给上下塑料加热件的熔接面。使其表面熔融，然后将加热板迅速退出，上下两片加热件加热后熔融面熔合、固化、合为一体。蓄电池封口机为框架形式，由上模板、下模板、热模板三大块板组成，并配有热模、上下塑料冷模，动作方式为气动控制。蓄电池封口机具有能耗低、效率高、不变形、无污染、熔接牢固、操作方便等特点。研究计划及预期成果研究计划：2012年11月12日-2012年12月2日：按照任务书要求查阅论文相关参考资料，填写毕业设计开题报告书。2012年12月3日-2012年1月20日：填写毕业实习报告，指导老师检查实习实施情况，并评定毕业实习成绩。2013年2月11日-2013年2月16日：在老师指导下制定设计方案2013年2月18日-2013年3月16日：在老师指导下进行设计计算及结构设计。2013年3月18日-2013年4月6日：在老师指导下绘制总装配图与零件图。2013年4月8日-2013年5月3日：在老师指导下编写毕业设计说明书。2013年5月6日-2013年5月10日：在老师指导下修改设计内容及设计说明书。2013年5月13日-2013年5月18日：在老师指导下进一步修改设计内容及设计说明按学校要求进行编排打印材料。2013年5月20日-2013年5月25日：在老师指导下准备答辩资料。预期成果：达到预期的目标，完成蓄电池外壳热封口机的设计。特色或创新之处灵活运用图软件绘制图形，合理选择运用AutoCAD的命令，快速高效。采用局部到整体的发散性思维设计机械，按部就班完成各零部件的设计。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题设计方案思路已经非常明确，已经具备设计蓄电池热封口机外壳的知识。将机械原理，机械制图，机械设计，液压与气动，理论力学结合得出各零件参数的能力尚需加强。 CAD制图细节方面仍需加强。指导教师意见指导教师签名：年月日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见教研室主任签名：年月日系意见主管领导签名：年月日英文原文By integration of machinery developmentThe modern science and technology unceasing development, impelled different discipline intersecting enormously with the seepage, has caused the project domain technological revolution and the transformation, in mechanical engineering domain, because the microelectronic technology and the computer technology rapid development and forms to the mechanical industry seepage the integration of machinery, caused the mechanical industry the technical structure, the product organization, the function and the constitution, the production method and the management system has had the huge change, caused the industrial production to enter into “the integration of machinery” by “the machinery electrification” for the characteristic development phase.First, the integration of machinery outlineIntegration of machinery is refers in the organization new owner function, the power function, in the information processing function and the control function introduces the electronic technology, unifies the system the mechanism and the computerization design and the software which constitutes always to call.The integration of machinery development also has become one to have until now own system new discipline, not only develops along with the science and technology, but also entrusts with the new content, but its basic characteristic may summarize is: The integration of machinery is embarks from the system viewpoint, synthesis community technologies and so on utilization mechanical technology, microelectronic technology, automatic control technology, computer technology, information technology, sensing observation and control technology, electric power electronic technology, connection technology, information conversion technology as well as software programming technology, according to the system function goal and the optimized organization goal, reasonable disposition and the layout various functions unit, in multi-purpose, high grade, redundant reliable, in the low energy consumption significance realize the specific function value, and causes the overall system optimization the systems engineering technology, from this produces function system, then becomes an integration of machinery systematic or the integration of machinery product.Therefore, “the integration of machinery” covering “the technology” and “the product” two aspects, only are, the integration of machinery technology is based on the above community technology organic fusion one kind of comprehensive technology, but is not mechanical technical, the microelectronic technology as well as other new technical simple combination, pieces together, this is the integration of machinery and the machinery adds the machinery electrification which the electricity forms in the concept basic difference, the mechanical engineering technology has the merely technical to develop the machinery electrification, still was the traditional machinery, its main function still was replaces with the enlargement physical strength, after but developed the integration of machinery, micro electron installment eliminated may substitute for certain mechanical parts original Outside function, but also can entrust with many new functions, like the automatic detection, the automatic reduction information, demonstrate the record, the automatic control and the control automatic diagnosis and the protection automatically and so on, not only namely the integration of machinery product is humans hand and body extending, humans sense organ and the brains look, has the intellectualized characteristic is the integration of machinery and the machinery electrification distinguishes in the function essence.Second, the integration of machinery development conditionIntegration of machinery development may divide into 3 stages roughly, 20th century 60s before for the first stage, this stage is called the initial stage, in this time, the people determination not on own initiative uses the electronic technology the preliminary achievement to consummate the mechanical product the performance, specially in Second World War period, the war has stimulated the mechanical product and the electronic technology union, these mechanical and electrical union military technology, postwar transfers civilly, to the postwar economical restoration positive function, has developed and the development at that time generally speaking also is at the spontaneous condition, because at that time the electronic technology development not yet achieved certainly Level. Mechanical technical and electronic technology union also not impossible widespread and thorough development, already developed the product was also unable to promote massively.The 20th century 7080 ages for the second stage, may be called the vigorous development stage, this time, the computer technology, the control technology, the communication development, has laid the technology base for the integration of machinery development, large-scale, ultra large scale integrated circuit and microcomputer swift and violent development, has provided the full material base for the integration of machinery development, this time characteristic is:A mechatronics word first generally is accepted in Japan, probably obtains the quite widespread acknowledgment to 1980s last stages in the worldwide scale;The integration of machinery technology and the product obtained the enormous development;The various countries start to the integration of machinery technology and the product give the very big attention and the support.1990s later periods, started the integration of machinery technology the new stage which makes great strides forward to the intellectualized direction, the integration of machinery enters the thorough development time, on the one hand, optics, the communication and so on entered the integration of machinery, processes the technology also zhan to appear tiny in the integration of machinery the foot, appeared the light integration of machinery and the micro integration of machinery and so on the new branch; On the other hand to the integration of machinery system modelling design, the analysis and the integrated method, the integration of machinery discipline system and the trend of development has all conducted the thorough research, simultaneously, because domains and so on artificial intelligence technology, neural network technology and optical fiber technology obtain the huge progress, opened the development vast world for the integration of machinery technology, these research, will urge the integration of machinery further to establish the integrity the foundation and forms the integrity gradually the scientific system.Third, the integration of machinery trend of developmentIntegration of machinery is the collection machinery, the electron, optics, the control, the computer, the information and so on the multi-disciplinary overlapping syntheses, its development and the progress rely on and promote the correlation technology development and the progress, therefore, the integration of machinery main development direction is as follows:3.1 IntellectualizedIntellectualization is a 21st century integration of machinery technological development important development direction, the artificial intelligence obtains day by day in the integration of machinery constructors research takes, the robot and the numerical control engine bed intellectualization is the important application, here said “the intellectualization” is to the machine behavior description, is in the control theory foundation, the absorption artificial intelligence, the operations research, the computer science, the fuzzy mathematics, the psychology, the physiology and the chaos dynamics and so on the new thought, the new method, simulate the human intelligence, enable it to have abilities and so on judgment inference, logical thinking, independent decision-making, obtains the higher control goal in order to, indeed, enable the integration of machinery product to have With the human identical intelligence, is not impossible, also is nonessential, but, the high performance, the high speed microprocessor enable the integration of machinery product to have preliminary intelligent or humans partial intelligences, then is completely possible and essential.3.2 ModularModulations are one item important and the arduous project, because the integration of machinery product type and the manufacturer are many, but the development and the development have standard mechanical connection, electrical connection, power connection, the environment connection integration of machinery product unit are an item extremely complex also are the extremely important matters, like the development collection deceleration, the intelligent velocity modulation, the electrical machinery in a body power unit, have function and so on vision, imagery processing, recognition and range finder control units, as well as each kind can complete the model operation the mechanism, like this, may use the standard unit to develop the new product rapidly, simultaneously also may expand the scale of production, this need formulation Each standard, in order to various parts, the unit match and the connection, as a result of the conflicts of interest, very will be difficult to formulate international or the domestic this aspect standard in the near future, but might through set up some big enterprises to form gradually, obviously, the advantage which from the electrical product standardization, the seriation will bring may affirm, regardless of will be to produces the standard integration of machinery unit the enterprise to produce the integration of machinery product the enterprise, the formalization will give the integration of machinery enterprise to bring the happy future.3.3 Network1990s, the computer technology and so on the prominent achievement was the networking, networking starting with the rapid development for the science and technology, the industrial production, political, the military, the education magnanimous act person daily life has all brought the huge transformation, each kind of network the global economy, the production linked up into a single stretch, enterprises competition will also globalize, once the integration of machinery new product developed, so long as its function were original, the quality was reliable, very quick could the best-selling whole world, as a result of the network popularization, was on the rise based on network each kind of long-distance control and the surveillance technology, but long-distance control terminal device itself will be the integration of machinery product, the field busWas the domestic electric appliances network has become the situation with the local area network technology, connected using the family network each kind of domestic electric appliances take the computer as the central computer integration electrical appliances system, caused the people at home to share the inconvenience and the joy which each kind of high-tech brought, therefore, the integration of machinery product faced the network direction to develop without doubt.3.4 MicrominiaturizedMicrominiaturization emerge in the end of 1980s, refers is the integration of machinery to the miniature machine and the microscopic domain development tendency, overseas name it micro electron mechanical system (MEMS), makes a general reference the geometry size not to surpass 1cm3 the integration of machinery product, and to micron, the nanometer level development, the micro integration of machinery product volume small, consumes energy few, the movement is nimble, in aspects and so on biological medical service, military, information has the incomparable superiority, the micro integration of machinery development bottleneck lies in the micro mechanical technology, the micro integration of machinery product processing uses the fine processing technology, namely ultra precise technology, it including photoetching technology and etching technology two kinds.3.5 GreenIndustries lived developed for the people have brought the huge change, on the one hand, the material was rich, the life was comfortable; On the other hand, the resources reduce, the ecological environment receives the serious pollution, therefore, the people appealed the protection environment resources, the return nature, the green product concept arises at the historic moment under this kind of call, the green is the time tendency, the green product in its design, the manufacture, the use and in the destruction life process, conforms to the specific environmental protection and the human health request, harmless or the harm are extremely few to the ecological environment, the resources use factor is extremely high, the design green integration of machinery product, has the broad development future, the integration of machinery product green mainly is refers, when use does not pollute the ecological environment, after the abandonment can recycle the use.3.6 systematizationsOne of systematized performance characteristics is the system architecture further uses open style and the patternizing main line structure. the system may the nimble configuration, carries on tailors and the combination willfully, simultaneously seeks realizes the multi-subsystem coordination control and the synthesis management, second performance is the correspondence function big enhancement, generally besides RS232, but also will have RS485, the DCS personification, the future integration of machinery even more pays great attention to the product and humans relations, the integration of machinery personification will have two meanings, one will be, the integration of machinery product finally user will be a human, how will entrust with the integration of machinery product persons intelligence, the emotion, the human nature appears more and more importantly, specially the opposite partyWith the robot, its high-level boundary is the man-machine integration, another imitates the biological mechanism, develops each kind of mechanical and electrical body flower product, in fact, many integration of machinery products all are developed animals inspiration.Fourth, the model integration of machinery productIntegration of machinery product subsystem (complete machine) and the foundation Yuan, the part two big kinds, the typical integration of machinery system includes: The numerical control engine bed, the robot, the automobile computerization product, the intellectualized instrument measuring appliance, the electronic publishing printing system, the CAD/CAM system and so on, the typical integration of machinery Yuan, the part includes: Electric power electronic device and equipment, programmable controller, fuzzy controller, miniature electrical machinery, sensor, special-purpose integrated circuit, servo and so on, these model integration of machinery product technical present situation, trend of development, market prospect analysis omitting.Fifth, our country develops the situation and the duty integration of machinery work with “The integration of machinery” faces mainly includes two levels: One, with the microelectronic technology transformation tradition industry, its goal is the energy conservation, the nodal wood, enhances the work efficiency, improves the product quality, enhances the traditional industry technology advancement one step; Two, development automation, digitization, intellectualized mechanical and electrical products, promotion product renewal.(1) our country “the integration of machinery” the work faces situation1. Our country is big with the microelectronic technology transformation tradition industry work load and is broad, has difficulty2. Our country with the integration of machinery technology acceleration product renewal, enhances the market share the call to be high, has the pressure.3.Our country is low with the integration of machinery product substitution technology content and the added value, consumes energy, the water consumption, consumes the material to be high, the pollution, harasses the people product the responsibility to be heavy, has the significance, in our country industrial system, the energy consumption, the water consumption wealthy and powerful family, also accounts for the quite great proportion to the environmental pollution serious enterprise, in recent years our countrys industry structure, product mix although several passes through the adjustment, but because many kinds of reasons, the result continuously insufficiently is obvious, inside this no doubt has the higher authority to lead the department the policy comes out of many doors question, “therefore has the enterprise “to hate to leave ones native land” clings to tenaciously industry” the question, but undeniable also has cannot optimize the ideal industry, optimal pleasing product The question, on the good answer already suspended at these enterprises front, this was the development integration of machinery, developed with the production related integration of machinery product, the integration of machinery product function strong, the performance good, the quality high, the cost was low, also had the flexibility, might according to when the market requirement and the user reflection the product mix and the production process made the essential adjustment, the reform, but did not need to change the equipment, this was the solution mechanical and electrical products multi-varieties, the few volume production important outlet, simultaneously, might pour into the fresh blood for the traditional mechanical industry, brought the new vigor, extricated the machinery production from the arduous physical labor, realization Enlightened production.Moreover, looked from the market demand angle, because our country develops, the development integration of machinery product history is not long, the disparity is big, many product varieties, quantity, the scale, the quality all cannot meet the need, the import volume all quite is big every year, therefore must develop urgently.(2) Our country “the integration of machinery” work dutyOur country may summarize in the integration of machinery aspect duty is two speeches: A speech widely thoroughly uses the integration of machinery technological transformations tradition industry; Another speech is develops the integration of machinery product on a grand scale, the promotion mechanical and electrical products renewal, the total goal is the promotion mechanical and electrical body industry formation, makes the contribution for our country industrial structure and the product mix adjustment.In brief, the integration of machinery technology not only is promotes the traditional mechanical and electrical industry fresh blood and the source power, also is opens our country mechanical and electrical profession product mix, the industrial structure adjusts the front door the key.Sixth, our country develops “the integration of machinery” countermeasure(1) Enhancement overall plan arrangement, coordinated development planAt present, our country is engaged in the unit which “the integration of machinery” the research develops and produces to be very many, each one all has a set of own development strategy, various units plan as a result of respective standpoint, the objective point limit, only is considered unavoidably the local interest, various department responsible for the works related plan and plan, also some unification consideration insufficiency, the overall plan arrangement insufficient question, simultaneously lacks the comprehensive survey overall situation to have the authority development plan and the strategic plan, therefore, suggested various department responsible for the work charges the unit concerned in to conduct the thorough investigation and study, in the scientific analysis foundation, formulates manages the overall situation “the integration of machinery” the research, the development, the productive plan and the plan Avoids developing duplicates, produces has a collision!(2) Strengthened profession management, display “association” functionAt present, our country “integration of machinery” hot, but according to the present profession division method and the management system, “the policy comes out of many doors” is difficult duo, therefore, our country has the necessity to be clear about one “the integration of machinery” the profession to manage the organization, according to the present country political reform and the economic restructuring spirit, as well as the integration of machinery profession characteristic, we suggested, strengthens Beijing Integration of machinery Association as soon as possible the construction, entrusts with its profession management function, “the association” must further expand the leadership organization - - council representative the stratification plane and the coverage, must strengthen the office, secretariats construction; Must through its astute capable administrative body, the economic entity, the organization “the profession” the development plan, strategic plan drawing up; The instruction profession stationing layout adjustment, carries on develops the breach choice, pays special attention to the priority project the experiment site and the related project loses ones temper, the tender work (3) Optimized development environment, increases the support dynamicsOptimization development environment to refer through the propaganda populace, creates about inside and outside one kind of society, the enterprise all takes, the support “the integration of machinery” the development atmosphere, if as soon as possible invests the development for the foreign merchant to our country “the integration of machinery” the industry to provide the convenience; As far as possible for establishes the development, the production integration of machinery product high technology and new technology enterprise gives the green light; With every effort for the development, the production integration of machinery product mixes the resources essential factor and so on.Increases the support dynamics, in the technical policy, must limit strictly consumes the electricity, the water consumption, consumes the material high legacy product the development, to has not used the integration of machinery technology backwardness product limit compulsion elimination; Promotes with great effort carries on the transformation with the integration of machinery technology to the traditional industry, transforms dryly to the related integration of machinery technology to the traditional industry, to the related technical development, the application project first initiates a project, first supports, to in the technical development, the application makes the contribution the unit to lead, the technical personnel carries on the commendation reward and so on.(4) Prominent development priorities, proper attention to both “two levelsThe integration of machinery industry coverage is extremely broad, but our financial resource, the manpower and the physical resource are limited, therefore we when stresses the integration of machinery industry development cannot attend to every detail, write in a straightforward manner, but should distinguish clearly primary and secondary, the bold choices, has the behavior, can refrain from doing things, must pay attention stresses in two levels the work, the first level is “on the surface” the work, namely carries on the transformation with the electronic information technology to the traditional industry, implants or grafts on the micro electron on the traditional electromechanical device (computer) to install, causes “the machinery” and “the electron” the technology unifies in the shallow level, the second level is “the enhancement” the work Namely at the beginning of the new product design, and “the electron” unifies “the machinery” carries on the consideration, causes “the machinery” and “the electron” inseparable, the depth union, produces the new product is achieving the integration of machinery at leastSeventh, the conclusionIn summary, the integration of machinery appearance is not isolated, it is many science and technology development crystallization, is the social productive forces develops the certain stage inevitably request Certainly, also has with the integration of machinery related technology very many, and along with the science and technology development, the tendency which each kind of technology will fuse mutually more and more is obvious, the integration of machinery technology broad prospects for development more and more will be also bright.中文译文论机电一体化的发展现代科学技术的不断发展，极大地推动了不同学科的交叉与渗透，导致了工程领域的技术革命与改造,在机械工程领域，由于微电子技术和计算机技术的迅速发展及其向机械工业的渗透所形成的机电一体化，使机械工业的技术结构、产品机构、功能与构成、生产方式及管理体系发生了巨大变化，使工业生产由“机械电气化”迈入了“机电一体化”为特征的发展阶段。一、机电一体化概要机电一体化是指在机构得主功能、动力功能、信息处理功能和控制功能上引进电子技术，将机械装置与电子化设计及软件结合起来所构成的系统的总称。机电一体化发展至今也已成为一门有着自身体系的新型学科，随着科学技术的不但发展，还将被赋予新的内容,但其基本特征可概括为：机电一体化是从系统的观点出发，综合运用机械技术、微电子技术、自动控制技术、计算机技术、信息技术、传感测控技术、电力电子技术、接口技术、信息变换技术以及软件编程技术等群体技术，根据系统功能目标和优化组织目标，合理配置与布局各功能单元，在多功能、高质量、高可靠性、低能耗的意义上实现特定功能价值，并使整个系统最优化的系统工程技术,由此而产生的功能系统，则成为一个机电一体化系统或机电一体化产品。因此，“机电一体化”涵盖“技术”和“产品”两个方面,只是，机电一体化技术是基于上述群体技术有机融合的一种综合技术，而不是机械技术、微电子技术以及其它新技术的简单组合、拼凑。这是机电一体化与机械加电气所形成的机械电气化在概念上的根本区别,机械工程技术有纯技术发展到机械电气化，仍属传统机械，其主要功能依然是代替和放大的体力,但是发展到机电一体化后，其中的微电子装置除可取代某些机械部件的原有功能外，还能赋予许多新的功能，如自动检测、自动处理信息、自动显示记录、自动调节与控制自动诊断与保护等,即机电一体化产品不仅是人的手与肢体的延伸，还是人的感官与头脑的眼神，具有智能化的特征是机电一体化与机械电气化在功能上的本质区别。二、机电一体化的发展状况机电一体化的发展大体可以分为3个阶段,20世纪60年代以前为第一阶段，这一阶段称为初级阶段,在这一时期，人们自觉不自觉地利用电子技术的初步成果来完善机械产品的性能。特别是在第二次世界大战期间，战争刺激了机械产品与电子技术的结合，这些机电结合的军用技术，战后转为民用，对战后经济的恢复起了积极的作用,那时研制和开发从总体上看还处于自发状态,由于当时电子技术的发展尚未达到一定水平，机械技术与电子技术的结合还不可能广泛和深入发展，已经开发的产品也无法大量推广。20世纪7080年代为第二阶段，可称为蓬勃发展阶段。这一时期，计算机技术、控制技术、通信技术的发展，为机电一体化的发展奠定了技术基础。大规模、超大规模集成电路和微型计算机的迅猛发展，为机电一体化的发展提供了充分的物质基础。这个时期的特点是：Mechatronics一词首先在日本被普遍接受，大约到20世纪80年代末期在世界范围内得到比较广泛的承认；机电一体化技术和产品得到了极大发展；各国均开始对机电一体化技术和产品给以很大的关注和支持。20世纪90年代后期，开始了机电一体化技术向智能化方向迈进的新阶段，机电一体化进入深入发展时期。一方面，光学、通信技术等进入了机电一体化，微细加工技术也在机电一体化中崭露头脚，出现了光机电一体化和微机电一体化等新分支；另一方面对机电一体化系统的建模设计、分析和集成方法，机电一体化的学科体系和发展趋势都进行了深入研究。同时，由于人工智能技术、神经网络技术及光纤技术等领域取得的巨大进步，为机电一体化技术开辟了发展的广阔天地。这些研究，将促使机电一体化进一步建立完整的基础和逐渐形成完整的科学体系。三、机电一体化的发展趋势机电一体化是集机械、电子、光学、控制、计算机、信息等多学科的交叉综合，它的发展和进步依赖并促进相关技术的发展和进步。因此，机电一体化的主要发展方向如下： 3.1智能化智能化是21世纪机电一体化技术发展的一个重要发展方向。人工智能在机电一体化建设者的研究日益得到重视，机器人与数控机床的智能化就是重要应用。这里所说的“智能化”是对机器行为的描述，是在控制理论的基础上，吸收人工智能、运筹学、计算机科学、模糊数学、心理学、生理学和混沌动力学等新思想、新方法，模拟人类智能，使它具有判断推理、逻辑思维、自主决策等能力，以求得到更高的控制目标。诚然，使机电一体化产品具有与人完全相同的智能，是不可能的，也是不必要的。但是，高性能、高速的微处理器使机电一体化产品赋有低级智能或人的部分智能，则是完全可能而又必要的。3.2模块化模块化是一项重要而艰巨的工程。由于机电一体化产品种类和生产厂家繁多，研制和开发具有标准机械接口、电气接口、动力接口、环境接口的机电一体化产品单元是一项十分复杂但又是非常重要的事。如研制集减速、智能调速、电机于一体的动力单元，具有视觉、图像处理、识别和测距等功能的控制单元，以及各种能完成典型操作的机械装置。这样，可利用标准单元迅速开发出新产品，同时也可以扩大生产规模。这需要制定各项标准，以便各部件、单元的匹配和接口。由于利益冲突，近期很难制定国际或国内这方面的标准，但可以通过组建一些大企业逐渐形成。显然，从电气产品的标准化、系列化带来

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