高考英语二轮复习 必备考点1 单项填空(2)(1).doc

考点1 单项填空 (一)名词和主谓一致1. (2010江苏卷t22)the doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good _.a. expectation b. reputation c. contribution d. civilization 2. (2010安徽卷t25)i havent seen sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond _.a. hearing b. strength c. recognition d. measure3.(2010湖北卷t21)this restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.a. division b. area c. range d. circle4. (2010湖北卷t22)after the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.a. accommodation b. occupation c. equipment d. furniture5.(2010湖南卷t33)listening to loud music at rock concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.a. isb. arec. hasd. have6.(2010江西卷t35)last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a(n) of 40,000 per year.a. average b. numberc. amountd. quantity7.(2010山东卷t33)those who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine.a. relief b. safety c. defense d. shelter8. (2010陕西卷t 24) it is reported that many a new house _ at present in the disaster area. a. are being built b. were being built c. was being built d. is being built9. (2010四川卷t15)such poets as shakespeare widely read, of whose works, however, some difficult to understand.a. are; are b. is; is c. are; is d. is; are10. (2010天津卷t3) james took the magazines off the little table to make_for the television.a. room b. area c. field d. position11. (2010浙江卷16) the school advisers help you talk through your problems but they dont give you any direct _.a. solution b. target c. measure d. function【答案解析】1.【解析】选b。考查名词词义辨析。句意：那个医生擅于治疗心脏病，并且从来不接受病人的礼物，所以他有非常好的名声。expectation期望，预期；reputation名声；contribution贡献，致力；civilization文明。根据句意选择b项。2. 【解析】选c。考查名词词义辨析。句意：从sara还是个小女孩时起，我就没再见过她，她现在已经变得让我认不出了。hearing 听觉；strength强度，力气，力量；recognition 认出，承认； measure 大小，度量单位，范围，程度。3. 【解析】选c。考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于有广泛的食物(选择)适合所有口味和收入的人群的需要，这家餐馆已经火了。由定语从句that suit all tastes and pockets可以推断所选词应表示“(选择)范围”，因此选择c。division 分开，分担；area 面积，地区，领域；circle 圆圈，环形物；均不符合题意。4. 【解析】选a。考查名词词义辨析。句意：地震之后，当地政府首先做的是为无家可归的家庭提供住处。由语境(after the earthquake)可知，对the homeless families首先应当提供的是住处，因此选择a。occupation 职业，占有；equipment 设备；furniture 家具；均不符合题意。5. 【解析】选c。考查主谓一致和语态。句意：在摇滚演唱会上听超响的音乐已对一些青少年造成了听力的丧失。由于caused后有宾语，故应该用主动语态，因此排除a、b。考虑到主语是动名词短语，所以谓语动词应该用单数, 故选c。6. 【解析】选a。考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年毕业有驾照的学生达到了20万， 平均每年有4万。 an average of 平均；a number of 许多；an amount of 许多, 修饰不可数名词；a quantity of 许多，修饰可数名词或不可数名词。根据语境per year 可知此处指的是平均数。7. 【解析】选a。考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些患头痛的人将会发现服用了这种药头痛可以得到缓解。relief缓解，减轻；safety 安全；defense 防御；shelter 保护，避难所，躲避处；根据四个名词选项，可判断a项为正确答案。8. 【解析】选d。考查主谓一致。根据 “many a + 单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式，可排除a、b。根据时间状语at present (目前，现在)，要用现在进行时，所以又可排除c。9. 【解析】选a。考查主谓一致。such. as.结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数通常取决于such后的名词或代词的单复数，因此第一个空的单复数取决于poets；非限制性定语从句的主语是some of whose works，故选项a正确。10. 【解析】选a。考查名词词义辨义。句意：詹姆斯把那本杂志从小桌子上拿走，好腾出地方来放电视机。room n.(u) 空间，地方；(c)房间，室; area地区，面积; field田间，领域; position 位置，地点; room 在此是不可数名词，空间，地方。make room for 给腾地方。11. 【解析】选a。考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然学校顾问会帮你解释清楚问题，但是他们不会给出任何直接解决的办法。solution 解决办法，符合语意要求。target目标；measure尺寸，措施；function功能。(二)冠词1. (2010江苏卷t21)the visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that _ people from all walks of life are working hard for_ new jiangsu.a. 不填; a b. 不填; the c. the; a d. the; the 2. (2010北京卷t35)first impressions are the most lasting. after all, you never get _ second chance to make _first impression. a. a; the b. the; the c. a; a d. the; a3. (2010福建卷t21) its good feeling for people to admire the shanghai world expo that gives them _ pleasure.a. 不填; a b. a; 不填 c. the; a d. a; the4. (2010辽宁卷t22)there are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _ earth.athe; the b. 不填; the cthe; 不填 da; the5. (2010山东卷t22) if we sit near _ front of the bus, well have _ better view.a. 不填；the b. 不填；a c. the; a d. the；the6. (2010四川卷t2) in most countries, a university degree can give you flying start in life.a. the; a b. the; 不填 c.不填; 不填 d.不填; a7. (2010浙江卷t2) many lifestyle patterns do such _ great harm to health that they actually speed up _weakening of the human body.a. a; / b. /; the c. a; the d. /; /8. (2010重庆卷t27)everything comes with _ price; there is no such _ thing as a free lunch in the world.a. a; a b. the; / c. the; / d. a; /【答案解析】1.【解析】选a。考查冠词用法。句意：使这儿的参观者印象非常深刻的是，来自各行各业的人都在为建设一个新江苏而努力工作。本题中第一个空指“来自各行各业的人”，集体名词people表示泛指，所以前面不用冠词；第二个空指“一个新江苏”，专有名词jiangsu 前有形容词new，加不定冠词表示泛指，指具有某种性质的物(或者人)。所以选择a项。2.【解析】选c。考查冠词用法。句意：第一印象是最持久的。毕竟，你不会再一次得到机会留下第一印象的。“a + 序数词 + 单数可数名词”表示“又一，再一”；后面是短语make a first impression，表示“留下第一印象”。3.【解析】选b。考查冠词用法。句意：对于人们来说，欣赏带给他们快乐的上海世博会是一种美好的感觉。feeling指伤心或快乐的感觉时通常用作可数名词；pleasure“愉快，高兴”，通常用作不可数名词。4.【解析】选b。考查冠词用法。句意：太空中有超过58,000块的岩状物体，其中大约有900块可能掉到地球上。in space 是固定短语，不用冠词，第二个空名词earth属于表示独一无二事物的名词，其前必须用定冠词。5.【解析】选c。考查冠词用法。句意：如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部，我们就会看得更清楚。第一个空the front of the bus指公共汽车内部的前面，此处用the定指；第二个空中have a better view 意为“更好地看到”。have a good view of清楚看到，看到的美景。【知识拓展】冠词用法的考查常有以下几个命题角度：(1)不定冠词a/an在句中表示泛指一个。shanghai has become a world-class city.(2)定冠词表示特指，用于指前面已经提到的人或物以及带有限定成分的名词、某些专有名词等。 with the 2010 world expo taking place in shanghai, the city has become the centre of the world attention. (3)冠词在某些特定短语中的应用。i was at a loss what we can do with such a naughty boy. (4)零冠词用法：在某些物质名词及抽象名词前不使用冠词。metal has replaced wood in constructing high buildings. (5)抽象名词具体化用法：某些名词如success, failure, surprise, disappointment, shock等用于指一件的事或一个的人，常在其前加a/an。what a disappointment it was to learn that he had turned down our request.6. 【解析】选d。考查冠词。most countries此处表示泛指，most前不加定冠词the；start在句中的意思是“起点”，是可数名词，故选项d正确。7. 【解析】选b。 考查冠词的用法。第一个空中的“do harm to”为固定搭配，中间不用冠词；第二个空后由于有of引导的后置定语，所以weakening前加the予以限定。8. 【解析】选d。句意：任何事情都是要付出代价的,在这个世界上并没有免费的午餐。price是可数名词单数形式，表泛指必须要加不定冠词a； no such thing 是固定搭配，不用冠词，结构是no such+名词：no such person，no such book。(三)代词1. (2010 全国卷it23) ill spend half of my holiday practising english and _ half learning drawing.a. another b. the other c. others d. other2. (2010全国卷iit12)neither side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth things over between them.a. others b. the other c. another d.one other3. (2010全国卷iit14)the doctor thought _ would be good for you to have a holiday.a. this b. that c. one d. it4. (2010安徽卷t21)you are a team star! working with _is really your cup of tea.a. both b. either c. others d. the other5.(2010福建卷t 22) when you introduce me to mr. johnson, could you please say _ for me?a. everything b. anything c. something d. nothing6.(2010重庆卷t23)he had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _ of them again.a. neither b. either c. each d. all7. (2010江西卷t 27)swimming is my favorite sport. there is _ like swimming as a means of keeping fit.a. something b. anything c. nothing d. everything8.(2010辽宁卷t33)the fact that she was foreign made _difficult for her to get a job in that country.a . so b. much c. that d. it9.(2010山东卷t32)helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age.a. it b. that c. what d. one10.(2010陕西卷t12) the cost of renting a house in central xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city.a. that b. this c. it d. one 11. (2010上海卷t27) if our parents do everything for us children, we wont learn to depend on _.a. themselves b. them c. us d. ourselves12.(2010四川卷t7) on my desk is a photo that my father took of _ when i was a baby. a. him b. his c. me d. mine 13.(2010天津卷t6)_in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the palace museum.a. anything b. nothing c. everything d. something14.(2010浙江卷t14)_ thats important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction. a. one b. all c. everything d. anything【答案解析】1.【解析】选b。考查代词。another“另一个”，指三者或三者以上中的另一个。the other表示两者中的另一个；other“其他的”。句意：我的假期的一半时间将用来练习英语，另一半时间将用来学习绘画。根据句意以及another与the other的用法可知选b。【知识拓展】another，the other，other，others的区别 another“另一个”，指三者或三者以上中的另一个。the other表示两者中的另一个，常用于“onethe other”结构，表示“一个另一个”；另外，the other后面还可跟名词，特指其他的人或物。other是形容词，表示“其他的”，不能单独使用，后面必须跟名词，表示泛指，如other people泛指其他的人。others相当于other后面跟名词，如other people=others。例如：(1)i have three best friends. one is tom, one is bob, and another is jack.我有三个最好的朋友。一个是汤姆，一个是鲍勃，另一个是杰克。(another指三者或三者以上中的另一个) (2)in front of me are two men. one is tall and thin and the other is short and fat. 我前面有两位男士。一位又高又瘦，另一位又矮又胖。(the other表示两者中的另一个) (3)in our class, all the other students are in favor of my plan except the monitor.在我们班，除了班长所有其他的学生都支持我的方案。(the other后面可跟名词，特指某个范围内的其他的人) (4)some are active in the discussion, and others (other students) are not.一些学生积极参与谈论，而另一些却不积极。(others相当于other后面跟名词，表示泛指)2. 【解析】选b。考查代词。others表示“其他的人或物”, another“另一个”，指三者或三者以上中的另一个。the other表示两者中的另一个，常用于onethe other结构，表示“一个另一个”。根据句中的neither side可知应为两方，故选b。句意：双方都不愿意彼此交谈除非我们能消除他们之间的分歧。3. 【解析】选d。考查it作形式主语。此处it would be good for you to have a holiday是宾语从句作thought的宾语。it在这个宾语从句中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。其他三个选项都不能作形式主语或宾语。句意：医生认为去度假对你是有益的。4. 【解析】选c。考查代词词义辨析。句意: 你真是个合作明星。和别人一起工作真是你喜欢的事情。really ones cup of tea 真的是某人所喜欢的。both表示两者都；either 表示两者中的任何一个,强调个体; others表示复数意义,泛指他人; the other 指代单数可数名词时,特指两者中的另一个。此句中应是泛指“他人”。5.【解析】选c。考查不定代词的用法。句意：当你把我介绍给约翰逊先生的时候，请为我说点什么好吗？something可用于疑问句中，表示希望得到对方的肯定回答，与语境相符。【知识拓展】不定代词的常见考点不定代词的考点常见的有：(1) none/no one：none可用于表示人或物，可接 of，有范围的限定，其谓语的数可以是单数也可以是复数；no one通常只表示人，不接of，无范围的限定。(2) each/every：each 和every着眼点不同，范围也不同，前者重在个体，表两者或两者以上；后者着眼于整体，表三者或三者以上。(3) either/neither：either两者中任一个；neither 两者中没有一个。(4)other/another：other泛指“另外的”，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用，但前面有the, some, any, each, every, no以及形容词性物主代词时，可与单数可数名词连用。another是由不定冠词an和other合并构成，通常代替或修饰可数的单数名词，意思是“任一、再一”。(5) all/both：all可以代表或修饰可数名词和不可数名词，代表或修饰可数名词时，指三个或三个以上的人或事物；不定代词both指两个人或事物。(6) all，both，every与not连用，构成部分否定，意为“并非都”。6.【解析】选b。考查代词。句意：战争中他已失去了冷静和健康，并且这两样东西再也找不回来了。根据题干是两者，选项中可以用于两者的是a和b, 排除c和d。c项意为“每一个”，d项意为“ 所有的”，用于三者或三者以上。题干中有never，never/not+either=neither，所以b是正确答案。7.【解析】选c。考查代词的用法。句意：游泳是我最喜欢的运动项目。没有一种运动能像游泳一样作为一种保持健康的方法。something 有些； anything 任何事情； nothing 没有; everything 一切。8.【解析】选d。考查it的指代用法。句意：她是外国人的事实使得她在那个国家很难找到工作。句子结构：the fact作句子的主语，that she was foreign作the fact 的同位语，made 作谓语， for her to get a job in that country是动词不定式的复合结构作made的宾语，difficult是宾语补足语，此时要用it作made的形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后，其他词没有这种用法。9.【解析】选d。考查代词的用法。句意：帮助别人是一种习惯，一个你在小时候就能学会的习惯。分析句子结构可知，habit之后的空格处为同位语部分，用one相当于a habit, 空处后的部分为定语从句，修饰one, 其后省略了引导定语从句的关系代词which或that, 作learn的宾语。 【知识拓展】 “代词作同位语”考点剖析 将同位语与代词用法放在一起考查是各种测试题中常见的一种现象，常涉及it, that, one, this, what及something, anything, nothing等，而其中对one，it, that, what等代词的考查尤其多见, 针对one在句中用于代替“a/an+单数名词”充当同位语的这一考查角度在数年高考题中多次出现，通过比较我们可以发现某些高考题的相似之处。(2002全国卷i) meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _i will always treasure.a. that b. one c. it d. what【解析】选b。此句中用one替代a moment，作an unforgettable moment的同位语，泛指难忘的那样一个时刻。又如cook was a strict but good captain, one who took good care of the sailors on his ship.同时仔细研究题目的四个选项，我们也可以看出，山东高考题只是2002年全国卷的一个翻版而已。10. 【解析】选a。考查代词。为避免重复，这里that代替特指的名词the cost。 that作代词时表示特指，指代前面提到过的那类事物，即代替带定冠词的名词，既可用来代替可数名词的单数形式，也可用来代替不可数名词，cost为不可数名词。this 一般用来代替已知的人和事，不符合题意，可排除。it用来代替上文中提到的那个事物，即同类又同物，可排除。one相当于“a(n)+ 单数可数名词”，指同类事物中的一个，只能代替可数名词，也可排除。11. 【解析】选d。考查反身代词。句意：如果我们的父母为我们这些孩子做每一件事，我们将学不会依靠我们自己。depend on oneself 依靠自己，独立。12. 【解析】选c。考查人称代词。句意：在我的书桌上有在我小的时候父亲给我拍的一张照片。句中关系代词that引导一个定语从句，将定语从句还原，即为：my father took a photo of me when i was a baby.。由此可知选项c正确。13.【解析】选b。考查代词。句意：在我的一生中，给我留下最深印象的是我第一次去故宫。此题nothing.+as/so+形容词/副词+as.结构，意思是“再没有比更”a项指任何事情，c项指一切事情，d项指某事。根据句意所以选b。14.【解析】选b。考查定语从句的关系代词。all that=what, 本句意为“重要的是你在尽力并且方向正确。”所以答案为b。 (四)介词和介词短语1. (2010江苏卷t29)so far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is _ ideal. we have to work still harder.a. next to b. far from c. out of d. due to 2. (2010重庆卷t22)the dictionary is what i want, but i dont have enough money _me.a. by b. for c. in d. with3. (2010浙江卷t7) i guess weve already talked about this before but ill ask you again just _.a. by nature b. in return c. in case d. by chance4. (2010四川卷t5) tired, jim was fast asleep with his back _ a big tree.a. in b. below c. beside d. against 5. (2010上海卷t 25) sean has formed the habit of jogging _ the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.a. between b. along c. below d. with6. (2010 天津卷t13) my father warned me going to the west coast because it was crowded with tourists.a. by b. on c. for d. against7. (2010辽宁卷t31)i agree to his suggestion_ the condition that he drops all charges.a. by b. in c. on d. to8. (2010江西卷t 34) nowadays some hospitals refer to patients _ name, not case number.a. of b. as c. by d. with9.(2010江西卷t29) we give dogs time ,space and love we can spare, and _, dogs give us their all.a. in all b. in fact c. in short d. in return10 (2010湖北卷t30) it is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money _ favors to them.a. in preference to b. in place of c. in agreement with d. in exchange for 11. (2010北京卷t 29) would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? they are_ everyones enjoyment.a. in b. at c. for d. to12. (2010福建卷t27) more and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities _ space.a. in search of b. in place of c. for lack ofd. for fear of【答案解析】1.【解析】选b。考查固定短语意义的辨析。句意：到目前为止，我们已经做了很多工作来打造低碳经济，但是还远不理想。我们还必须更加努力工作。next to意为“几乎，差不多；紧邻着”，与句意相反；far from意为“远非；远离”，后面常常接名词或者形容词；out of意为“从里；出于”；due to意为“由于”，后面常常接名词，可以作表语或者原因状语，相当于because of。根据句意选择b项。2. 【解析】选d。考查介词。句意：这本词典是我想要的东西,但我身上没带那么多钱。with表示(随身,随同,携带等)在身边，在身上，随身带着；in 在里, 在期间；for 为了, 向；by靠近,通过,在旁边。根据句意选d。3. 【解析】选c。考查介词短语作状语的用法。句意：我猜我们之前已经谈论过这个问题，但是我想再问你一遍以免(失误)。in case 以免，以防；by nature 天生的；in return作为回报，作为回应；by chance偶然的。4. 【解析】选d。考查介词辨析。句意：吉姆累了，背靠着树睡着了。against在句中意思是“倚着，靠着”，与语境相符。in“在里面”；below“在下方”；beside“在旁边”；均与语境不符。5. 【解析】选b。考查介词。句意：sean已经养成了每天沿着两旁绿树成行的林荫道慢跑两小时的习惯。along“沿着，顺着”，符合题干意思。between在中间；below在下面；with和在一起，均不符合句意。6. 【解析】选d。考查介词。句意：因为西海岸挤满了游客，所以我父亲提醒我不要去西海岸。warn sb. against doing sth. 警告或提醒某人不要做某事。所以选d。7. 【解析】选c。考查介词用法。句意：我同意他的建议，条件是他放弃所有指控。介词on 和the condition that一起相当于一个连词，引导条件状语从句，意思是“条件是，以为条件”。8.【解析】选c。考查介词词组搭配。 句意：当今一些医院以实名制记录病人而不是病历号。by name 用名字。9.【解析】选d。考查介词词组辨析。句意：我们给狗我们所能够抽出的时间、空间和爱，作为回报，狗给予我们他们的一切。in all 总共；in fact 事实上；in short 简言之；in return 作为回报。10.【解析】选d。考查介词短语意义辨析。句意：公务员用自己对他人的格外关照作交换而向他人索要钱物的行为是非法的。in exchange for 用作交换，换取；符合题意，因此选择d。in preference to 优先于；in place of 代替；in agreement with 与一致，均不合题意。11.【解析】选c。考查介词。句意：不要摘花园里的花好吗？它们是供大家欣赏的。for表目的。in表地点、方向或范围等；at表地点、时间、方向、目标、价格、速度、原因等；to表方向、地点、时间、比率等。12. 【解析】选c。考查介词短语。句意：因缺乏空间，在大城市里越来越多的高层建筑被建造起来。for lack of “因缺乏”，与语境相符。in search of “寻找”；in place of “取代”；for fear of “唯恐”，均与语境不符。(五)形容词和副词1. (2010全国卷it26)i have seldom seen my mother _ pleased with my progress as she is now. a. so b. very c. too d. rather2. (2010全国卷iit13) the island is _ attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.a. partly b. merely c. nearly d. equally3. (2010全国卷iit20) mr. black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been_.a. popular b. more popularc. most popular d. the most popular4. (2010安徽卷t31)_, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.a. shy and cautious b. sensitive and thoughtful c. honest and confident d. lighthearted and optimistic5. (2010福建卷t23) volunteering is becoming _ popular in china. yeah, people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves.a. naturally b. successfully c. splendidly d. increasingly6. (2010福建卷t32)drunk driving, which was once a _ occurrence, is now under control.a. general b. frequent c. normal d. particular7.(2010湖北卷t23)in this lecture, i can only give you a purely view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.a. private b. personal c. unique d. different8.(2010湖北卷t24) mistakes dont just happen; they occur for a reason. find out the reason, and then making the mistake becomes .a. favourable b. precious c. essential d. worthwhile9.(2010湖北卷t25) if i find som