【创新设计】（广东专用）高中英语 Unit 22 Environmental Protection单元测试 北师大版选修8(1).doc

unit 22environmental protection第一部分语言知识及运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从115各题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。before discussing this topic，the replacement of dead people through cloning，a big misunderstanding has to be pointed out.cloning can only produce _1_ identical humans but it cant _2_ that the personal beliefs or goals will be similar to the _3_，too.this means for example that even if somebody would have a baby whose embryo(胚胎)was enhanced with _4_ for musical talent it isnt guaranteed that this baby will someday become a famous _5_.the child may have musical talent but what he makes out of these _6_，whether he uses them or not，is up to _7_.if it is not interested in taking piano lessons，for example，the talent will stay _8_.the problem is the same when somebody would try to replace a loved one._9_ expectations on how the character will be might lead to frustration.of course the outward appearance of the clone will be exactly the same but the personality will be _10_ different and thats the critical point here.the clone can never really be a _11_ for another person.also we have to ask us if it is justifiable from the ethical side.cloning people to _12_ others is somewhat similar to have another baby just to create a perfect donor for the already existing sibling that is _13_.how would you _14_ if your parents someday tell you that you were only born for your brother or sister and that you wouldnt be here now if your _15_ wouldnt have needed your help or wouldnt have died?【解题导语】 本文主要阐述人们对于克隆人的误解，以及道德思考。1a.theoretically bgeneticallycpractically dsimilarly解析“基因上”，根据常识，克隆是无细胞繁殖，克隆产物跟克隆母体的基因是完全一样的。答案b2a.ensure benable cpromise dadmit解析“确保，保证”，虽然可以克隆出基因相同的人，但却不能保证克隆人的信仰也会跟母体原型类似。答案a3a.pattern bexample cmodel dcopy解析“model”原型。“pattern”模板、模型；“example”例子；“copy”拷贝，复制。答案c4a.genes belementscpossibilities dcells解析根据上文可知此处应为基因(genes)。答案a5a.teacher bfootballercdentist dpianist解析从上文中的musical talent可知有可能成为pianist。答案d6a.embryoes bexpectationsctalents dskills解析“the child may have musical talent”，但他如何利用这些talents。答案c7a.the genes bthe childcthe parents dthe scientists解析取决于孩子自己，由后文的it也可得知指孩子。答案b8a.unknown bundiscoveredcunacceptable dunpopular解析unknown未知的；undiscovered存在但未被发现；unacceptable不能接受的；unpopular不受欢迎的。答案b9a.unreal bunansweredcunavailable dunrealistic解析表示不切实际的希望会让人受挫。答案d10a.probably bexactlycobjectively dseriously解析由上文可知克隆产物跟克隆母体的外表是完全一模一样的，但他们的个性却有可能不一样。答案a11a.candidate bpart csubstitute dchoice解析candidate候选人；part部分，零件；substitute替代品；choice选择。答案c12a.replace brescue chelp dsatisfy解析克隆产物不可能是替代品，所以不能用来代替他人。答案a13a.healthy bunfriendlycunhappy dsick解析为生病的兄弟姐妹找一个完美的捐赠者。答案d14a.say bthink csense dfeel解析你会作何感想？say，think跟what搭配，sense不合句意。答案d15a.parent bsibling cpet dfamily解析由上文的brother or sister可知不是parent，pet，family，而是sibling兄弟姐妹。答案b第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。it was a cold and cloudy afternoon.i was on the bus with my children，aged four and two，heading home when it started to rain.i realized this would mean a wet walk home _16_ the bus stop.home was only two blocks away _17_ it was not a pleasant walk with one small boy fast asleep in the pram(手推婴儿车)，the other one in a raincoat and no umbrella for myself.a pickup truck passed us on the road and，a few minutes later，i saw it _18_(pull) back and the driver looking directly at us.a young man put the window down.“hey，heres an umbrella for youplease take it.” he called out.i stood there _19_(astonish)，barely believing that the man，_20_ existence was unknown to me only moments ago，could be so _21_(thought)“come on，give this to your mummy，” he said to my older son.i gratefully accepted the offer，_22_(thank) him and watched the truck disappear down the road.this man might have needed the umbrella for _23_ later during the day but preferred to give it to me.it was a lesson to me _24_ its possible to give without expecting anything _25_ return.【解题导语】 本文讲述了作者带着两个小孩在回家路上正下着雨，碰见好心人把伞让给她，然后不图任何回报地离开了。16解析此处意为“从处”。答案from17解析前后句是转折关系。答案but18解析在see sb./sth. doing sth.短语中作宾语补足语。答案pulling19解析过去分词作伴随状语说明主语的状态。答案astonished20解析在定语从句中作定语，与existence构成所属关系。答案whose21解析在be动词之后用形容词作表语。答案thoughtful22解析根据句意可知用一般过去时。答案thanked23解析此处用反身代词，意为他本人可能也需要这把伞。答案himself24解析强调结构：its强调部分that.。答案that25解析此处“in return”意为回报。答案in第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项。aroom for revolution：george washington and his philadelphia friendscharles willson peales george washington at princeton is on view at the museum which was lent from a private collection.this visually striking and finely made lifesize portrait(肖像)records washingtons 6foot2inch figure in a pose highlighting strength，composure，and elegance.it is put up in a room neighboring to the powel house parlor，a period room from one of philadelphias greatest eighteenthcentury private homes，where washington was frequently entertained by his friends，samuel and elizabeth powel.both spaces contain important examples of furniture by philadelphias finest craftsmen，such as thomas affleck and john aitken.among these is a side chair specially ordered by the washingtons when living in philadelphia.painted in philadelphia in 1779，peales painting was immediately sent to europe to promote washingtons reputation as a leader and the cause of the american revolution，then in progress.later，during europes napoleonic wars，a spanish duke with strong sympathies with american revolution owned the picture.at that time he added the complicated carved caption to it，which describes washington as “a liberator of his country who abandoned absolute power”curatorsamerican art department staff，website commentary by carol soltislocationgalleries 286 and 287，second floor【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了一幅美国开国总统华盛顿的肖像画及其绘制前后的一些相关情况。26this passage is mainly about_.athe cause of the american revolutionbthe information of a portrait on viewcthe description of the life of george washingtondthe friendship between washington and his friends解析主旨大意题。根据第一段首句“charles willson peales george washington at princeton is on view at the museum.”便可知文章的主题是谈论一幅展出的华盛顿的肖像画及相关信息。答案b27what is the name of the portrait?aroom for revolution.bcharles willson peale.cgeorge washington at princeton.dgeorge washington and his philadelphia friends.解析细节题。根据第一段“charles willson peales george washington at princeton is on view”可知肖像画的名称是george washington at princeton。答案c28what happened in the powel house parlor?awashington entertained his friends.bwashington made a chair on his own.ccharles willson peale finished the portrait.dsamuel and elizabeth powel met washington a lot.解析细节题。根据第一段“.where washington was frequently entertained by his friends，samuel and elizabeth powel ”可知samuel and elizabeth powel 与华盛顿经常见面。答案d29according to the passage，washington_.alived between 1741 and 1827bordered the portrait painted in 1779cwas sympathized by a spanish dukedwas a great man not greedy for power解析细节题。根据最后一段“a liberator of his country who abandoned absolute power”可知华盛顿是一个不贪图权势的爱国者。答案d30the passage tells us that_.awhen the portrait was finished，america was at warbthe portrait was originally hanging in samuels roomcthe portrait was sent to europe to gain support from napoleondthe caption of the portrait was carved by philadelphias finest craftsmen解析细节题。根据第二段“painted in.in 1779.and the cause of the american revolution，then in progress”，也可根据历史常识，1779年前后一段时间正是美英战争时期，因此答案选a。答案abmost people have heard of shakespeare and probably know something of the plays that he wrote.however，not everybody knows much about the life of this remarkable man，except perhaps that he was born in the market town of stratforduponavon and that he married a woman called anne hathaway.we know nothing of his school life.we do not know，for example，how long it lasted，but we presume that he attended the local grammar school，where the principal subject taught was latin.nothing certain is known for what he did between the time he left school and his departure for london.according to a local legend，he was beaten and even put in prison for stealing rabbits and deer from the estate of a neighboring landowner，sir thomas lucy.it is said that because of this he was forced to run away from his native place.a different legend says that he was apprenticed to a stratford butcher，but did not like the life and for this reason decided to leave stratford.whatever caused him to leave the town of his birth，the world can be grateful that he did so.what is certain is that he set his foot on the road to fame when he arrived in london.it is said that at first he had no money or friends there，but that he earned a little by taking care of the horses of the gentlemen who attended the plays at the theatre.in_time，as he became a familiar figure to the actors in the theatre，they stopped and spoke to him.they found his conversation so brilliant that finally he was invited to join their company.【解题导语】 本文主要描述莎士比亚成为剧作家之前的一些情况。31in the early life of shakespeare，he_.aattended a public schoolblived in londoncstudied latindwas put in prison for stealing cattle解析本文考查细节理解，从第一段最后一句“he attended the local grammar school，where the principal subject taught was laitn”我们可以得知此答案。答案c32why was he forced to leave his native place according to this passage?abecause he did not want to go to school.bbecause he left for london to become famous.cbecause he had stolen deer and was beaten.dno one knows for certain.解析本题考查细节理解。第二段对于他的出走做出了种种猜测，但在第三段第一句作者说“whatever caused him to leave the town of his birth，the world can be grateful that he did so.what is certain is that he set his foot on the road to fame when he arrived in london.”由此我们可以看出作者并没有肯定哪种说法。答案d33what is the reason why the world can be grateful?ahe wrote many worldfamous plays.bhe became a good rider.che was an actor.dhe liked to travel all over the world.解析本题考查推理判断，从“what is certain is that he set his foot on the road to fame when he arrived in london.”我们可以推断出，正是因为他离开家乡去了伦敦，他才走上文学的道路，我们才读到他不朽的著作，因此世界感激他这样做。答案a34the underlined phrase “in time” in the third paragraph means_.aon time bsometimescsome time later dsome time解析本题考查推理判断。联系后面的“as he became a familiar figure to the actors in the theatre，they stopped and spoke to him.”我们可以推测是过一段时间以后人们才熟悉他。答案c35the best title is _.athe early life of shakespearebshakespeares life in londoncshakespeares role in performancedshakespeares later life解析本题考查主旨大意，整个文章主要叙述莎士比亚成为剧作家前的一些情况。答案acpop stars today enjoy what once only belonged to the royalty(皇室)wherever they go，people turn out in their thousands to greet them.the crowds go wild trying to catch a brief glimpse of their smiling，colorfully dressed idols.the stars are transported in their chauffeur driven rollsroyces，private helicopters or executive aeroplanes.they are surrounded by a permanent entourage(随从)of managers，press agents and bodyguards.photographs of them appear regularly in the press and all their comings and goings are reported，for，like royalty，pop stars are news.if they enjoy many of the privileges of royalty，they certainly share many of the inconveniences as well.it is dangerous for them to make unscheduled appearances in public.they must be constantly shielded from the adoring crowds who idolize them.they are no longer private individuals，but public property.the financial rewards they receive for this sacrifice cannot be calculated，for their rates of pay are great.and why not？society has always rewarded its top entertainers lavishly.the great days of hollywood have become legendary：famous stars enjoyed fame，wealth and adulation(奉承)on an alltime scale.by todays standards，the excesses of hollywood do not seem quite so spectacular.a single gramophone record nowadays may earn much more in royalties than the films of the past ever did.the competition for the title“top of the pops”is fierce，but the rewards are truly huge.it is only right that the stars should be paid in this way.dont the top men in industry earn enormous salaries for the service they perform to their companies and their countries？pop stars earn vast sums in foreign currencyoften more than large industrial companiesand the taxman can only be grateful for their massive annual contributions to the exchequer(国库)so who would begrudge them their rewards?its all very well for people in boring jobs to complain about the successes and rewards of others.people who make envious remarks should remember that the most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg.for every famous star，there are hundreds of others struggling to earn a living.a man working in a steady job and looking forward to a pension at the end of it has no right to expect very high rewards.he has chosen security and peace of mind，so there will always be a limit to what he can earn.but a man who attempts to become a star is taking enormous risks.he knows at the outset that only a handful of competitors ever get to the very top.he knows that years of concentrated effort may be rewarded with complete failure.but he knows，too，that the rewards for success are very high indeed ：they are the payback for the huge risks involved and once he makes it，he will certainly earn them.thats the essence of private enterprise.【解题导语】 明星的生活总是令人羡慕不已。他们的生活中有光鲜的一面：不菲的收入，以豪华汽车和私人飞机代步，一言一行都成为人们关注的焦点然而，我们也应看到，他们活得很累，他们为成功所付出的艰辛和代价是一般人难以想象的。36the author develops the passage mainly by_.acomparing different ideas bgiving explanationscinferring dlisting typical examples解析篇章结构题。本文主要通过解释向读者阐明道理。答案b37the underlined word“begrudge”in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to_.abe jealous of bbe satisfied withcbe anxious about dbe crazy about解析词义猜测题。结合上下文的语境判断本句意：谁会对他们所得到的感到妒忌、不满呢？接下来作者讲了一般人从事枯燥但稳定的工作，所以这里意思是：从事稳定工作的人会妒忌这些明星。答案a38according to the passage，which of the following can match the view of the author?ahe who laughs last laughs best.bif you venture nothing，you will gain nothing.che who makes no mistakes makes nothing.dsuccess belongs to the persevering.解析推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，想成为明星就要冒更大的风险，然而一旦成功，回报也是丰厚的，那些选择了稳定工作的人是没有权利期待高额回报的。“if you venture nothing，you will gain nothing.”意为：不入虎穴，焉得虎子，即要成功就要冒险。答案b39the author holds a(n)_attitude towards the high income of pop stars.acritical bapproval coptimistic dindifferent解析推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者认为明星们理应得到高收入，因为他们为此付出了高昂的代价。答案b40which of the following is true according to the passage?apeople are blind in idolizing stars.bthere is fierce competition in becoming pop stars.cthe government taxes pop stars very little.dpop stars life is more luxurious than that of royalty.解析细节判断题。根据文章最后一段的“he knows at the outset that only a handful of competitors ever get to the very top.”以及第二段的最后一句可知答案。答案bdeveryone knows that flamingos are tropical birds.a resident of ottawa，however，spotted a flamingo one cold november day.the bird，called elisha，was more than 300 miles from home when she landed in ottawa.elisha was living in a bird compound in a small town near connecticut when she got lost.why was the bird flying around？“she was probably trying to migrate，”says a naturalist.“a flamingos natural instinct is to migrate to warmer weather in winter.”for the past few years，elisha has lived in a bird compound with other birds，ducks，and swans.in summer，the birds spend their time in a shallow pond.in winter they live in a large，heated greenhouse.one day，elisha took off and flew about 50 miles to the connecticut river.her caregivers tried to get her back and planned to clip(夹住)her wings so she wouldnt fly away again.but every time they approached，elisha managed to get away.“thats a smart bird，”said a news reporter.“she probably knew she was about to get her wings clipped.”back in ottawa，wildlife experts were trying to rescue elisha before she froze to death，but it wasnt easy.first they put up a giant mirror to attract her and placed plates of food next to her.next，they gathered together plastic flamingos.they set the plastic birds up in a park nearby.“we were hoping that elisha would like being in a group，even if it is plastic.maybe she would fall in love with something，”a rescue worker said.that didnt work either.“shes not easy to catch，”said a compound worker in connecticut.“we couldnt catch her either.she seems to like her freedom.”finally，after a dozen rescue attempts by almost 100 volunteers.elisha was captured.“i guess she got hungry，”said a rescue worker.“we were about to give up when we saw her looking for food at the edge of the river.she couldnt find anything to eat because the water was frozen.”elisha put her head in the water to feed.when she gave up they caught her in a net.then she flew back to connecticut，this time by plane.【解题导语】一只本只能生存在热带的鸟flamingo因某种原因于11月飞到了康涅狄格州，人们采取了各种各样的措施来保护它。41why was elisha found in ottawa in november?ashe was meant to find something to ea