2013考研英语大纲解析-刘启升.doc

2013年考研英语大纲单词变化统计表在新出炉的2013年考研英语大纲中，在英语一和英语二的考纲中就单词部分均进行了局部微调，主要是在往年大纲的基础上删除了42个单词，新增了59个单词。减少新增 词义1abundance1accustomed(accustom)使习惯于2accidental2alienate使疏远，使不友好；转移（资产等）3agreement3allegiance忠诚，效忠；拥戴；臣服4attendance4ape无尾猿，类人猿5bearing5archeology考古学；古代文物（总称）6beforehand6bail保释；帮助摆脱困境7blackmail7blog博客，网络日志8breadth8botany植物学，植物生态9building9buzzn. 滋滋声；噪音；流言 vi. 发出滋滋声 vt.使发出滋滋声10capitalism10censorship审查，检查，审查制度11certainly11comet彗星12coincidence12contagious接触性传染的；有感染力的13comfortable13converge汇合到一点；聚集；使聚集于14compensation14culprit嫌犯，被告；产生不良后果的原因15complication15daunt威吓；使胆怯16concerning16debut首次登台；首次上市17construction17default违约，未履行；缺席18container18defendantn. 被告；adj. 做辩护的，处于被告位置的19contradiction19defer遵命于，服从于；将委托于20conventional20deplore哀叹，对遗憾；哀悼；强烈反对21corresponding21diabetes糖尿病，多尿症22customary22dinosaur恐龙；庞然大物23daytime23dioxide二氧化物24directly24embryon. 胚胎；adj. 胚胎的，萌芽的；不成熟的25discharge25endorse背书，签字支付；签署；赞同，支持26disregard26ethic伦理标准，道德规范，道德体系27elderly27fiscal财政的，国库的；财务的，金钱的28establishment28franchise公民权，选举权；特许权力；特别经营权29experimental29freelancev. 当自由职业者；作为自由职业者提供；adj.自由职业的，独立的30heading30genre种，类；体裁，样式31housing31glacier冰川，冰河32improvement32guild团体，协会；行会，同业公会33jeans33heraldn. 使节；报信者；v. 宣布，预示来临；欢迎，为欢呼34learned34hormone激素，荷尔蒙35learning35hygiene卫生，卫生学，保健学36monthly36inaugurate使正式任职，为举行就职仪式；开始，开展37noticeable37ivoryn. 象牙；牙质；乳白色；adj. 象牙的；牙质的；乳白色的38perfection38lyricn. 抒情诗，抒情作品；adj. 抒情的，奔放的；适于歌唱的39quarterly39marathonn. 马拉松赛跑；耐力比赛；adj. 马拉松式的，漫长的40replacement40memorandum备忘录；外交备忘录41shortly41neutron中子42steamer42nostalgic怀乡的；怀旧的43transition43obesity过度肥胖；肥胖症44wretched44overhaulv. 大修，拆修；彻底革新；赶上，超过；n. 大修，拆修；彻底革新45writing45plaintiff原告46portfolio公务包，卷宗夹；部长或大臣职位；投资组合47recession后退；凹处；衰退（期）48redeem赎回；偿还；弥补；履行49rehearse(rehearsal)排练，演习；参加排练或演习；反复训练；详述，历数50salient显著的，突出的；凸起的；涌出的51scenario梗概，脚本；方案；事态52snobbish势利的；自命不凡的53stagnant不流动的，呆滞的；不发展的；不活跃的54statistics(statistical)统计，统计资料；统计学55taboon. 禁忌；忌讳；禁忌的事物；adj.禁忌的；忌讳的；v.把列为禁忌；禁止56toiln. 辛苦；劳作；苦工，苦活； v. 苦干，辛勤劳动57transitn. 运输；通过；公交系统；v. 运送；通过，经过58turmoil骚动，混乱59vaccinen. 牛痘苗；疫苗；adj. 牛痘苗的；疫苗的Passage One If you havent heard or seen anything about Road Rage in the last few months, youve probably been avoiding the media. There have been countless stories about this new and scary phenomenon, considered a type of aggressive driving. You have most likely encountered aggressive driving and/or Road Rage recently if you drive at all.While drunk driving remains a critical problem, the facts about aggressive driving are surely as disturbing. For instance, according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, 41,907 people died on the highway last year. Of those fatalities, the agency estimates that about two-thirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behavior.Why is the phenomenon occurring more than ever now, and why is it something that seemed almost nonexistent a few short years ago? Experts have several theories, and all are probably partially correct. One suggestion is sheer overcrowding. In the last decade, the number of cars on the road has increased by more than 11 percent, and the number of miles driven has increased by 35 percent. However, the number of new road miles has only increased by 1 percent. That means more cars in the same amount of space; and the problem is magnified in urban areas. Also, people have less time and more things to do. With people working and trying to fit extra chores and activities into the day, stress levels have never been higher. Stress creates anxiety, which leads to short tempers. These factors, when combined in certain situations, can spell Road Rage.You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively, but you might be surprised. For instance, have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver, sounded the horn long and hard at another car, or sped up to keep another driver from passing? If you recognize yourself in any of these situations, watch out!Whether you are getting angry at other drivers, or another driver is visibly upset with you, there are things you can do to avoid any major confrontation. If you are susceptible to Road Rage, the key is to discharge your emotion in a healthy way. If you are the target of another drivers rage, do everything possible to get away from the other driver safely, including avoiding eye contact and getting out of their way.1. The first sentence in Paragraph 1 implies that_.A. Road Rage has received much media coverage in the last few months B. people not interested in the media know little about recent happeningsC. one may be raged by media reports and wants to avoid themD. the media coined the term “Road Rage” only a few months ago2. According to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, last year .A. more people were killed by aggressive driving than by drunk driving B. drunk driving remained the No.1 killer on the highwaysC. two thirds of drivers were killed by aggressive driving D. 41,907 people fell victim to aggressive driving 3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of aggressive driving?A. Increasing number of cars. B. Drivers stress and anxiety.C. Rush hour traffic. D. Overcrowded roads.4. Which of the following characterizes aggressive driving?A. Talking while driving.B. Driving fast.C. Sounding the horn when passing.D. Yelling at another driver.5. The last paragraph is intended to _.A. inform people how aggressive drivers could beB. tell people how to cope with Road RageC. tell people how to control themselves when angryD. warn people against eye contact with another driverPassage Two (1) The other problem that arises from the employment of women is that of the working wife. It has two aspects: that of the wife who is more of a success than her husband and that of the wife who must rely heavily on her husband for help with domestic tasks. There are various ways in which the impact of the first difficulty can be reduced. Provided that husband and wife are not in the same or directly comparable lines of work, the harsh fact of her greater success can be obscured by a genial conspiracy to reject a purely monetary measure of achievement as intolerably crude. Where there are ranks, it is best if the couple work in different fields so that the husband can find some special reason for the superiority of the lowest figure in his to the most elevated in his wifes.(2) A problem that affects a much larger number of working wives is the need to re-allocate domestic tasks if there are children. In The Road to Wigan Pier George Orwell wrote of the unemployed of the Lancashire coalfields: Practically never . in a working-class home, will you see the man doing a stroke of the housework. Unemployment has not changed this convention, which on the face of it seems a little unfair. The man is idle from morning to night but the woman is as busy as ever - more so, indeed, because she has to manage with less money. Yet so far as my experience goes the women do not protest. They feel that a man would lose his manhood if, merely because he was out of work, he developed in a Mary Ann.(3) It is over the care of young children that this re-allocation of duties becomes really significant. For this, unlike the cooking of fish fingers or the making of beds, is an inescapably time-consuming occupation, and time is what the fully employed wife has no more to spare of than her husband.(4) The male initiative in courtship is a pretty indiscriminate affair, something that is tried on with any remotely plausible woman who comes within range and, of course, with all degrees of tentativeness. What decides the issue of whether a genuine courtship is going to get under way is the womans response. If she shows interest the engines of persuasion are set in movement. The truth is that in courtship society gives women the real power while pretending to give it to men.(5) What does seem clear is that the more men and women are together, at work and away from it, the more the comprehensive amorousness of men towards women will have to go, despite all its past evolutionary services. For it is this that makes inferiority at work abrasive and, more indirectly, makes domestic work seem unmanly, if there is to be an equalizing redistribution of economic and domestic tasks between men and women there must be a compensating redistribution of the erotic initiative. If women will no longer let us beat them they must allow us to join them as the blushing recipients of flowers and chocolates.1. Paragraph One advises the working wife who is more successful than her husband toA. work in the same sort of job as her husband.B. play down her success, making it sound unimportant.C. stress how much the family gains from her high salary.D. introduce more labour-saving machinery into the home.2. Orwells picture of relations between man and wife in Wigan Pier (Paragraph Two) describes a relationship which the author of the passageA. thinks is the natural one.B. wishes to see preserved.C. believes is fair.D. is sure must change.3. Which of the following words is used literally, NOT metaphorically?A. Abrasive (Paragraph Five).B. Engines (Paragraph Four).C. Convention (Paragraph Two).D. Heavily (Paragraph One).4. The last paragraph stresses that if women are to hold important jobs, then they mustA. sometimes make the first advances in love.B. allow men to flirt with many women.C. stop accepting presents of flowers and chocolates.D. avoid making their husbands look like Mary Anns.5. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the present form of courtship?A. Men are equally serious about courtship.B. Each man makes passes at many women.C. The womans reaction decides the fate of courtship.D. The man leaves himself the opportunity to give up the chase quickly. Directions:Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should1) describe the picture , interpret its meaning, and2) point out its implications in our life.You should write 160200