目 录
摘要
前言····································································································································（1）
第一章 塑料制件的设计···································································································（3）
1.1 塑件材料的性能··································································································（3）
1.2 塑件的体积与重量······························································································（5）
1.3 塑件工艺分析及结构设计··················································································（6）
第二章 总体设计方案的确定··························································································（8）
2.1 分型面的选择·······································································································（8）
2.2 排气方式的确定···································································································（8）
2.3 型腔数目和排列方式的确定···············································································（9）
2.4 注塑机的选择·······································································································（9）
第三章 浇注系统的设计及计算······················································································（11）
3.1 流道设计············································································································（11）
3.2 浇口设计············································································································（11）
3.3 流动比校核········································································································（12）
第四章 成型零件设计·····································································································（13）
4.1 成型零件结构设计····························································································（13）
4.2 成型零件工作尺寸计算····················································································（13）
4.3 成型零件的力学计算························································································（18）
第五章 导向与定位机构设计·························································································（21）
5.1 导向机构的设计································································································（21）
5.2 定位机构设计····································································································（22）
第六章 脱模机构设计···································································································（23）
6.1 脱模力的计算····································································································（23）
6.2 推出机构形式的确定························································································（24）
6.3 推出零件尺寸的确定························································································（24）
第七章 侧向分型与抽芯机构设计···············································································（28）
7.1 侧向分型和抽芯机构的类型············································································（29）
7.2 抽拔距的确定····································································································（30）
7.3 抽拔力的计算····································································································（32）
7.4 斜导柱的设计····································································································（32）
7.5 滑块与导滑槽设计····························································································（33）
7.6 楔紧块的设计····································································································（33）
第八章 温度调节系统的设计·························································································（33）
8.1 求塑件在固化时每小时释放的热量Q····························································（33）
8.2 求冷却水的体积流量························································································（34）
第九章 标准模架的选用··································································································（35）
第十章 注塑机参数校核··································································································（35）
10.1 最大注塑量校核······························································································（35）
10.2 锁模力校核······································································································（36）
10.3 模具与注塑机安装部分相关尺寸校核··························································（36）
10.4 开模行程校核··································································································（37）
第十一章 模具装配与试模······························································································（38）
11.1 模具的装配·······································································································（38）
11.2 模具的安装·······································································································（39）
11.3 试模···················································································································（39）
毕业设计总结····················································································································（40）
后记···································································································································（41）
参考文献···························································································································（42）
前 言
在讨论注塑模设计之前，先要对国内外的塑料模具工业的状况、塑料模具工业的发展方向有一个较清晰的了解，这也就使我们对本课题的意义有所了解。首先要对模具有一个整体的认识。模具是机械、汽车、电子、通讯、家电等工业产品的基础工艺装备之一。作为工业基础，模具的质量、精度、寿命对其他工业的发展起着十分重要的作用，在国际上被称为“工业之母”，对国民经济发展起着不容质疑的作用。
模具工业是制造业中的一项基础产业，是技术成果转化的基础，同时本身又是高新技术产业的重要领域，在欧美等工业发达国家被称为“点铁成金”的“磁力工业” ；美国工业界认为“模具工业是美国工业的基石”;德国则认为是所有工业中的“关键工业” ;日本模具协会也认为“模具是促进社会繁荣富裕的动力” ，同时也是“整个工业发展的秘密”，是“进入富裕社会的原动力” 。日本模具产业年产值达到13000亿日元，远远超过日本机床总产值9000亿日元。如今，世界模具工业的发展甚至己超过了新兴的电子工业。在模具工业的总产值中，冲压模具约占50%，塑料模具约占33%，压铸模具约占6%，其它各类模具约占11%[1]。
塑料模具工业是随塑料工业的发展而发展的。塑料工业是一门新兴工业。自塑料问世后的几十年以来，由于其原料丰富、制作方便和成本低廉，塑料工业发展很快，它在某些方面己取代了多种有色金属、黑色金属、水泥、橡胶、皮革、陶瓷、木材和玻璃等，成为各个工业部门不可缺少的材料[2]。
目前在国民经济的各个部门中都广泛地使用着各式各样的塑料制品。特别是在办公设备、照相机、汽车、仪器仪表、机械制造、交通、电信、轻工、建筑业产品、日用品以及家用电器行业中的电视机、收录机、洗衣机、电冰箱和手表的壳体等零件，都已经向塑料化方向发展。近几年来由于工程塑料制件的强度和精度等得到很大的提高，因而各种工程塑料零件的使用范围正在不断扩大，预计今后随着微型电子计算机的普及和汽车的微型化，塑料制件的使用范围将会越来越大，塑料工业的生产量也将迅速增长，塑料的应用将覆盖国民经济所有部门，尤其在国防和尖端科学技术领域中占有越来越重要的地位。目前，世界的塑料产量已超过有色金属产量的总和[3]。
塑料模具就是利用特定形状去成型具有一定形状和尺寸的塑料制品的工艺基础装备。用塑料模具生产的主要优点是制造简便、材料利用高、生产率高、产品的尺寸规格一致，特别是对大批量生产的机电产品，更能获得价廉物美的经济效果。塑料模具的现代设计与制造和现代塑料工业的发展有极密切的关系。随着塑料工业的飞速发展，塑料模具工业也随之迅速发展。
在我国，随着国民经济的高速发展，模具工业的发展也十分迅速。1999年中国大陆制造工业对模具的总市场需求量约为330亿元，今后几年仍将以每年10%以上的速度增长。对于大型、精密、复杂、长寿命模具需求的增长将远超过每年10%的增幅。汽车、摩托车行业的模具需求将占国内模具市场的一半左右。1999年，国内汽车年产量为183万辆，保有量为1500万辆，预计到2005年汽车年产量将达600万辆。仅汽车行业就将需要各种塑料件36万吨，而目前的生产能力仅为20多万吨，因此发展空间十分广阔。家用电器，如彩电、冰箱、洗衣机、空调等，在国内的市场很大。目前，我国的彩电的年产量己超过3200万台，电冰箱、洗衣机和空调的年产量均超过了100万台。家用电器行业的飞速发展使之对模具的需求量极大。到2010年，在建筑与建材行业方面，塑料门窗的普及率为30%，塑料管的普及率将达到50%，这些都会大大增加对模具的需求量。其它发展较快的行业，如电子、通讯和建筑材料等行业对模具的需求，都将对中国模具工业和技术的发展产生巨大的推动作用。
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