户外长跑曾经是大众最喜闻乐见的运动形式，沿着林荫道呼吸着早晨清新的空气，听着枝头的鸟鸣，既能愉悦身心，又可锻炼体魄。只是随着都市的大气变得污浊，生活节奏变得紧张，户外长跑变得不那么流行了，而跑步机则成了时下健身最热门的健身器械。跑步机不仅可以让我们免受汽车尾气之苦，也使我们可以选择自己方便的时间随时锻炼。

电动跑步机，又名电动跑台，是多年来国际流行的大众健身器材，通过电机带动跑带使人以不同的速度被动地跑步或走动。由于电动跑步机上的电子辅助装备功能非常多，锻炼者可体验不同的跑步环境，如平地跑、上坡跑、丘陵跑、变速跑等，个人可以根据自己的锻炼目的进行锻炼。跑步机在健身者运动时能显示出跑步时的速度、时间、心率、热量、节拍、距离等指标，使健身者能够随时根据自身的身体状况调节训练强度。

跑步机双面宽厚的跑带带给您草地般舒适感觉，马力强劲的电机带给您澎湃恒久的动力，灵敏的控制器配合芯片使您在跑步过程中随心所欲，坚固的钢架以及防爆冲装置使您的安全尽在掌握。电动跑步机使您在繁忙的工作之余仍然可以尽享运动的乐趣......

第一章. 总体方案设计

1.1基本功能

跑步机的基本功能就是构建一条运动的跑道（跑步带），跑道的运动方向与运动者的跑动方向相反，但速度必须自动保持一致，这样就使得运动者能够在原地进行跑步锻炼了。实现跑步机的功能，对跑步带的驱动与速度控制：通常使用直流电动机驱动，直流电动机通过半导体功率器件，使用脉冲宽度控制（PWM）方式实现调速。

1.2 构造设计

多功能电动跑步机主要由机架、电动机、可调电源、跑步皮带及仪表控制盘组成，其特征在于框架与支架垂直连接，前轴与后轴分别装在框架的两端，前滚筒与后滚筒分别用轴承套装在前后轴上，跑步皮带张紧绕装在前后滚筒上，跑步皮带下装有支撑跑步板，从动皮带轮紧装在前滚筒的一端，电动机、可调电源,安装在框架的前端，控制传感器装在电动机上，速度传感器安装在紧靠在从动皮带轮的框架上，皮带调节螺栓一端连接在电动机外壳的孔板上，另一端连接在焊接于框架前端的孔板上，跑步机扶手架安装于支架的顶端，仪表控制盘安装于扶手架上。传动方式采用带传动机构，传动级为一级。同时在支架上安有扭腰盘和伏地挺身架使机器实现其多功能性。

1.3 功能原理的确定

目前市场上比较常见的有传统跑步机和电动跑步机两种。传统跑步机，俗称“被动式跑步机”。是我国上世纪80年代从国外引进健身观念时它的动力来源是使用者通过自身臂部、膝部、踝关节的活动，推动跑步机而产生的运动。速度由运动者自己控制。这种运动方式，表面上看起来似乎能消耗更多的能量，但其造成的运动伤害也要比在大自然中跑步高出数倍。
　　据北医三院运动医学专家林共周博士解释：在马路上跑步，每跑1000米，每只脚就得撞击地面约1000次左右。而在传统跑步机上跑步，人体除自身重量产生的震荡外，脚踝、膝部和臀部的肌肉，特别是肌腱，还要额外承担向后的扭力来确保跑带向后运动。由于扭力过度集中在韧带、关节等几个关键受力部位，更容易使受力部位肌腱组织产生慢性疲劳，造成损伤。很多传统跑步机使用者，发现自己越是认真锻炼，腿部就越跑越粗，关节也越练越没有力气。
　　传统跑步机并不适合患有脊椎软骨突出、膝关节炎、踝关节扭伤、骨肌腱炎、以及足底筋膜炎的人，因为长期的跑步可能会加重慢性扭伤的情形或加速膝关节的老化。

电动跑步机是健身房及家庭较高档的器材，这种跑步机能减轻传统训练对关节的冲击，避免运动受伤，比自然跑步有明显的优势。跑步时后脚跟先着地，顺着跑带方向运动。手脚模仿跑步的动作，前后挥动，从而使全身肌肉得到均衡的锻炼。由于跑带的运动方向与脚步移动的方向一致，韧带部位的扭力就抵消了，跑起来非常舒适。康复者、儿童、老年人也可以保持身体平衡，从而集中精力安心锻炼。如果增加运动量，可以加快舞动手脚的速度。用电动跑步机能消除关节的负载，不但能减肥健身，还有益于受伤后身体的恢复。

它通过电机带动跑带使人以不同的速度被动地跑步或走动。由于被动地形成跑和走，从动作外形上看，几乎与普通在地面上跑或走一样，但从人体用力上看，在电动跑步机上跑、走比普通跑、走省去了一个蹬伸动作。正是这一点使每一个在电动跑步机上走跑的人感到十分轻松自如，可使人比普通跑步多跑1／3左右的路程，能量消耗也比普通走、跑为多。另外，由于电动跑步机上的电子辅助装备功能非常多，可体验不同的跑步环境。：

电动跑步机就是构造一条运动的跑带，使运动者在原地进行跑步锻炼。

第二章. 电动机类型与参数的选择

2.1 类型功率选择

当人在跑步机上跑步或走路时，跑步机所承载的重量是人体重的0.8~2.5倍，而马力就是在这样的载重量下，还能满足并维持所选择的速度，让人可以在跑步机上走跑自如的驱动力。通常跑步机一个马力大概可提供50~60公斤的承载重量，但跑步带面积大小也和跑步机马力有相当直接的关系，跑步机的马力越大，可以带动的跑步带面积也越大，所以衡量效率及安全性后，一般建议，家用跑步机合宜的持续(continuous)马力应该至少1.5马力以上，如果家人的体重有超过80公斤，则应选2.0持续(continuous)马力以上的跑步机。

此跑步机设计标准为100公斤，则电动跑步机用电动机—ZYT42（NEMA）型永磁直流电动机该型电动机系大功率跑步机中配套的专用驱动元件，经一定的电磁、结构派生处理也可适用于相应的机械装置中作为驱动元件。该电动机显著的特点：具有转速精度高，当人在跑步机上运动时，是一个冲击负载，该机在这种冲击负载作用下一转不差，保持同步转速，如同在平地上一样感觉。表现在调速方便（可无级调速），调速范围宽，低速性能（启动转矩大），运行平稳，噪音低，效率高。直流电动机PWM调速原理图如图2-1所示。

图2-1直流电动机PWM调速原理图

电动跑步机的设计4.png

电动跑步机的设计3.png

电动跑步机的设计2.png

电动跑步机的设计1.png

内容简介：: 英文资料The electronic race apparatus trade calls Chinas famous brandThe domestic electricity wins the race in the familyBefore 1996, electronic race apparatuses were all foreign products, the ones that entered the family were mostly mechanical race apparatuses that factories reformed system of by the bicycle factory made, compatriots inspire awe even from distance to the imported electronic race apparatus of the price of several ten thousand and even more than ten thousand YuanAfter 1993, with the adjustment of the international industrial structure, Skouras enterprises shifted to our country, it is the happy and auspicious group company of Shandong that utilizes the electrical machinery of this area, controls the advantage that the power produces at first, set up the special factory in 1994, through the working ability of the substantiating machine, combined domestic and international information, the happy and auspicious group all produced the electronic race apparatus of family expenses in order to make the part by oneself in 1995, and exhibit at the rich meeting of body of Nanchang of next year. Praised as gathering together the auspicious electronic race apparatus of the brand of the first nationality, the output reached 7,000 in that year, the sales volume reaches 5,000, has held the beginning of producing the domestic electronic race apparatus. Up to the production capacity of producing 100,000 per year by 2004 through the technological transformation not stopping , sell race apparatus 4 in the same year. 80,000, output value is 93,600,000 Yuan, income from sales is 72 million Yuan, finished ISO9001 and European Union CE authentication at the same time , and is chosen as leading brand products in Shandong.Gather together the auspicious electronic race apparatus in order to expand the production scale , the resources of production of rational utilization, successively for some domestic enterprises sticking brand production , improved the domestic occupation rate of the electronic race apparatus greatly, have offer for numerous enterprises and develop samples too, has driven the flourishing development of the whole trade.The electricity runs: Fashionable body-building products of the fairly comfortable lifeAt present, enterprises which produce the electronic race apparatus centre in the coastal area of the ChangJiang Delta , Shandong Peninsula , Guangdong , Fujian, the total amount is about more than 50, it is about 15 that possess scale among them, and the joint-venture , proprietorship account for 50%.The electronic race apparatus is the integrated products of electro mechanics, adopt assembler language programming, control with the computer, it is the development trade that the country encourages . The development of this product has driven making, plastic products , electronics industry of steel tube , electrical machinery industry ,etc. series develop , make people health is it limit by place , environment , climate to do exercises, contain physical training in recreation amusement, improve the national physique in an all-round way. In this production course, there are not pollutant and harmful substance that are produced , purchase the steel , plastic fittings outside, the electronic devices and components are assembled, is the green manufacture industryThe Central Party Committee which regards Hu Jintao as the General Secretary advocates building harmonious and orderly development environment in a more cost-effective manner, the development of the electronic race apparatus sticks to this theme closely, is playing an important role in driving the trade structural adjustment. Raise through the national income entering the well-off society, the electronic race apparatus begins to enter the family too in recent years, it for example cant gather together the auspicious brand race apparatus not electronic in in, sales volumes of small city chase there arent annual increment, a lot of urban and rural residents growing rich choose this superior way of building up body one after another , the race apparatus designed in large quantities of humanization is coming out, improve through electronic technology , the technology of the computer , transformation of making the equipment frock , its development space is very big, is a kind of products with sustainable development prospectThree major key elements of promoting national economy to increase healthily are consumption , investment , net export. The development of and the electronic race apparatus, occupy very great proportion among them. One that is with domestic Engel coefficient constant to reduce, by clothing food lodging and transportation to raise life quality develop people, the electronic race apparatus will be the optimum seeking apparatus of compatriots fitness , because by the look of experience of foreign countries, go on balance temper and become the fashion at electronic race apparatus. Classifying looking from national economy, it belongs to the tertiary industry that sports is consumed, it exceeds 10% in succession to accelerate in recent years, and the speed is accelerated year by year. The share of spurring growth of the national economic of consumption of sports and keeping fit will inevitability continue increasing . This kind of fitness is consumed and contained relatively widely, have both consumption of resident and public consumption (such as health club ), its consumption acceleration rate exceeds 20%, among them, the electronic race apparatus exceeds 40%, have stronger growth momentum.Intellectual property right and trade frictionThe intellectual property right becomes soft rib of the sports goods industry of our country, it is the production that because we are correlated with to market economy and with the sports products, it invent, trade etc. the knowledge one possession, belong to, know little about game the rules and laws and regulations and the information not relevant not transfer. One sports apparatus or equipment know which country invent , others had already registered unexpectedly, under the situation which contents are registered, but we have produced and sold for many years. Not merely the style , structure are the same for some products, even appearance , color are very close , the more sad one is, because to ignore above-mentioned situation, we hold oneself is it reach product this birthplace go for exhibiting , sale to produce also, we say , an invention technology or the patented product must go through long and difficult exploration and study , It has condensed the intelligence and energies of the scientific research personnel of sports, the original inventor has paid hardships of going beyond the normal condition for this, ought to receive the protection of the respect and law of the society . One of market obtain products that patent sanction is it copy to copy producer of us already in our country, there is not innovation , this not merely serious others patent for invention of infringement at all, Make the bringing the doctrine and entering into the mistaken idea in vogue for a time of sports goods industry of our country too. Do it in this way, in comparatively close planned economic system, may little someone find or investigate , but today, the gateway of a country is opened further, we must pay a price for this . In 2001, our family participated in U.S.A.s super exhibition, the sample was just a exhibition, have been detained all products, carry on negotiations several times and make a self-criticism in writing on the grounds of infringing by others, have paid the expensive fine finally; This year, at the rich meeting of German body, the exhibit of another enterprise of ours is asserted and infringed, the other side must speak to and does not forgive people , our enterprises admit a fault , ready to pay the penalty and does not miss , and humiliate this enterprise by every means in public , pass the diplomatic channel finally, the embassy negotiates, has dealt with this . Happen when this kind of case is on our countrys market , on the body of our enterprise, the normal order that has not merely disrupted the market, has infringed the interests of rights and interests people, have reduce the international reputation of made in China , has damaged the public image of reform and opening-up of our country too.After our country enters the WTO , the self-satisfied Chinese brand is trying hard to seize the opportunity, while going abroad, the western developed country has made the strategic defense in time with this, set up to of our country sports goods including technology , standard , getting green environmental protection , move plant protection , anti-dumping , intellectual property right , community responsibility dishes of dishes of barrier, close down , stop the entry of the like product with the extremely unkind clause . Meanwhile, they also used three unique skills , first, strengthened the registered dynamics to the patented technology of the products. In 2002, accounted for 5 at home in our country authorized the patent for invention. 2%, and accounts for 76 abroad. 1%; Accounts for 3 at home in the post with high technical advantage is invented. 6%, and accounts for 96 abroad. 2%.Second, the one that strengthened to the market of our country was monitored . In order to safeguard its ones own image and interests, attack the rival, the external brand is sent full-time or hire personnel, but the great majority are still the commercial networks utilizing the whole country to open, carry on Omni-directional monitoring to the market of our country. They carry on the investigation to classification of the goods , selling structure , product cost and consumer demand in the name of surveying and studying the market. A main one to investigate tort of all kinds of the like product, including product design , appearance , inside structure , enterprise identification and various kinds of datum ,etc., then assemble the picture , material object and written historical materials in the policy-making level of the company in time. On the market not normal of our country at present, all kinds of imitate, infringe the phenomenon and exist seriously, they once opportunity ripe, can hit out severely, never soft, as to this we must highly watch out for.Third, strengthen and is protected and put to the customs on record and applied working. The external brand tries hard to solve from flowing into outside the border and from exporting to the fake and forged products of the overseas market within the border through this kind of way, have domestic and international 1300 more than share is it is it involve thousands of brand to apply to put on record 2003, through to protect jointly the whole country all pass, have notable effect.Because of the absolute predominance in price of sports goods of our country, make international trade rub constantly, embody in the anti-dumping mainly. Taking sports shoes as an example, our country is the manufacture big country of sports shoes in the world, because the domestic market is limited in capacity, the majority depended on exporting, 2003, exported about 3,200 million pairs. Nike shoes the whole world sell 60% China production, beautiful Tianjin strong shoes the whole world sell 90% make for China, world shoes-making big country Spain have 14 sports shoes factory, sports shoes that China makes import more than 70 million pairs every year, price of each pair of ordinary sports shoes is more than 20 Euro on this countrys market. And the sports shoes price of 3-2 Euro of equal quality which China make. In OEM business, our country processes about 3 dollars for a pair of better sports shoes profit, processing one racket 1-2 U.S. dollar, make one have 70 more than air gun profit that part make up in 10 dollars about, processing is about in 7-8 dollars a top-grade sportswear. But once products that China makes these stick identification, world of famous brand, know personal value ten to dozens of times. China span and weave the big country in the world at the same time , after protection period, clothing quota cancels the global fabrics, the sportswears of our country will gain larger development space on the international market. A large amount of good and inexpensive made in China enters the international market, has brought the generous profit to businessmen of various countries, great too amazing and national consumer market, The ones that caused the importer are panic and uneasy at the same time, they regard made in China as dreadful monsters, is it seize market of them to think, then claim case , case of encroachment of right , anti-dumping probe , cook shoes incident ,etc. to is it discriminate against restriction incident of color happen again and again seriously to have, it is estimated after protection period, this kind of incident will still continue happenings.No famous brand, no competitivenessThe precedence accounted for in national economy of sports industry of the developed country ranks more than ten location, main trade and main power of growth of the national economic, because our country trade this does not unify and not centralized lacking regulation and control that putting in place and counting system Ming, so, guide and encourage the momentum of this industry development to lag behind correspondingly. But with the deepening development and drive of the Olympic Games economy of the national fitness campaign, regard famous-brand strategy implementation as opportunity, combine industrial structure constantly, the trade will demonstrate important status of national economy their more and more.The manufacturing industry of the foreign electronic race apparatus started since last century later stage of the seventies, compared with like product in our country, except that have and relatively take the lead in style diversification and surtax functional development, other disparity are relatively small. Such as steel, the belted steel that my national treasure steel, Anshan Iron and Steel Plant, etc. produce reaches or exceeds the international standard, related steel tube its is it reach foreign standard too to make, electrical machinery wait for electricity run fittings is it digest and assimilate to adopt, we develop in the international advanced ranks from material to new style. So, the electronic race apparatus is different from the plane, automobile trade, nearly have little disparity with advanced level in foreign countries. Therefore, the internationally famous electricity runs in the manufacturing enterprise and pays close attention to day by day, has already begun to let enterprises of our country produce sticking to brand products for it.Though growth momentum fine, domestic electricity run circumstances at domestic and international markets or have difference. Main reason not strong of the competitiveness in the international market of the domestic electronic race apparatus, lack the effect of leading brand products. And compared with overseas enterprise start than such reasons as the impact to the market for late , some fake and forged production of small enterprise ,etc., have weakened the market competitiveness of the domestic electronic race apparatus tooAt present, love brand not internationally famous health , strength strong in, must true, space, having a match there arent one hundred, some furnish a huge amount of money for making the investment and founding the factory, and exert pressure to domestic enterprises with higher brand awareness, under this situation , promote the emergence of leading brand products of electronic race apparatus as soon as possible, can yet be regarded as the government and promote one of the national industry of the electronic race apparatus effectively, promote national brand and domestic product raise a heavy shortcut , international market of competitiveness too. In a situation that the international market competition of the electronic race apparatus is fierce , domestic product will you please win , could move forward in close relations effectively in time with famous brand strategy.The strong promotion of the Whole-Peop1e Health-Building Plan, the pulling of sports consumption of the Olympic Games economy, drive the tremendous development of the sports industry effectively, have far-reaching meanings in promoting the public cognition degree of the Chinese sports goods, to the development of the sports goods industry including electronic race apparatus, to the whole promotion promoting the sports goods industry trade, construct scale merit, enter the global markets , will all offer a large stage, sports and keeping fit undertaking and the Olympic Games economy are all calling Chinas famous brand , the electronic race apparatus is calling Chinas famous brand .电动跑步机行业呼唤中国名牌国产电跑第一家 1996年之前,电动跑步机都是国外产品，进入家庭的大都是由自行车厂改制的生产厂制造的机械跑步机,国人对价格几万乃至十几万元的进口电动跑步机望而生畏。 1993年以后，随着国际产业结构的调整，韩国企业向我国转移，首先是山东祥和集团公司利用该地区电机、控制电源生产的优势，于1994年组建了专厂，通过充实机加工能力，结合国内外信息，祥和集团于1995年生产出了全部为自制部件的家用电动跑步机，并于次年的南昌体博会上参展。被誉为第一个民族品牌的汇祥电动跑步机，当年产量达到七千台，销量达到五千台，开了生产国产电动跑步机的先河。通过不停的技术改造，到2004年达到了年产十万台的生产能力，同年销售跑步机4.8万台，产值9360万元，销售收入7200万元，同时完成了ISO9001及欧盟CE认证，并被评为山东名牌产品。汇祥电动跑步机为扩大生产规模，合理利用生产资源，先后为一些国产企业贴牌生产，极大地提高了电动跑步机的国产占有率，也为众多企业提供了发展样品，带动了整个行业的蓬勃发展。电跑:小康生活的时尚健身产品目前，生产电动跑步机的企业集中在长江三角洲、山东半岛及粤、闽沿海地区，总数约为50余家，其中具备规模的约为15家，而合资、独资企业约占50%。电动跑步机系机电一体化产品，采用汇编语言编程，用计算机控制，系国家鼓励的发展行业。该产品的发展带动了钢管制造、塑料制品、电子工业，电机工业等系列发展，使人们身体锻炼不受场地、环境、气候的制约，寓体育锻炼于休闲娱乐之中，全面提高国民身体素质。该产品制作过程中，无污染物及有害物质产生，外采购钢铁、塑料配件，电子元器件组装，是绿色制造产业。以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央大力倡导建设和谐有序的发展环境，电动跑步机的发展就紧贴这一主题，为带动行业结构调整发挥着重要作用。通过进入小康社会的国民收入提高，电动跑步机近年来也开始进入家庭，例如汇祥牌电动跑步机在中、小城市的销售量逐年增量超过50%，许多富裕起来的城乡居民纷纷选择这一优越的健身方式，一大批人性化设计的跑步机正在问世，通过电子技术、计算机技术、制造设备工装的改造革新，其发展空间很大，是一种有可持续发展前途的产品。促进国民经济健康增长的三大要素为消费、投资、净出口。而电动跑步机的发展，在其中占有很大比重。随着国内恩格尔系数的不断降低，人们由衣食住行向提高生活质量发展，电动跑步机将是国人健身的优选器材，因为，从国外的经验看，在电动跑步机上进行平衡锻炼已经成为时尚。从国民经济分类看，体育消费属第三产业，近年增速连续超过10%，而且速度逐年加快。体育健身的消费拉动国民经济增长的份额必然会继续增加。这种健身消费涵盖较广，既有居民消费又有公共消费（如健身俱乐部等），它的消费增速超过20%，其中，电动跑步机超过40%，具有较强的发展势头。知识产权与贸易摩擦知识产权之所以成为我国体育用品业的“软肋”，是因为我们对市场经济以及与体育产品相关的生产、发明、贸易、等知识的拥有、归属、转让的游戏规则以及相关法律、法规和信息知之甚少。一件体育器材或设备竟在不知道是哪国发明的，人家是否已经注册，注册了哪些内容的情况下，我们却生产和卖了多年。有的产品不仅款式、结构一样，连外观、颜色都十分相近，更可悲的是，由于对上述情况的漠视，我们还拿着自己生产的（实际上是仿造人家的专利产品）到该产品的诞生地去参展、销售，我们说，一件发明技术或专利产品都必须经历漫长而艰难的探索和研究，它凝聚了体育科研人员的智慧和心血，原发明者为此付出了超常的艰辛，理应受到社会的尊重和法律的保护。在我国市场一件已经获专利批准的产品被我们的厂家抄来抄去，毫无创新，这不仅严重的侵犯了人家的发明专利，也使我国体育用品业一度盛行的“拿来主义”走入了误区。这样做，在较为封闭的计划经济体制下，可能少有人发现或追究，但在国门进一步打开的今天，我们必须为此而付出代价。2001年，我们一家参加美国超级展，样品刚一展出，就被人家以侵权为由，扣留了全部的产品，几经交涉和书面检讨，最终交了昂贵的罚款；今年，在德国体博会上，我们的另一家企业的展品又被认定侵权，对方得理不饶人，我们的企业认错、认罚都

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