高考英语二轮专题思路点拨及增分训练 阅读理解13.doc

2013高考英语二轮专题思路点拨及增分训练阅读理解13language learning begins with listening. children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners. most children will“obey”spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word “obey” is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises. any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. it is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on. but since these cant be said to show the babys intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. it is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store. this self-imitation（模仿）leads on to deliberate（有意的）imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. the problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech. it is a problem we need to get out teeth into. the meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world. thus the use at seven months of “mama” as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes. playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself, i doubt, however whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds. 51.before children start speaking_. a.they need equal amount of listening b.they need different amounts of listening c.they are all eager to cooperate with the adults by obeying spoken instructions d.they cant understand and obey the adults oral instructions 52.children who start speaking late _. a.may have problems with their listening b.probably do not hear enough language spoken around them c.usually pay close attention to what they hear d.often take a long time in learning to listen properly 53.a babys first noises are _. a.an expression of his moods and feelings b.an early form of language c.a sign that he means to tell you something d.an imitation of the speech of adults 54.the problem of deciding at what point a babys imitations can be considered as speech_. a.is important because words have different meanings for different people b.is not especially important because the changeover takes place gradually c.is one that should be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with age d.is one that should be completely ignored（忽略）because childrens use of words is often meaningless 55.the speaker implies_. a.parents can never hope to teach their children new sounds b.children no longer imitate people after they begin to speak c.children who are good at imitating learn new words more quickly d.even after they have learnt to speak, children still enjoy imitating 5155 bdad ain 490 b.c. the greek messenger, pheidippides , ran about 40 kilometers from the town of “marathon”to athens to announce the victory of athens over macedon . since then ,the 42kilometer “marathon”race has become a great test for athletes. however, for many years , only men were allowed to run this race , because the distance was said to be unbearable for women. in 1966, an american women named roberta gibb proved that idea wrong. gibb had always enjoyed running .one day in 1964 , she saw the boston marathon happening as she was running in the woods. since running meant a lot to her, she began training harder , hoping to join the marathon some day. gibb finally applied to run in the 1966 boston marathon, but she was not given entrance because the boston marathon association considered that women were not strong enough to run 42 kilometers . yet, this was no obstacle to gibb, for she knew she had the physical and mental strength to complete the race .on the day the 1966 boston marathon was held , gibb hid in the bushes and jumped into the race when it began. she finished the race in 3 hours and 21 minutes, defeating two thirds of the men in the race and proving that women could run the marathon.although what gibb did was only to realize her dream, in doing so she showed the world that women could accomplish greater things than many people believed they could.56.why were women forbidden to run the 42km marathon ?a. training was only provided for men .b. women could not work as messengers.c. women were believed too weak to finish it. d. it was a race held only for professional athletes57.what did roberta gibb do to prepare herself for the boston marathon ?a .she dressed herself as a man.b. she trained herself harder than before.c. she found a job in the boston marathon association .d. she hid in the bushes, waiting for the end of the race.58.what happened to gibb in the 1966 boston marathon?a. her application wasnt accepted. b . she was asked to train harder . c. her determination amazed people. d. she was welcome to run the race.59. according to the text ,what can we learn from roberta gibbs story?a. most women ran slower than men in marathons.b. joining marathons is the best way to prove ones strength.c. it takes at least two years to train to become a marathon runner.d. women may be able to achieve greater things than theyre expected. bunited states capitolit serves as the seat of government for the us congress. it is localted in washington,d.c.,on top of capitol hill at the eastern end of the national mall.officially, both the east and west sides of the capitol are referred to as “fronts,”historically,however, the east front was initially the side of the building intended for the arrival of visitors and famous guests.phone:(202) 225-6827official website:hours:monday-saturday：9:00 a.m.-4:30 p.m.international spy museum it is a privately owned museum dedicated to the fidld of espionage localed in washington.d.c.,the museum was built by the malrite company at a cost of us $ 40 million.despite being one of the few museums in washington that charges admission fees,it has been popular since its opening in july 2002.phone:(202) 393-7798official website:hours:monday-sunday:9:30 a.m.-6:00 p.m.national museum of natural historyit is a natural history museum administered by the smithsonian institution,localed on the national mall in washington,d.c.,admission is free and the museum is open 364 days a year,the museums collertions total over 125 million speciments of plants,animals,fossils,minerals,rocks,meteorites（陨石），and human cultural artifacts ,making it the largest such museum anywhere .it is the second most popular of all of the smithsonian museums and is also home to aboud 185 professional matural history scientists the largest group of scientists dedicated to the study of the natural and cultural history in the world.phone:(202) 633-1000official website:jefferson memorial it is a presidential memorial in washington,d.c.,dedicated to thomas jefferson,an american founding father and the third president of the united states,the neoclassical building was designed by john russell pope, it was built by philadelphia contractor john mc.shain .construction began in 1939,the building was completed in 1942,and the bronze statue of jefferson was added in 1947 ,when completed,the memorial occupied one of the last significant sites left in the city.phone:(202) 426-6821official wdhsite:/thje60.which admission is free?a.united states capitol b.jefferson memorial c.international spy museum d.national museum of natural history61.visitors can learn more about in the jefferson memorial.a.the third american president b.the us governmentc.rock collections d.natural history62.where does this text probably come from?a.a science textbook b.a tourist guidec.a museum guide d.a history report cthe united nations environment program is calling for urgent action to reduce growing risks from chemicals. better management of chemicals could save millions of lives and billions of dollars. an estimated one hundred forty-three thousand chemicals are now produced. yet only the report says only a small number of these chemicals have been studied for their effects on human health and the environment. it says death and disability rates are high from the unsafe use of chemical products.sylvie lemmet, director of the u.n. environment program, says poor management of chemicals has a high economic cost. for example, she says the cost is higher than the amount of overseas development aid, or oda, for health care in sub-saharan africa.she says: if you look at the estimated cost of poisoning from pesticide in sub-saharan africa, only the injury and the loss of working time is estimated to be 6.3 billion u.s. dollars in 2009. this is higher than the total oda that is going to the health sector in the same area.the program estimates that chemical sales worldwide will increase by around three percent a year until 2050. chemical production is moving quickly from developed to developing countries. by 2020, chemical production is expected to increase by 40 percent in africa and the middle east and 33 percent in latin america. one of its biggest concerns is pollution of rivers and lakes by pesticides and fertilizer. other major concerns are heavy-metal pollution from the production of cement and textiles, and dioxin pollution from mining.the u.n. report urges the chemical industry and governments to work together to develop safety policies. it says preventing harm costs less than fixing it.63. the purpose of paragraph 3 is mainly to indicate that _.a. the use of pesticide is wasteful.b. africa needs more development aid.c. chemicals have a high production cost.d. estimated cost of chemicals is inaccurate.64. which of the following is not a source of danger according to the text?a. pesticides. b. fertilizer. c. heavy-metal. d. mineral.65. according to the text what is the main reason for chemicals risks?a. poor management of chemicals.b. lack of research funds on chemicals.c. the mass production of cement and textilesd. contradiction between chemical producers and governments.66. what would be the best title for the text?a. the truth in sylvie lemmets comments.b. a un warning about chemical dangers.c. the unpredictable future of chemical industry.d. preventing: much better than curing.dangry birds is a video game developed by finnish computer game developer rovio mohile.inspired primarily by a sketch of stylized wingless birds,the game was first released for apples mobile operating system in december 2009.since then, over 12 million copies of the game have been purchased from apples app store. with its fast-growing popularity worldwide, the game and its characters-angry birds and their enemy pigs-have appeared in televion programs throughout the world.the israeli comedy a wonderful country ,one of the nations most popular tv programs,satirized(讽刺) recent failed israeli-palestinian peace attempts by featuring the angry birds in peace negotintions with the pigs.clips of the segment (片段)went viral, getting viewers from all around the world.american television hosts conan obrien ,jon steward ,and daniel tosh have referenced the game in comedy sketches for their programs,conan,the daily show,and dash. o. some of the games more famous fans include prime minister david cameron of uk,who plays the ipad version of the game,and author salman rushdie,who is believed to be “something of a master at angry birds.”angry birds and its characters have also been featured in advertisements in different forms.in march 2011,the characters began appearing in a series of advertisements for microsofts bing search engine.in the same year,nokin produced an advertisement in austin, texas that included the games characters on a downtown building for its new mobile phone.later,a t-mobile advertisement filmed in spain included a real-life mock-up(实物模拟)of the game in a city center .nokin also used the game in malaysia to promote an attempt to set a world record for the largest number of people playing a single mobile game.angry birds has even