高考英语阅读理解练习（19）（含解析）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解练习（19）及答案（解析） (2010杭州质检二，c)any discussion of english conversation, like any english conversation, must begin with the weather. and in this spirit of observing traditional rule, i shall quote dr johnsons famous comment that “when two english meet, their first talk is of the weather”， and point out that this observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago.this, however, is the point at which most people either stop, or try, and fail, to come up with a convincing explanation for the english “addiction” to the weather. they fail because their premise(前提) is mistaken: they assume that our conversations about the weather are conversations about the weather. in other words，they assume that we talk about the weather because we have a keen interest in the subject. most of them then try to figure out what it is about the english weather that is so fascinating.bill bryson，for example, concludes that the english weather is not at all fascinating, and that our“addiction” to it is therefore very difficult to explain: “to an outsider，the most striking thing about the english weather is that there is not very much of it. all those phenomena that elsewhere give nature an edge of excitement, unpredictability and dangertornados, monsoons, hailstormsare almost wholly unknown in the british isles.”jeremy paxman takes offence at brysons comments and argues that the english weather is truly fascinating：bryson misses the point. the interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty. one of the few things you can say about england with absolute certainty is that it has a lot of weather. it may not include tropical cyclones but life at the edge of an ocean and the edge of a continent means you can never be entirely sure what youre going to get.my research has convinced me that both bryson and paxman are missing the point, which is that our conversations about the weather are not really about the weather at all：english weatherspeak is a form of code, developed to help us overcome our natural reserve (含蓄) and actually talk to each other. everyone knows, for example, that “nice day, isnt it？”， “oh, isnt it cold？”； and other variations on the theme are not requests for weather data: they are greetings or conversationstarters. in other words, english weatherspeak is a form of “cleaning talk”the human equivalent of what is known as “social cleaning” among our primate(灵长类的)cousins, where they spend hours cleaning each others fur, even when they are perfectly clean, as a means of social connection.英国人谈话为什么以谈天气开始，本文作者在对比了两个具有代表性的说法之后提出了自己的见解作为一种社会联系的手段。8according to the author，most peoples explanations for the english love for weather talk are _.a. scientific b. incorrect c. fascinating d. accurate答案：b。推理判断题。由第2,3,4,5段内容可推断出b项正确。9as is stated in the passsage，most people try to find out _.a. why the english weather is so uniqueb. whether the english enjoy their weatherc. why the english are so interested in the topic of weatherd. whether the english really talk about weather when they do so答案：c。主旨大意题。总览文章可知答案。文章第1段引出话题，从第2段开始就其原因展开探讨。10in bill brysons opinion, the english “addiction” to their weather is _.a. understandable b. convincingc. respectable d. unreasonable答案：d。推理判断题。由第3段首句的“it is therefore very difficult to explain”可推知答案。11disapproving of bill brysons opinion，jeremy paxman argues that _.a. the english talk about their weather because it is unpredictableb. the english dont talk about weather as often as the outsiders thinkc. the english weather can be as exciting as anywhere elsesd. the english weather talk is merely a form of small talk答案：a。推理判断题。由倒数第3段的“jeremy paxman.argues that the english weather is truly fascinating”和倒数第2段第2句but in uncertainty可推知答案。12according to the author, english weatherspeak is similar to primates social cleaning in that they are both _.aways of greetingbmeans social connectioncfascinating topics between peopledphenomena difficult to understand to outsiders答案：b。事实细节题。由尾段尾句可知b项正确。c52013江苏卷 dmark twain has been called the inventor of the american novel.and he surely deserves additional praise：the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.i say clever because antislavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the civil war.h.b.stowes uncle toms cabin is only the most famous example.these early stories dealt directly with slavery.with minor exceptions, twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.he drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.again and again，in the postwar years，twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race.consider the most controversial, at least today, of twains novels, adventures of huckleberry finn.only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as huckleberry finn，twains most widely read tale.once upon a time, people hated the book because it struck them as rude. twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums(贫民窟)”more recently the book has been attacked because of the character jim，the escaped slave，and many occurences of the word nigger.(the term nigger jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)but the attacks were and are sillyand miss the point.the novel is strongly antislavery.jims search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic.as jchadwick has pointed out, the character of jim was a first in american fictiona recognition that the slave had two personalities, “the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual：jim, the father and the man.”there is much more.twains mystery novel puddnhead wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day.written at a time when the accepted wisdom held negroes to be inferior(低等的)to whites，especially in intelligence，twains tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth.a slave gave birth to her masters baby and，for fear that the child should be sold south, switched him for the masters baby by his wife.the slaves lightskinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slaveholding class.the masters wifes baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.the point was difficult to miss：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status.the features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudicemanner of speech，for examplewere, to twain, indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.twains racial tone was not perfect.one is left uneasy，for example，by the lengthy passage in his autobiography(自传)about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youthmostly with white men performing in blackfaceand his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.yet there is no reason to think twain saw the shows as representing reality.his frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.was twain a racist？asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of lincoln.if we read the words and attitudes of the past through the “wisdom” of the considered moral judgments of the present，we will find nothing but error.lincoln，who believed the black man the inferior of the white, fought and won a war to free him.and twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldier，and inventor of jim，may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.65how do twains novels on slavery differ from stowes?atwain was more willing to deal with racism.btwains attack on racism was much less open.ctwains themes seemed to agree with plots.dtwain was openly concerned with racism.66recent criticism of adventures of huckleberry finn arose partly from its _atarget readers at the bottombantislavery attitudecrather impolite languagedfrequent use of “nigger”67what best proves twains antislavery stand according to the author?ajims search for his family was described in detail.bthe slaves voice was first heard in american novels.cjim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.dtwain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.68the story of two babies switched mainly indicates that _aslaves were forced to give up their babies to their mastersbslaves babies could pick up slaveholders way of speakingcblacks social position was shaped by how they were brought updblacks were born with certain features of prejudice69what does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 7 refer to?athe attacks.bslavery and prejudice.cwhite men.dthe shows.70what does the author mainly argue for?atwain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.btwain was an admirable figure comparable to abraham lincoln.ctwains works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.dtwains works should be read from a historical point of view.【要点综述】 本篇为说明文，谈到马克吐温的小说是否对奴隶制和偏见进行了反抗，以及它受到不同人士的批评情况。65b推理判断题。由第二段的“twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.”可知，马克吐温把对奴隶制和偏见的攻击融在故事中，隐晦地表达。而早期小说是直接攻击方式(dealt directly with slavery)，因此b项说他的小说对种族主义制度的攻击非常不明显是恰当的。a项文章没有提及；c项与题干无关，答非所问；d项文章没有提及。66d推理判断题。根据关键词adventures of huckleberry finn定位到第三段。由“more recently the book has been attacked because of many occurences of the word nigger.”可知答案。a项中的target readers错误，文章没有说到；b项不符合文意；c项中的impolite language范围过广，文章只是说到批评者对nigger一词的出现感到不满。67c细节理解题。由第四段的末句“the character of jim was a first in american fictiona recognition that the slave had two personalities”可知答案。a项中的in detail文章没有提及；b项中的the slaves voice与文章的the character of jim不一致；d项文章没有提及。68c推理判断题。由第六段可知，举这个例子是为了说明奴隶的社会地位是由生活环境决定的，而不是人的自然本性。69d词义猜测题。由画线词所在句的前面一句可知：没有理由认为马克吐温把这些表演当作表现现实，后句紧接着解释：马克吐温对奴隶制和偏见的不断攻击说明了他敏锐的意识，而这些是shows所没有表达出来的，可见they应该就是指代shows。70a作者意图题。末段首先提出一个疑问，然后通过论据否定了这个观点，最后总结了一下自己的观点：and twainmay have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice than any other novelist in the past century，可见作者要反驳的是末段首句所表达的疑问，只有a项符合，其他各项只是对具体例子的说明。(2011海淀第二学期期末，d)the child ego statethe child ego state is a set of behaviors, thoughts and feelings which are replayed from our own childhood.perhaps the boss calls us into his or her office, we may immediately get a churning in our stomach and wonder what we have done wrong. if this were explored we might remember the time the head teacher called us in to tell us off. of course, not everything in the child ego state is negative. we might go into someones house and smell a lovely smell and remember our grandmothers house when we were little, and all the same warm feelings we had at six years of age may come flooding back.the child ego states are constantly being updated. for example, we may meet someone who gives us the permission we needed as a child, and did not get，to be fun and joyous. we may well use that person in our imagination when we are stressed to resist our old ways of thinking that we must work longer and longer hours to keep up with everything. we might ask ourselves“i wonder what x would say now. ”then on hearing the new permissions to relax and take some time out，do just that and then return to the work renewed and ready for the challenge. afterwards, rather than blaming ourselves for what we did or did not do, what tends to happen is that we automatically start to give ourselves new permissions and take care of ourselves.alternatively，we might have had an extremely unpleasant experience yesterday which goes into the child ego state as an antique memory that stands in the way of our growth. positive experiences will also go into the child ego state as antique memories. the positive experiences can then be drawn on to remind us that positive things do happen.the process of analyzing personality in terms of ego states is called