江苏省南通市中考英语一模专题整理 简单句.doc

简单句知识点梳理：一、简单句的五大基本句型1.主语+谓语(不及物动词) 2.主语+谓语+宾语 3.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 5.主语+系动词+表语二、陈述句(陈述句分为肯定句和否定句)陈述句用来说明一个事实或是陈述说话人的看法，句末用句号。否定句的结构有:a.含有be动词、助动词、情态动词的否定形式，直接在后面加not。b.含有实义动词的否定形式,要根据相应的人称和时态,借助助动词dont/doesnt/didnt.c.还可以用(no,never,no one, nobody,nothing,neither of, none of,little,few,seldom,hardly,too. to.)来构成否定形式。三、疑问句(疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句、否定疑问句)1.一般疑问句 一般疑问句用来询问事物或情况是否属实，需要对方用yes/no给予肯定或否定回答。在回答时，要注意肯定一致与否定一致。2.否定疑问句通常是以be动词/情态动词/助动词+not开头，往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气，注意回答时yes或no的意思。(难道不?)- dont you know the boy? -yes,i do.(yes,i know the boy) -no,i dont.(no,i dont know the boy)3.特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+一般疑问句a.如果疑问词在句中作主语或主语的定语，疑问句的语序与陈述句语序一致；如果疑问词在句中作其他成分，则用“疑问词+一般疑问句”的结构。what is your name? which one is bob? whose book is this?b.常见的特殊疑问词及其用法用how long(多长时间,多久)提问，通常用for/since来回答；用how often(多久一次)提问，通常用频度副词或表示频率的短语来回答；用how soon(多久以后)提问，通常用in+时间段来回答；用how far(多远)提问距离。4.选择疑问句 提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求选择一种进行回答的问句叫选择疑问句。a.一般选择疑问句的结构:一般疑问句 + or + 被选择的部分?-do you likes apples or oranges? - i like apples. b.特殊选择疑问句的结构:特殊疑问句，a or b？-which would you like better, tea or coffee? - i like coffee.5.反意疑问句 反意疑问句由“陈述句+附加问句”组成,问话者对陈述句部分的内容做进一步的证实.当前面的陈述句是肯定句时,后面用否定形式反问,即“前肯后否”.tom is a student,isnt he?.当前面的陈述句是否定句时,后面用肯定形式反问,即“前否后肯”.tom isnt a student,is he?附加问句的主语要用代词,并与陈述部分的主语一致,谓语在人称、数和时态上也要与陈述部分一致。.陈述部分含有no, never, no one, nobody, nothing, neither of, none of, little, few, seldom, hardly, too. to. 等否定意义的词时，疑问部分要用肯定结构；但陈述部分带有否定前缀、后缀的词unhappy, important，dislike时，疑问部分仍用否定结构。.陈述部分是there be句型时，其反意疑问句中要用be there。.陈述部分的主语是指事/物的不定代词时(everything/nothing/anything/something),疑问部分主语代词用it.陈述部分的主语是指人的不定代词时(everybody/everyone/anybody/anyone/somebody/someone/ nobody/no one/none/neither),疑问部分的主语代词用they.陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时,反意疑问句的主语用it，当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时，其反意疑问句的主语用they。.陈述部分出现i am.时，反意疑问句用arent i。.肯定祈使句的疑问部分用will you,否定祈使句的疑问部分用will you；以lets开头的祈使句，疑问部分用shall we；但以let us/me开头的祈使句，疑问部分用will you?.陈述部分出现have/has/had时，在一般现在时/一般过去时表示“有”的意思，疑问部分借助助动词do/does/did;have/has/had to表示“不得不”的意思，疑问部分借助助动词do/does/did;have/has/had表示“吃、喝、玩、度过”的意思，疑问部分借助助动词do/does/did;had better表示“最好”的意思，疑问部分借助助动词did;have/has/had出现在完成时，疑问部分用have/has/had;.陈述部分出现must时,must表示“必须”之意时，疑问部分要用neednt.must表示推测，表“一定”之意时，疑问部分的谓语要根据must后面的动词来确定。he must work hard at physics, mustnt he?the man must be mr wang,isnt he? .在宾语从句中，若主句主语是第一人称，且谓语动词是think,suppose,expect,believe,imagine时，疑问部分用肯定结构还是否定结构关键看主句，疑问部分的主语和谓语要与从句一致。6.反意疑问句的回答对反意疑问句作回答时，如果答案是肯定的，则用yes;若果答案是否定的，则用no.-lucy skates very well,doesnt she? -yes,she does. -no,she doesnt-you dont like eating apples,do you？-yes,i do.( yes,i like eating apples) -no,i dont like eating apples.四、感叹句1. what + a/an +形容词 + 单数可数名词+ (主语+谓语)！2. what +形容词 +可数名词复数形式+ (主语+谓语)！3. what +形容词 +不可数名词+ (主语+谓语)！4.how +形容词/副词+ (主语+谓语)！5. how + 形容词+ a/an + 单数可数名词 +(主语+谓语)！6.how + 句子（陈述语序）！ how time flies! 光阴似箭！ how i miss you! 我多么想你呀！感叹句做题步骤:找谓语定主语判断划线前单词的词性确定感叹词(what/how)五、祈使句 祈使句用来表示命令、请求、建议、劝告等语气,通常无主语。1.祈使句的类型a. 肯定式祈使句(动词原形+其他成分) come in, please.b. 否定式祈使句(dont + 动词原形+其他成分) dont smoke in the hospital.c. 以let开头的祈使句lets+动词原形+其他成分。lets go to school.lets not +动词原形+其他成分。lets not go to the movies.d. no+名词/动名词。no parking! no photos!2.祈使句的回答-please listen to me carefully. -yes,i will. -dont open the window. -sorry,i wont.3.祈使句，and/or+陈述句。(此句型中陈述句要用一般将来时)work harder,and youll get good grades.hurry up,or you wont catch up with the early bus.一模考试习题：1. at the age of five, my little son weighed 25 kilograms. (对划线部分提问)_ _ did your little son weigh at the age of five?2. my friend jones wrote some articles about memory last month. (改为被动语态)some articles about memory _ _ by my friend jones last month.3. thestudentsprojectswillbeonshowinthree days.（对画线部分提问） willthestudentsprojects beonshow?.4. wepublishourschoolnewspapertwiceamonth（改为被动语态）ourschoolnewspaper twicea month. 5. nancy has dinner with her cousin once a month. （改为一般疑问句） nancy nancy dinner with her cousin once a month？6. you shouldnt wake up your sister, she needs a good sleep. （改为祈使句） up your sister, she needs a good sleep.7. he wrote several novels in the 1990s. （改为被动语态） several novels by him in the 1990s.8. the ice is so thin that we cant skate on it. (改为简单句) the ice isnt for us to skate on.9. jims mother is kind and helpful. (对画线部分提问) jims mother ?10. my aunt is not only beautiful but also patient.（对划线部分提问）_ is your aunt _?11. youmustbecarefulwithyourhandwriting.(改为祈使句)_withyourhandwriting. 12. i would rather wear blue than green. (保持句意基本不变)i _ blue clothes _ green ones.13. we chose your cousin as chairperson of the reading club. (改为被动语态)your cousin _as chairperson of the reading club.14. i went to the library to borrow some books just now. (对划线部分提问)_ _ you go to the library just now? 15. my father didnt watch tv last night, but he read some newspapers. (合并句子)my father read some newspapers _of _tv last night. 16. my father drives me to school every day. (改为被动语态)i _ _ to school by my father every day. 17. i bought the magazine two weeks ago. (保持句意基本不变)i _ _the magazine for two weeks. 18. they often do the housework at weekends. (改为一般疑问句) they often the housework at weekends?19. daniel goes to the library every week . (对划线部分提问) does daniel go to the library ?20. the mp4 is too expensive for me to buy . (改为同义句) the mp4 isnt for me to buy .21. his father has already been to france already. （改为否定句） his father been to france .22. the witness noticed a man walking into the building at 11:00 p.m.（改为被动语态） a man noticed into the building at 11:00 p.m. by the witness. 23. the students watched a very interesting tv programme yesterday. （改为感叹句） interesting tv programme the students watched yesterday!参考答案：1. how much 2. were written 3. how;