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收音机中框零件注射模设计【13张CAD图纸+WORD毕业论文】【注塑模具类】

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关键词：: 收音机零件注射设计 cad 图纸 word 毕业论文注塑模具

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摘要

本次设计主要讲述收音机中框零件塑件进行模具设计的毕业设计。论文综述了国内模具设计的研究进展及研究现状、分析课题的研究背景、阐述课题研究的意义和内容。

首先分析塑件工艺结构，了解塑件的技术要求，测量塑件尺寸，绘制塑件图，选用ABS材料，设计出一套一模一腔的塑料模具。同时，详细叙述了设计过程如何分析塑件制品的结构、性能，确定成型方案，成型部分的设计，导向机构、浇注系统、顶出机构、排气、冷却系统等，接着分析了如何选择模具钢种、模具标准件。

本套模具设计结合了机械制图，CAD，公差配合，模具设计，机械制造技术模具工艺学，UG等专业课程的知识，讲述了塑料模具结构设计的步骤，详细介绍了一套塑料模具设计的全部过程。

关键词：型腔；型芯；模具设计

Design of injection mold frame radio parts

Abstract

This instruction booklet main narration the radio frame models the graduation project which carries on the mold to design.The paper summarizes the analysis of the status quo, and research progress of study on the hydraulic technology at home and abroad and the significance of research background, describes the research topics.

First analyzes models the craft structure, understood models the specification, the survey models a size, the plan models a chart, selects the ABS material, designs set of the one plastic mold with one mold holes. At the same time, how in detail narrated the design process to analyze models a product the structure, the performance, determined took shape the plan, took shape the partial designs, the guidance organization, pours the system, goes against the organization, the exhaust, the cooling system and so on, how then analyzed has chosen the mold aluminum, the mold standard.

This set molding tool design combined the machine graphics, CAD, the business trip match, molding tool design, machine manufacturing the technique molding tool craft learn, the UG waits professional lesson, relating the plastics molding tool structure a design of step, detailedintroduced a set of plastics molding tool to design of all processes.

Key Words: Cavity core；mold；design

1绪论1

1.1模具介绍1

1.2模具在加工工业中的地位1

1.3模具的发展趋势1

1.4设计在学习模具专业中的作用2

2该塑件材料分析和工艺性分析3

2.1材料分析3

2.2工艺分析3

3拟定的成型工艺4

3.1塑件的成型方法4

3.2塑件的成型参数4

3.3确定型腔数目4

3.3.1计算制品的体积和重量4

3.3.2确定型腔数目4

4浇注系统的设计6

4.1塑件在模具中的位置6

4.1.1型腔的布置6

4.1.2分型面的选择6

4.2确定浇口形式及位置7

4.3主流道的设计8

4.4分流道设计8

4.5冷料穴设计9

5成型零部件的设计10

5.1成型零部件的结构设计10

5.2成型零部件工作尺寸计算11

5.3成型零部件的强度与刚度计算12

6结构零部件的设计14

6.1选用注射机及模架14

6.1.1初选注射机14

6.2.2选标准模架15

6.2定模板与动模板的设计16

6.3合模导向机构的设计16

7推出机构的设计18

7.1推件力的计算18

7.2确定顶出方式及推杆位置18

8侧向分型与抽芯机构设计20

8.1外侧抽芯机构设计20

8.1.1计算斜导柱倾斜角21

8.1.2计算斜导柱直径D21

8.2.3计算斜导柱长度21

8.2内侧抽芯机构设计21

8.2.1计算斜导柱倾斜角21

8.2.2计算斜导柱直径22

8.3.3计算斜导柱长度22

9温度调节系统设计23

10排气系统设计24

10.1排气不良的危害性24

10.2排气方法24

10.3排气槽结构24

11产品及模具的三维造型25

12注塑机参数校核29

12.1最大注射量、锁模力、注射压力、模具厚度的校核29

12.2开模行程的校核29

12.3模具与注射机安装相关部分尺寸校核29

13绘制图纸并编写技术文件30

13.1绘制各非标准零件图纸30

13.2编写加工工艺和装配技术31

13.2.2装配要求32

13.2.3综合要求32

设计总结34

致谢35

参考文献36

毕业设计（论文）知识产权声明37

毕业设计（论文）独创性声明38

1 绪论

1.1模具介绍

模具的作用是控制和限制材料（固态或液态）的流动，使之形成所需要的形体。用模具制造零件以其效率高，产品质量好，材料消耗低，生产成本低而广泛应用于制造业中。模具主要类型有：冲模、锻摸、塑料模、压铸模、粉末冶金模、玻璃模、橡胶模、陶瓷模等。除部分冲模以外的上述各种模具都属于腔型模，因为它们一般都是依靠三维的模具型腔是材料成型。其中塑料模约占模具总数的35％，分额最大而且有继续上升的趋势。塑料模主要包括压塑模，挤塑模，注射模，此外还有挤出成型模，泡沫塑料的发泡成型模，低发泡注射成型模，吹塑模等。

1.2模具在加工工业中的地位

模具是工业生产中的重要工艺装备，模具工业是国民经济各部门发展的重要基础之一，是国际上公认的关键工业。模具生产技术水平的高低是衡量一个国家产品制造水平高低的重要标志。它在很大程度上决定着产品的质量，效益和新产品的开发能力。模具工业既是高新技术产业的一个组成部分，又是高新技术产业化的重要领域。模具在机械，电子，轻工，汽车，纺织，航空，航天等工业领域里，日益成为使用最广泛的主要工艺装备，它承担了这些工业领域中60％~90％的产品的零件，组件和部件的生产加工。振兴和发展我国的模具工业，正日益受到人们的关注。

1.3模具的发展趋势

20世纪80年代开始，发达工业国家的模具工业已从机床工业中分离出来，并发展成为独立的工业部门，其产值已超过机床工业的产值。改革开放以来，我国的模具工业发展也十分迅速。近年来，每年都以15％的增长速度快速发展。许多模具企业十分重视技术发展。加大了用于技术进步的投入力度，将技术进步作为企业发展的重要动力。此外，许多科研机构和大专院校也开展了模具技术的研究与开发。模具行业的快速发展是使我国成为世界超级制造大国的重要原因。今后，我国要发展成为世界制造强国，仍将依赖于模具工业的快速发展，成为模具制造强国。

尽管我国模具工业有了长足的进步，部分模具已达到国际先进水平，但无论

是数量还是质量仍满足不了国内市场的需要，每年仍需进口10多亿美元的各类大型，精密，复杂模具。与发达国家的模具工业相比，在模具技术上仍有不小的差距。今后，我国模具行业应在以下几方面进行不断的技术创新，以缩小与国际先进水平的距离。

（1）注重开发大型，精密，复杂模具；随着我国轿车，家电等工业的快速发展，成型零件的大型化和精密化要求越来越高，模具也将日趋大型化和精密化。

（2）加强模具标准件的应用；使用模具标准件不但能缩短模具制造周期，降低模具制造成本而且能提高模具的制造质量。因此，模具标准件的应用必将日渐广泛。

（3）推广CAD/CAM/CAE技术；模具CAD/CAM/CAE技术是模具技术发展的一个重要里程碑。实践证明，模具CAD/CAM/CAE技术是模具设计制造的发展方向，可显著地提高模具设计制造水平。

（4）重视快速模具制造技术，缩短模具制造周期；随着先进制造技术的不断出现，模具的制造水平也在不断地提高，基于快速成形的快速制模技术，高速铣削加工技术，以及自动研磨抛光技术将在模具制造中获得更为广泛的应用。

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内容简介：: Journal of Materials Processing Technology 175 (2006) 1519An example of simulation tools use for large injection moulds design:The CONTENURTM2400l solid waste containerJ. Aisaa, C. Javierrea, J.A. De la SernabaT.I.I.P., C.S.I.C. Associated Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, SpainbCONTENUR ESPANA, S.L., Pol gono Industrial Los Angeles, Getafe, Madrid, SpainAbstractLarge containers with volumes above 1100l are usually produced using procedures such as rotomoulding process. These techniques haveno part weight or dimensional limits. T.I.I.P., injection moulding plastic group of the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the ZaragozaUniversity, developed with CONTENURTMa new product under European norms for solid waste containers up to 2000l volume; the resultwas a new main body up to 60kg weight in one part. The design process combined several CAE tools (aesthetical design, mechanical designand rheological simulation) and, in last June, showed final result and passed different tests. Nowadays, more than 5000 samples are on thestreets without basic modifications in the mould (more than 100tonnes weight). The paper focuses on the methodology used to integrate tooland process design with product definition (i.e. injection pressure and clamp force versus thickness and part shape). Some parameters aboutprocess control in this particular mould (injection rate, temperature, viscosity, gate location, .) are detailed. 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: CAE design; Container; Injection moulding1. IntroductionCAE tools have constituted an authentic revolution in thelast years within injection of thermoplastics. The sequentialprocess until the final solution (including several setups suchas development, test of prototypes, modification of figures,new test, .) has been replaced by a faster one consistingof a procedure with the designer, transformer and final clientworking together on the same computer files (“concurrentengineering”). Therefore, the timing for mould manufac-ture and completion has been reduced enormously; however,some interesting advices about CAE use are described in 1.The Workshop of Injection of the Plastics Industry of theUniversity of Zaragoza (T.I.I.P.), C.S.I.C. Associated Unit,has been working with CAE tools on injection of thermo-plasticsformorethan15years,withenormousadvantageforhundreds of projects made in different sectors (automotive,household-electric, packaging, toys, etc.). T.I.I.P. activitiesCorresponding author.E-mail address: tiipunizar.es (J. Aisa).URL: .included several research projects (rheological characteriza-tion,semiautomaticmoulddesign,.)workingtogetherwithdifferent European companies.Nevertheless, this group has always been conscious ofthe necessity to arrange simulation with procedure of man-ufacture next to the machine, of such a form that has beencollaborated and directed by the constitution of the ResearchAssociationoftheWorkshopofInjectionofthePlasticIndus-try (a.i.T.I.I.P.) foundation, which provides services to theinjection companies without a profit spirit (Fig. 1). Thistechnological center has been supported by various nationalorganizations such as the Aragons Government and Span-ish Department of Industry through different programs andresearch lines (new processes like gas-assisted techniques orcascadeinjectionmoulding,newdesigns,process-measuringtechniques using pressure and temperature devices .).2. The CONTENUR ProjectWhen, in 1999, the first Spanish company involved inthe manufacture of containers for the collection of urban0924-0136/$ see front matter 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.04.00616J. Aisa et al. / Journal of Materials Processing Technology 175 (2006) 1519Fig. 1. a.i.T.I.I.P. injection moulding area, general view.solid remainders (CONTENUR SPAIN, S.L.) went to theT.I.I.P.a.i.T.I.I.P. Group to work jointly on the design ofpieces of great size in injection, then arrived the moment fortesting the real possibilities of these programs in this field.Themainobjectiveoftheprojectwasthefastmanufactureof containers of great capacity (2400l and more) to competewith market products with welded metallic plate solutions orplastic ones made by rotational moulding with the inclusionof expensive reinforcement structures. Obviously, betweenall the pieces that constituted the set, the main challenge wasthe manufacture of a single part bucket.The literature shows several part and mould design exam-ples and failure advices 2,3, but it is not possible to findbig plastic parts up to 40kg weight and a mistake in thismouldsizewillhavenoeasysolution(tooltransporttomouldmakers manufacturing plant will be too expensive, and trialand error method is not available).For the design of this element, the following aspects hadto be considered: basic dimensions agreed with the European Norm EN12574 4; unloading resistance (discharge sides) (Fig. 2); high impact resistance for functional conditions and loca-tion (parking areas, for example); easily cleaning surfaces; friendly aspect, aesthetical design; minimum cost (not only for processing and assembly butalso for on-street maintenance); restriction of the clamping force imposed by the installedpressmachine(bigspecialmachineswithlimitedclampingrange between 5000 and 10,000tonnes); prepared for labelling, that is to say, with visible free andflat spaces; material restrictions: same materials used for other CON-TENUR designs.Special mention requires two limitations: minimum costand maximum clamping force under mentioned limits. For aminimum cost, thickness is fundamental (by the cost of rawmaterial), inasmuch as the time of manufacture; therefore,Fig. 2. Boundary conditions for unloading operation, nonlinear materialmodel, finite element model.the cost of the machine derived approximately depends onthe square of the thickness 5.On the other hand, to reduce the closing force, the pro-jected area of the piece and the distribution of pressures arestrongly related with part thickness (narrow sections causeda high injection pressure, which could as well suppose a highforce of closing).The methodology applied, developed by Castany et al.,not only for injection moulding but also for other similartechniques 68, is as given below:(a) Determination of the feasibility of the product: clampingforce evaluation and thickness part on an agreed basicgeometry to adjust dimensions with the European norm.Only general design lines, and not functional details,were included in this step. Some basic results are shownin Table 1. These analyses were made with basic param-eters for generic material family, high-density polyethy-lene (Table 2). For advanced steps, calculations weremade using several temperature conditions.(b) Materialselection,combiningmeltflowindex(MFI)andmechanicalbehaviour,andinjectionpointlocationsweresimulated, without even knowing the final geometry ofthecomponent.Bestresultswerefoundforseveralinjec-tion points arranged around the bottom area in the mainTable 1Results for simple plastic model, first analysis using simulation toolsMain body thickness(mm)/weight (kg)Maximum injectionpressure (MPa)Required clampingforce (kN)6/5296166,0007/6071122,0008/685594,0009/764474,00010/843559,000J. Aisa et al. / Journal of Materials Processing Technology 175 (2006) 151917Table 2Computing parameters for basic simulationsMelt temperature (C)240Injection time at constant ram speedIn seconds20In percent50Mould temperature (C)40Fig. 3. Basic line, Pro-Engineer software, before final moulding arrange-ments.body of the container. This criteria was also imposed bymould structure and part shape.(c) Analysis of the body form and thickness of the partcomparing constructive alternatives: its sidewall shapes,metallic elements of reinforcement and, if necessary,inclusion of the tubes injected with gas-assisted tech-niques to increase inertia of the sections, etc., were con-sidered.(d) Obviously,moulddimensionsandthepresenceofunder-cuts supposed a problem added for the design of pieceand mould. In this way, semicircular shape of the borderTable 3Basic dimensions for 2400l main body (mm)Height1600Width1480Length1600of the upper container was a hard design problem; it wasrequiredforfunctionalusebutsupposedanundercutareainvolving slides in the mould.(e) Part volume was adapted and different aesthetic formsappearedfeasible conjunction of the possible thick-ness by manufacture with the thickness and forms bymechanical resistance. In this step, finite analysis, solid3D design and filling simulation were made simultane-ously(Figs.3and4).Thefinalpartdimensionsareshownin Table 3.Withthesebasicmagnitudescalculatedinthesefoursteps,the design team had an initial point for the final drawing ofgeometry and the inclusion of the elements of details likesettling down of output angles, radios, position of acces-soriesoftheset(cork,skid,etc.).Industrialflowanalysiswasset in definitive way, fixing optimum positions for manifoldworking together with the mould maker, Kyowa IndustrialCompany with mould plants in the USA, Japan and Mexico.The main aspects of the process and their simulations(other details cannot be presented in order to protect indus-trial know-how) are:1. Model of the figure with geometries type 2.5D.2. Location of the entry points to the cavity. The use of racetracks for a better control of the filling was considered,following rheological design rule for simultaneous end offilling at the end of the cavity (avoiding over-pack effect),especially considering the border shape with semicircularareas.3. Optimal conditions of process: the selection of temper-ature and its relation with thickness and cycle stronglyconditioned the permissible values for the design. Valuesbetween 210 and 250C were evaluated.Fig. 4. Software C-Mold: plastic temperature at ejection and cooling lines layout.18J. Aisa et al. / Journal of Materials Processing Technology 175 (2006) 1519Fig. 5. Real container model used for testing industrial conditions in 2400lmould.4. The adjustment of the filling form by means of the cor-rectprogrammingofspeedsbecameessential.Atconstantspeed profile, the increase of pressure-supposed values ofinadmissible force of closing by the limitation imposedto the dimensions of the machine. In the final arrange-ment for container mould, several ram speed stages wererecommended.This procedure was experimentally validated with realtests using already existing smaller dimension container(Fig. 5).TypicalramspeedprofilecalculatedwithCAEtechniquesis shown in Fig. 6, but this “function” cannot be trans-latedtotheinjectionmachinewithoutpracticalarrangements,because hydraulic systems are not able to follow all thosegradients exactly. Anyway, around 15% less clamping forcecould be achieved after this optimisation procedure.5. After the filling possibilities were fixed, this was verifiedwith a new numerical model by the mould maker fromthe initial ideas sent by the design equipment and withthe final hot runner system data necessary for the mould.Fig. 6. Theoretical ram speed profile from computer results.Fig. 7. Real sample in CONTENUR assembly plant.The sequential technology was considered as a possibil-ity with the purpose of reducing filling pressure, but thepracticalarrangement,themaintenanceandpossibleshut-downs underestimated their use.6. Finally,theanalysesofcoolingofthemould,packingandwarpage induced by the process were developed. In thisway, different constructive materials were used accordingtotheirthermalconductivity,adjustingcoolinglayoutpro-vided by Kyowa Industrial Company. Final mould weightwas higher than 150,000kg (up to 150metrictonnes).Actually, more than 6000 pieces were made withoutdetecting any problem in the injection, expulsion or the lifeof the component in good condition (Figs. 7 and 8), and pro-cessing rates are similar with other existing 1000l containers(2025 parts per hour). Other components were simultane-ously designed and, in fact, it was more complicated to getFig. 8. Complete 2400l waste container, including all components.J. Aisa et al. / Journal of Materials Processing Technology 175 (2006) 151919fine results, for example, in container lids, obviously smallerthan the body.Fortheauthors,thefinalconclusionisthatCAEtoolswerebasic in design process, and also compared with knowledgeand real test using similar moulds.AcknowledgementsThe authors want to extend their gratitude to T.I.I.P.a.i.T.I.I.P. Group and CONTENUR Technical Staff, for theirsupport and facilities to reach this final goal and very specialthanks to Dr. Castany for all their “know-how” on plasticinjection moulding process and design, exposed in manytraining courses and seminars around the world.References1 C. Austin, Lean moulding: faster=cheaper=better, in: J.F. Stevenson(Ed.), Innovation in Polymer Processing Moulding, Hanser, 1996.2 H. Gastrow, Injection Moulds: 102 Proven Designs, Hanser, 1983.3 M. Ezrin, Plastics Failure Guide: Cause and Prevention, Hanser, 1996.4 European Norm EN 12574: stationary waste containers: containerswith a capacity from 1700l to 5000l, CEN/TC 183/WG1, 2000.5 G. Menges, P. Mohren, How to Make Injection Moulds, Hanser, 1996.6 J. Fuentelsaz, Metodolog a para el dise no de componentes de pl asticoinyectados, Doctoral Thesis, University of Zaragoza, Spain, June,1993.7 F.J. Castany, F. Serraller, I. Claver a, C. Javierre, Methodology in gasassisted moulding of plastics, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 143144(2003) 214218.8 F.J. Castany, J. Fuentelsaz, F. Serraller, J. Llad o, F. Mart nez, Sim-ulaci on aplicada al dise no y producci on de componentes inyectados,Pl asticos Universales, 35, n um. 11, September, 1991. 大型注塑模具设计仿真工具：2400升固体废弃物集装箱摘要大型容器产品通常使用诸如滚塑的程序，这些技术没有零件重量或尺寸限制。TIIP，萨拉戈萨大学注塑成型的机械工程，在欧洲标准下研发的CONTENURTM固体废物的新容器高达2000升，其结果是一个新的主体达60公斤重。设计过程中结合了数项CAE工具（美学设计，机械设计及流变模拟），并在去年6月，显示了最终结果，通过了不同的测试。如今，在市场上有超过5000个成品在模具生产过程中没有做过基本的修改（超过100吨的重量）。本文重点论述集成工具和流程的设计与产品定义（即注射压力，冲击厚度和形状的一部分力量）的方法。在这个过程中，特别是模具控制一些参数（注射速度，温度，粘度，浇口位置.）的细节。关键词：CAE设计；容器；注塑成型1.引言过去的几年，CAE工具在注射热塑性弹性体成型行业，构建了一个真实的革命。一个开始直到最终的解决方案（包括几个过程如开发、测试的原型,修改数据,新的测试,）的过程已经被一个更快的设计、翻译过程和最终的客户在同一个电脑文件下一起工作（“并行工程”）的过程取代。因此,对模具制造和完成时间减少极大,同时,引入了一些关于使用CAE的建议。萨拉戈萨工业大学注射塑料(T.I.I.P)车间,C.S.I.C相关单位,在注射热塑性弹性体成型中，使用CAE工具已经超过了15个年头，同时在不同行业（机动车、家电、包装、玩具等）的上百个项目中积累了很多的经验。T.I.I.P.的工作也包含着和欧洲不同的公司一起调研的项目（聚合物流变性、半自动磨具设计等）。同时，这个组织一直意识到安排仿真技术制造的重要性，这种形式已经合作并且由塑料工业基金会注射成型部研究会体质指导。这个组织给注射成型企业提供了各项服务，并且从中没有任何盈利（如图1）。许多国家的工业组织通过不同的程序和研究方向对这个中心进行了支持（新的工艺比如气辅技术或喷流注射成型；新的设计比如使用压力和温度的设备的过程测量技术）。图1 T.I.I.P注塑成型区域概貌 2.容器工程 1999年，第一个参与城市固体剩余物收集容器制造的西班牙公司（Contenur SPAIN，SL）去T.IIP-aiTIIP集团共同进行大尺寸的注塑件的设计工作，随后测试了这些方案在这一领域应用的实际可能性。该项目的主要目标是快速制造大容量（2400 L和更多）的容器，与市场产品中加入了昂贵的加固结构旋转成型的焊接金属板或塑料制品产生竞争。显然，构成容器的所有部件中，主要的困难是单一模腔部分的制造。这个文献提供了几个零件和模具设计的例子和失败的建议2,3，但是不太可能找到40kg重的大的塑料部件，而且，这个模具尺寸上的一个错误没有简单的解决方案（运输到模具工具制造商的制造工厂将会太昂贵，试验和误差的方法也是不提供）。对于这个部件的设计，必须考虑到以下几个方面：与欧洲标准EN125744要求的基本尺寸一致；卸载电阻（排出侧）如（图2）；在功能条件和位置区具有高的耐冲击性；表面容易清洗；美学设计；最低的成本（不仅是加工和装配，还包括维护）；安装的冲压机施加的锁模力限制（大型机器锁模力的限制范围在5000吨和10000吨之间）；准备标记，也就是说，有自由的和平坦的空间;；材料的限制：采用其他CONTENUR设计的相同材料。图 2. 装卸作业的边界条件，材料非线性模型，有限元模型。特别注意的两个限制：范围内的最低成本和最大锁模力。对于最低成本，厚度是关键（原料的成本），在制造时确定；因此，派生机器的成本大约为厚度5的平方。另一方面，为了降低其合模力，部件的投影面积和分布的压力与一部分厚度也有很大的关系（狭窄区域产生较高的注射压力，可能也会产生大合模力）。由Castany等研发的方法，不仅用于注射成型，也适用于其它类似的技术6-8，如下：（a）测定产品的可行性：锁模力和厚度在欧洲标准允许的基本几何条件下调整尺寸。在这一步只是一般的线条设计，而不做功能细节。一些基本的结果如下表1所示。这些分析通过遗传物质的基

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