河北省邢台市巨鹿县高考英语阅读理解和短文改错（9）.doc

河北省邢台市巨鹿县2016高考英语阅读理解和短文改错（9）阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。as children reach kindergarten and early grade-school age, they continue to become increasingly more aware of the wider world beyond home, school and their neighborhood. if you havent already done so, this can be an excellent time to teach your child about the environment, and how you can work together to go green as a family. if youve already introduced some eco-friendly habits in your home, here are some ways your growing child can contribute more to the greening of his world and beyond. my 7-year-old son discovered a magazine cover on the table that featured a cover line about polar bears being endangered because of global warming. i decided to be straight with himi said yes, there is a danger to polar bears and other wildlife because of pollution. but i told him that we can all do something to go green and help make a difference, and perhaps help the polar bears and all living things on our planet. my grandmothers were immigrants(移民)who lived through wars in south korea. they used to constantly remind me to turn off the lights, and even not to use too much toilet paper. as it turns out, these were great lessons. have your child get into the habit of turning off lights and electronic equipment when hes not using them. a nice bonus(意外收获): reducing electricity use can help cut down your bills. a grade-schooler is old enough to understand that water comes from lakes and pools. explain that wasting it can affect everyone who depends on that water. wasting water also means wasting energy. a tap that runs for five minutes is equal to letting a 60-watt bulb run for 14 hours, according to the environmental protection agency. make it easier for your grade-schooler to go green by choosing different baskets for glass, metal, paper, and plastic. have your child draw pictures of recyclable types to mark each basket. once a season or more, have your child help you look for used clothing, books, toys and other things around the house to give away to local shelters(避难所). 【文章大意】本文作者以自己的亲身经历告诉其他母亲应该如何在生活中帮助孩子变得更有环保意识, 让他们从小就有保护环境的观念。1. the underlined word“contribute”in paragraph 1 means. a. buyb. usec. gived. find【解析】选c。词义猜测题。由于本句里的introduced说明如果你已经介绍给孩子一些环保习惯了, 而且在接下来的三个段落中作者本人又给出一些关于绿色生活的建议。所以这里的contribute的意思是“给出”。2. what makes polar bears in danger according to the passage? a. the global warming at present and in future. b. the pollution of the air in developed countries. c. the loss of the forest all over the world at present. d. the hunt for them by people from across the world. 【解析】选a。细节理解题。第二段第一句里的being endangered because of global warming是本题的解题线索。需注意的是b选项, 虽然第二段说到了污染危及一些野生动物的生存, 但并不是针对空气污染而言, 所以不能选b。3. what does the author learn from her grandmothers? a. make peace with any other country. b. not moving to other foreign countries. c. turn off the lights and the water to go green. d. live a simple life without spending too much. 【解析】选c。推理判断题。第三段作者提到了自己的祖母和外祖母经历过战争后尤其重视节省, 本段的第二句话是解题线索, 第三、四句是作者的体会和经验, 第五句开始给出了自己也身体力行的理由, 所以答案选c。但是注意d项虽然不错, 但是和第二句作者的祖母和外祖母的要求相比, 没有确切说明为了环保而做的具体措施, 所以不能选。4. what is the best title of the passage? a. ways to help your child make money. b. ways to help your child go green. c. setting up a recycling centre for your house. d. setting up eco-friendly habits is necessary. 【解析】选b。主旨大意题。首先要明确这篇文章的作者是一个母亲, 她在以自己的经历告诉别的母亲应该帮助自己的孩子更环保, 所以选项里的关键词是child和green。【技法导练】多学一点棋高一着阅读理解“圈点信息”的细节理解题细节理解, 就是在原文中能找到的信息, 可以采用“圈点信息”法, 把涉及的信息“圈点”出来, 以便分析利用。做细节理解题时, 可使用如下方法: 1. 细心审题, 带问题“圈”答案。先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼), 然后以此为线索, 运用略读及跳读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句, 仔细品味, 对照比较, 确定答案。2. 变通理解, 间接转述“圈”答案。高考设题常对原句细微处进行改动, 选取原文词语或结构进行改造, 因果倒置, 把a的观点说成b的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。3. 多点归纳, 综合事实“圈”答案。全面捕捉相关信息, 进行综合分析、归纳, 切忌根据“一面之词”草率地得出结论。上篇文章中的第2题为细节理解题。审题发现此题要求寻找_, 这样带着这个问题去原文中“圈点信息”就可以发现“_”为原因, 由此可以找到答案。答案: 造成北极熊濒临危险的原因 全球变暖 阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2014山东省泰安市高三第一轮复习质量检测】more than one in four children alive in britain today will celebrate their 100th birthday，official figures showed.the special figures show a huge social change，with todays children likely to survive far longer than their parents or grandparents.of the 12.4 million children aged 16 and under,3.3 million (27%) will become someone who is a hundred years old or older.in a class of 30 children，eight can live to be 100.and the rest of the children are likely to get to an old age，even though they will not make it to three figures.experts warned that children may live to 100，but that they will not get their state pension until they are 70 or beyond.the state pension age is rising to 66 for both men and women by 2020，and the government has warned it will continue to rise.laith khalaf，a pension expert，said，“living to an old age is lucky if you can afford it，but a nuisance if you cant.those without enough savings will be depending on the state pension which will be changed.”it also increases the possibility of millions of people surviving until their 100th birthday with a poor quality of life because of poor health and little money.millions of older people have no pensions，no savings and no plans about how they are going to pay for their retirement other than to carry on working.if the older population demands more resources，then they have to come from their own wealth or the government.laith said，“millions of people will be spending over a third of their lives in retirement.it is high time that we reformed the state pension system.we want to make it fair for future generation.”1from the first paragraph we can learn that_.atodays children probably live longer than their parentsbfew of british children are expected to live to an old agecmore than 30% of children aged 16 can live to be 100d20% of british children will celebrate their 100th birthday2the underlined word “nuisance” in paragraph 2 probably means_.asomebody who is disabledbsomebody who is dishonestcsomething that causes troubledsomething that is incorrect3what kind of life will people living to 100 probably face?aa high quality of life because of the development of technology.ba low quality of life because of bad health and limited money.ca high quality of life because of the increase in food price.da low quality of life because of the present government.4why should the government at present reform the state pension system?athe present pension system isnt quite useful.bpeople nowadays dont need the pension at all.cmore and more people ask the government to do so.dthe present pension system is unfair for future generation.5what can be inferred from the text?athe retirement age will be raised to 70 or beyond.bthe government will provide job chances for the retired.cthe state pension age for men is different from that for women.dit will increase the governments pressure if more children live to 100.语篇解读官方数据表明，现在的英国儿童会比他们的长辈活得更久。令人担心的是，这将会给政府带来巨大的养老负担。1解析：考查细节理解。根据文章第一段的第二句“the special figures show a huge social change，with todays children likely to survive far longer than their parents or grandparents.”可知，现在的英国儿童可能会比他们的长辈活得更久，故选a。答案：a2解析：考查词义猜测。根据上下文可知，画线词所在句表示“如果你能够承担养老的费用，长寿是一种幸运，但如果承担不起，那就会是一种麻烦”，故nuisancesomething that causes trouble，答案为c。答案：c3解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句“it also increases the possibility of millions of people surviving until their 100th birthday with a poor quality of life because of poor health and little money.”可知，活到100岁的人可能会面临因身体差、资金有限而造成生活质量降低的问题，即b项正确。答案：b4解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段的最后一句“we want to make it fair for future generation.”可知，目前的养老金制度对于后代来说是不公平的，因此政府要改革养老金制度，故d项正确。答案：d5解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段的最后一句“if the older population demands more resources，then they have to come from their own wealth or the government.”可知答案。答案：d.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。australia-the vote for euthanasia(安乐死)was finally taken at 3:45 this morning. after six months argument and final 16 hours hot debates, australias northern territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. the bill was passed by the vote of 15 to 10. almost immediately word flashed on the internet and was picked up, half a world away, by john hofsess, the director of the right to die society of canada. he sent it on through the groups on-line service, death net. hofsess says, “we posted it all day long, because this isnt just something that happened in australia. its world history.” the full import may take a while to understand. the nt rights of the terminally iii law has left physicians and citizens trying to deal with its moral and practical meaning. some have breathed sighs of relief, but others, including churches, right to life groups and the australian medical association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste(匆忙,急忙) of its passage. but the tide is unlikely to turn back. in australia where an aging population, life extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part other states are going to consider making a similar law to for euthanasia. in the us and canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes(多米诺骨牌) to start falling. under the new northern territory law, an adult patient can request death probably by a deadly injection or pill to put an end to suffering. the patient must be diagnosed as incurably ill by two doctors. after a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. after 48 hours the wish for death can be met. for lloyd nickson, a 54 year old darwin man suffering from lung cancer, the law means he can get on with living without the fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “im not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what i was afraid of was how id go, because ive watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says. 45. according to the text ,which of the following statements is true? a. australia now is the only country in the world to pass the law of euthanasia.b. all people in australia dont have the same positive attitude to euthanasia. c. many patients will ask their doctors for euthanasia because they are afraid of death. d. according to the law, if a patient requests death, his or her wish will be met after 48 hours.46. the underlined sentence in para 2, “observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.” means that observers are waiting to see _.a. the result of the game of dominoes.b. that peoples attitude to euthanasia will be changed.c. that the bill about euthanasia in australia will come to an end.d. the similar bills will be passed in other countries.47. australia was the first country to pass the bill of euthanasia, but not usa or canada. which one is not the reason ?a. in australia, the technology of extending life is advanced.b. in australia, it is easy to deal with the moral and practical meaning.c. in australia, old people take up great part in the population of the whole country.d. australians gradually realize suffering from a terrible disease is worse than immediate death.48. it can be inferred from the text that _.a. when lloyd nickson dies, he will face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia.b. physicians and citizens in australia share the same view on euthanasia.c. other countries are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.d. under the bill, patients requesting death are sure to be injected by deadly medicine.49. whats the authors attitude to euthanasia?a. negative b. critical c. positive d. doubtful【参考答案】45、b 46-48 dba 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。a person named bernard jackson today is a free man, but he has many bitter memories. he spent five years in prison after a jury (陪审团)wrongly convicted (判处有罪) him of raping two women. at jacksons trial, although two witnesses testified that jackson was with them in another location at the time of the crime, he was convicted anyway. why? the jury believed the testimony(证词)of the two victims, who positively identified jackson as the man who had attacked them. the court eventually freed jackson after the police found the real criminal.many factors influence the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. for instance, witnesses sometimes see photographs of several suspects before they try to identify the person they saw in a group of people. they can become confused by seeing many photographs of similar faces. the number of people in the group, and whether it is a person or a photograph, may also affect a witnesss decision. people sometimes have difficulty identifying people of other races. the questions the police ask witnesses also have an effect on them.many people believe that police officers are more reliable than ordinary people. psychologists decided to test this idea, and they discovered that it is not true. two psychologists showed a film of crimes to both police officers and civilians. the psychologists found no difference between the police and the civilians in correctly remembering the details of the crimes.despite all the possibilities for inaccuracy, courts cannot omit eyewitness testimony from a trial. american courts depend almost completely on eyewitness testimony to resolve(决定)court cases. sometimes it is the only evidence to a crime, such as rape. furthermore, eyewitness testimony is often correct. although people do sometimes make mistakes, and convict innocent people, more importantly, eyewitness testimony has rightly convicted a larger number of guilty people.american courts depend on the ability of the twelve jurors, and not the judges, to determine the accuracy of the witnesss testimony. it is their responsibility to decide if a certain witness could actually see, hear and remember what happened.50. bernard jackson was found guilty and sentenced 5 years prison because_.a. the victims insisted that he was the attackerb. he admitted the crime of raping two womenc. the police discovered evidence leading to his guiltd. the eyewitness proved the victims testimony51. the following statements may be the reasons for why sometimes the eyewitness testimony is not accurate except _.a. the eyewitness is confused by the polices questionsb. the eyewitness is shown photos of many similar facesc. the eyewitness lacks the professional help from policed. the eyewitness cant identify people of other races clearly.52. an inaccurate eyewitness testimony may lead to_.a. the misunderstanding of the case b. the disbelief in the courtc. the disrespect for the eyewitness d. the conviction of an innocent person53. eyewitness testimony is important because _. a. it can be relied on to detect criminals in all cases. b. it is sometimes the only way to resolve court cases. c. it is sometimes the only clue for police investigation. d. it is more reliable than physical evidences to a crime.54. according to the text, we can infer that _.a. eyewitness testimony is valuable, though sometimes incorrect.b. police identification is more reliable than that of the ordinary peoplec. crime victims often fail to give positive identification of the suspectsd. the jury relies on the judge than the eyewitness for a decision【参考答案】49、ca 51-54 cdba 短文改错dear ming,it was very nice to hear from you for such a long time. im 1._glad to learn that youve been settled down in boston and are 2._getting used to the local ways of life. 3._as you know, im still buried in books at school you are 4._so familiar with. what may surprise you are that im going to 5._the us this july in a summer camp! surely im expecting lots 6._of sightseeing tours, parties and another exciting things. we must 7._definitely meet when im over. as is planning, im coming 8._to boston around the 15th, and i wonder if youll free then so 9._we could chat about the good older days. 10._hope to see you