高考英语阅读理解巩固精品题练习（16）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解巩固精品题练习（16）及答案阅读理解malaria, the worlds most widespread parasitic (寄生虫引起的)disease, kills as many as three million people every year - almost all of whom are under five, very poor, and african. in most years, more than five hundred million cases of illness result from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many people dont (or cant) seek care. it is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. in countries like tanzania, mozambique, and the gambia, no family, village, hospital, or workplace can remain unaffected for long. malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches. as the parasites multiply, they take over the entire body. malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect (感染) .they can also attach themselves to blood vessels in the brain. if it doesnt kill you, malaria can happen again and again for years. the disease is passed on to humans by female mosquitoes infected with one of four species of a parasite. together, the mosquito and the parasite are the most deadly couple in the history of the earth and one of the most successful. malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control. studies show that mosquitoes are passing on the virus more frequently, and there are more outbreaks in cities with large populations. some of the diseases spread is due to global warming.for decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. if these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next.56. according to paragraph 1, many people dont seek care because _.a. they are too poorb. it is unusual to seek carec. they can remain unaffected for longd. there are too many people suffering from the disease57. people suffering from malaria _.a. have to kill female mosquitoesb. have ability to defend parasitesc. have their red blood cells infectedd. have sudden fever, followed by chills58. which of the following may be the reason for the wide spread of the disease?a. its resistance to global warming.b. its ability to pass on the virus frequently.c. its outbreaks in cities with large populations.d. its ability to defend itself and resist new drugs.59. it can be inferred from the passage that _.a. no drugs have been found to treat the diseaseb. the alternative treatment is not easily available to most peoplec. malaria has developed its ability to resist parasitesd. nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease60. which of the following questions has not been discussed in the passage?a. how can we know one is suffering from malaria?b. how many people are killed by malaria each year?c. why are there so many people suffering from malaria?d. what has been done to keep people unaffected for long?参考答案56-60acdbd阅读理解-afor centuries, the bodys blood has been linked closely with the emotionspeople who show no human emotions or feelings, are said to be cold-blooded killerfor example, the police are searching for a cold-blooded killerhe seems to kill for no reason, and no emotion, as if taking someones life as nothingcold can affect other parts of the bodythe expression “get cold feet” has nothing to do with cold or your feetthe expression means being afraid to do something you have decided to dofor example, you agree to be president of an organizationbut then you learn that all the other officers have resigned, and all the work of the organization will be your responsibilityyou are likely to get cold feet about being president when you understand the situation.the expression “give someone the cold shoulder” probably comes from the physical act of turning your back toward someone, instead of speaking to him face to faceyou may give a cold shoulder to a friend who has not kept a promise he made to youor, to someone who has lied about you to othersa cold fish is not a fishit is a personbut it is a person who is unfriendly, unemotional and shows no love or warmtha cold fish does not offer much of himself to anyonesomeone who is a cold fish could be cold-heartednow a cold-hearted person is someone who has no sympathyseveral popular songs in recent years were about cold-hearted men or cold-hearted women who, without feelings, broke the hearts of their loversout in the cold means not getting something that everybody else gota person might say that everybody but him got a pay raise-he was left out in the coldand it is not a pleasant place to be41when you refuse to speak to a man and treat him in a distant way, you may express by “_”ai give him the cold shoulder bi think he is a cold-blooded manci think he is a cold fish dim likely to get cold feet42if sue shows absolutely no reaction to those awful pictures of starving children in africa, you will say _ashe is a cold-blooded killer bshe gets cold feetcshe is a cold fish dshe is out in the cold43we can use the expression “_” to describe a man who abandons or hurts his lover without mercyacold-bloodedbcold shoulder ccold feetdcold-hearted44the topic of this passage is about _athe relationship between cold and our bodybsome expressions about friendshipcsome expressions connected with colddhow cold weather comes into being参考答案4144 acdc c82013江西卷 cmany people think that listening is a passive business. it is just the opposite. listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work. it is because they do not realize this, or because they are not willing to do the work, that most people do not listen well. listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. an essential part of listening well is the rule known asbracketing. bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone elses world from the inside, stepping_into_his_or_her_shoes. moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. true communication is under way. the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.most of the time we lack this energy. even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, what we are usually doing is listening selectively. often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder, as we listen, how we can achieve certain desired results to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us. many of us are far more interested in talking than in listening, or we simply refuse to listen to what we dont want to hear.it wasnt until toward the end of my doctor career that i have found the knowledge that one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic(有疗效的). in about a quarter of the patients i saw, surprising improvement was shown during the first few months of the psychotherapy(心理疗法), before any of the roots of problems had been uncovered or explained. there are several reasons for this phenomenon, but chief among them, i believe, was the patients sense that he or she was being truly listened to, often for the first time in years, and for some, perhaps for the first time ever.66. the phrase “stepping into his or her shoes” in paragraph 2 probably means _a. preparing a topic list first b. focusing on ones own mindc. directing the talk to the desired results d. experiencing the speakers inside world67what is mainly discussed in paragraph 2?a. how to listen well. b. what to listen to.c. benefits of listening. d. problems in listening.68according to the author, in communication people tend to _a. listen actively b. listen purposefully c. set aside their prejudices d. open up their inner mind69according to the author, the patients improved mainly because _a. they were taken good care of b. they knew they were truly listened toc. they had partners to talk to d. they knew the roots of problems70what type of writing is the article likely to be?a. science fiction. b. a news report. c. a medical report. d. popular science.【要点综述】 本文主要介绍了倾听的好处，并通过自己作为医生的亲身体验说明倾听对于病人来说是最好的疗法。66. d考查词意猜测。由画线短语所在句前部分“to experience as far as possible someone elses world from the inside”可推出画线短语应该是“走进说话者的内心世界”的意思。67. a考查段落大意。由第二段的内容以及第二段第一、二句“listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. an essential part of listening well is”可知此段主要讲述了如何才能听得好。68. b考查细节理解。由第三段第二句“what we are usually doing is listening selectively.”可知在交流中我们倾向于有选择地也就是有目的地听。69. b考查细节理解。根据最后一段第一句“one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic(有疗效的)”可知真正被倾听是最有疗效的医治方法。70. d考查推理判断。综观全文，本文主要说明了倾听的好处，故此篇文章应该属于通俗(大众)科普类文章。阅读理解 “linda, if beating yourself up were an olympic sport, youd win a gold medal!”annabel, my close friend, stunned me with that frank observation after i told her how i had mishandled a situation with a student in a third-grade class where i was substituting.（代课） “i should never have let him go to the boys room without a pass! it was my fault he got into trouble with the hall monitor! im so stupid!” my friend burst out laughing, and then made her “olympic” comment. after a brief period of reflection（沉思） i had to admit that she was right. i did put myself down an awful lot. why, just during the previous day i had called myself “a slob” for having some papers spread out on my desk, “ugly” when i left the house without makeup and “an idiot” when i left the house for an emergency substitute job without my emergency lesson plan. in a more reflective tone, annabel said, “i once took a workshop at church where the woman in charge had us list all the things we say about ourselves.” “how many did you have on your list?” i asked. “fifteen,” she confessed. “but then the teacher said, now turn to the person next to you and say all the items on your list as if you were speaking to that person! ”my jaw dropped. “what did you do?” “nothing. nobody did. we all just sat there, until i said, i could never say these things to anyone else! ”“and our teacher replied, well, if you cant say them to anyone else, then dont ever say them to yourself! ”my friend had a point. i would never insult a child of god-and im gods child, too! god, today let me be as kind to myself as i would be to another of your children. 45. what does annabel mean by the first sentence of the passage? a. the writer is a good athlete.b. the writer scolds herself too much. c. she is encouraging the writer. d. a gold medal is not a big deal. 46. what does the writer intend to tell us through the second and third paragraphs? a. she has low self-esteem over some small things. b. she often makes serious mistakes in daily life. c. she is a third-grade teacher. d. she cares too much about her appearance. 47. we can infer that the underlined word “slob” might be _. a. something untidyb. someone dangerous c. something dirty d. someone lazy 48. what does the writer mean by the last sentence of the passage? a. she is ready to turn to god for help. b. she will be kind to all children. c. she wont insult herself as well as others. d. she is willing to be a child of god. 参考答案4548 badc c82013辽宁卷 chere is an astonishing and significant fact: mental work alone cant make us tired.it sounds absurd.but a few years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue(疲劳)to the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! if we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products.but if we took blood from the brain of an albert einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.so far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning.the brain is totally tireless.so what makes us tired?some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情感的) attitudes.one of englands most outstanding scientists, ja. hadfield, says, “the greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin.in fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.” dr.brill, a famous american scientist, goes even further.he declares, “one hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”what kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? joy? satisfaction? no! a feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciatedthose are the emotions that tire sitting workers.hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue.we get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.64what surprised the scientists a few years ago?afatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborers blood.balbert einstein didnt feel worn out after a days work.cthe brain could work for many hours without fatigue.da mental workers blood was filled with fatigue toxins.65according to the author, which of the following can make sitting workers tired?achallenging mental work.bunpleasant emotions.cendless tasks.dphysical labor.66whats the authors attitude towards the scientists ideas?ahe agrees with them.bhe doubts them.che argues against them.dhe hesitates to accept them.67we can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic, sitting workers need to _ahave some good foodbenjoy their workcexercise regularlyddiscover fatigue toxins【要点综述】 本文是议论文，主要讲科学家们发现大脑本身能不知疲倦地工作许多小时，导致我们疲劳的不是脑力工作本身，而是一种令人不愉快的情感，所以我们在工作中应该保持愉快的心情。64c细节理解题。根据第一段中“but a few years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue.”可知大脑能不知疲倦地持续工作许多小时。65b细节推断题。根据最后一段中“no! a feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety”说明是一种令人不愉快的情绪导致疲劳。66a推理判断题。根据第一段中“here is an astonishing and significant fact”和最后一段最后两句的描述可知，作者完全赞同科学家的看法。67b推理判断题。既然“一种令人不愉快的情绪会导致疲劳”，那么为了保持活力，sitting workers要享受他们的工作。阅读理解with alarming regularity, we read about oil tankers having accidents near land and the terrible consequences of the oil spills （泄露） on people, nature, and the environmentmillions of dollars have been used in developing special chemicals to help dismiss the spills and to clean up the animals, beaches, and land spoiled by the oilunfortunately, when many of these chemicals are used, more damage is caused to the environment, especially to lives in the seaof all of todays environmental disasters, an oil spill may actually be one of the least seriousalthough oil is poisonous, it is a natural materialin the end, it breaks down naturallythere are, of course, long-term effects, but it is usually more serious in the short termnature by itself works better than chemical materials, but when there is a spill we demand that governments act immediately with as much hi-tech knowledge as possiblein 1967 the tanker torrey canyon sank off the scilly isles near the coast of england and spilled 120,000 tons of oil into the oceanif you go there today, you will find it hard to see any sign that it ever happenedgovernments seem