安徽省都江堰市高考英语二轮复习 短文改错讲解及练习（3）.doc

四川都江堰市2016高考英语短文改错二轮讲解及练习（3）高考英语专题之短文改错从近几年的高考短文改错来看，一篇120词左右的短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 短文改错的目的是测试考生发现、判断、纠正一些词法、句法以及语篇中的行文逻辑等方面错误的能力。它既能考查考生的词汇和语法方面的能力，也能考查考生的阅读理解能力。其考查要点的主要方面有： 知识点一：词法性错误1.冠词：冠词的考查主要集中在不定冠词a，an及定冠词the的混用和漏用。主要包括以下几个方面：(1)不定冠词a和an互改；(2)不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；(3)定冠词the的多余或缺失；(4)单数可数名词前冠词的缺失(一般情况下，单数可数名词在句中出现时，其前需要加上适当的冠词或其他限定词)；(5)不可数名词表示泛指时冠词的多余；(6)常见固定搭配的错用。 (1)after a hour or so we began to feel very frightened. 解析因hour以元音音素开头。 答案aan (2)i decided to climb the tree to see where we were. 解析因此处并非特指，而是泛指。 答案thea (3)good health is persons most valuable possession. 解析这里的a表泛指。 答案persons前加a (4)maybe you could come during a winter holidays. 解析此处的winter holidays属特指或者是谈话双方都知道的。 答案athe (5)suddenly，i caught a sight of my english teacher in the crowd. 解析catch sight of是习语，意为“看见，瞥见” 答案去掉a 2.名词：名词的考查主要包括名词的数的用法(可数名词与不可数名词的混用，可数名词单复数的错用)；名词格的误用、名词前限定词的用法以及抽象名词与物质名词具体化的用法。 (6)we stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. 解析因“水”为物质名词，不可数。 答案waterswater (7)there are branch library in many villages. 解析因其前的谓语动词are为复数形式。 答案librarylibraries (8)i hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon. 解析some time意为“某时”。 答案timestime (9)they were eager to know everything about china and asked me lots of question. 解析因其前有表示复数意义的修饰语lots of。 答案questionquestions 3.代词： 短文改错对代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性)、人称代词的主格与宾格变化、各类代词的误加与漏用(尤其是一些易受汉语影响的结构)、某些不定代词的用法(尤其是在意思上用错)、代词在某些习语中的用法等。 (10)david pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village. 解析因它与其前的关系代词which语义重复。 答案去掉it (11)when we walked to the car，bill smiled and shook head. 解析汉语为“摇头”，而英语的习惯是说shake ones head。 答案head前加his (12)we climb everywhere，not only in america. they have been to europe many times. 解析前后人称不一致。 答案theywe (13)the smiths did his best to make me feel at home. 解析因前面的the smiths指的是“史密斯夫妇/一家”，是复数意义。 答案histheir 4.形容词与副词：形容词与副词主要考查两个方面： (1)形容词与副词的错用。包括近义形容词的错用、近义副词的错用、形容词与副词之间的混用以及以ly结尾的副词和不是以ly结尾的同根副词之间的误用、动词ing形式和动词ed形式的形容词辨析等； (2)原级、比较级和最高级的误用。包括原级、比较级和最高级之间的混用；比较级的修饰语使用不当。常见的比较级修饰语有a bit，a little，much，far，many，a lot，even等；常见的最高级修饰语有almost，by far，nearly等；常见的和原级搭配的结构有as.as；how与what的混用也是常见考点。 (14)last sunday，police cars hurried to the taller building in new york. 解析因从含义上看此处应是最高级。 答案tallertallest (15)as a result，people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past. 解析因为longer本身已是比较级，不能再用more修饰。 答案去掉more 5.介词与介词短语：短文改错中对介词的考查主要集中在介词短语及介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配等。介词与名词的常见搭配： 与to搭配的名词：answer，reply，key，visit，apology，introduction，entrance，invitation等。 与in搭配的名词：expert，interest等。 与on搭配的名词：mercy，congratulation等。 其他介词与名词的搭配：victory over，advantage over，respect for，prize for等。 (16)bill insisted in staying near the car. 解析insist on为固定搭配。 答案inon (17)when they came down，the police were angry to them. 解析要表示“对某人生气”，习惯上用be angry with sb。 答案towith (18)most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. 解析因其前的get是及物动词。 答案去掉for 6.动词：除动词时态与非谓语动词之外，动词考点还包括被动语态、情态动词、动词用法辨析、动词be的误加与漏用等。 (19)charles and linda were seeing near the top of the building. 解析因为从含义上看，此处谓语应用被动语态。 答案seeingseen (20)books may be keep for four weeks. 解析因此处要用被动语态。 答案keepkept (21).and let you know when the book you want has returned. 解析因从句意上看，此处要用被动语态。 答案returned前加been (22)uncle ben will also go back for christmas. 解析由句意可知。 答案gocome (23)they eager to know everything about china and asked me lots of questions. 解析因此处缺谓语动词。 答案eager前加were 7.非谓语动词：短文改错对非谓语动词的考查主要涉及不定式符号to的有无，介词后该使用动词的什么形式(用动名词)，并列结构中几个非谓语动词是否一致，动词用作主语时用何种形式(可用动名词或不定式，但不能用动词原形)等。 (24)david and i wanted go off to find help but bill insisted on staying near the car. 解析因为want后要接不定式。 答案wanted后加to (25).rather than go into the forest and getting lost. 解析因为get与其前的go并列。 答案gettingget (26)modern people know more about health，have better food，and to live in clearer surroundings. 解析因为live与其前的know，have并列。 答案去掉live前的to (27).you pay the cost of send a postcard，the librarian will write to you. 解析因为介词后接动名词作宾语。 答案sendsending (2013东北三省三校第二次联考)yesterday, li mei goes to a store to return a shirt without carrying the receipt(收据)when she got there，she refused. the salesman said that he wouldnt take it back if she showed him the receipt. thinking it was no way out，li mei put the shirt back in her bag and left. suddenly two shop guard stopped her and began to search for her. they found the shirt in the bag and looked at it careful. many eyes were staring at her, what made li mei very embarrassing. luckily, a salesman came up in time and she was allowed to go.答案：yesterday, li mei to a store to return a shirt without carrying the receipt(收据)when she got there，she refused. the salesman said that he wouldnt take it back she showed him the receipt. thinking was no way out，li mei put the shirt back in her bag and left. suddenly two shop stopped her and began to search her. they found the shirt in the bag and looked at it . many eyes were staring at her, made li mei very . luckily, salesman came up in time and she was allowed to go.(2013甘肃省部分学校第二次联考)im a senior student from china, aging seventeen. while surfing the internet, i have found that your organization will hold a summer camp in singapore. with greatly interest, id like to apply for them. im an outgoing girl who like communicating with others. i could speak english well. my written english is excellent, either. i wish to join in the activities. for one thing, im willing to introduce china to other students from all over world; for another, i expect to learn from more about other countries. in addition, id like to make friend. the chance is so precious as im really looking forward to your approval.答案：im a senior student from china, seventeen. while surfing the internet, i have found that your organization will hold a summer camp in singapore. with interest, id like to apply for . im an outgoing girl who communicating with others. i speak english well. my written english is excellent, . i wish to join in the activities. for one thing, im willing to introduce china to other students from all over world; for another, i expect to learn more about other countries. in addition, id like to make . the chance is so precious im really looking forward to your approval.【2014届西藏自治区高三最后一次模拟统一考试】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：把缺词处加一个漏词符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。 修改：1.在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。i am writing to ask for whether you are able to do me a favor. i want to have a pen pal, hopefully a girl in the early twenties, and with interests similarly to mine. in my mind, he is someone interesting in traveling, swimming, and playing table tennis. beside, it will be better for her to have a pet dog as i have been keeping one at home for some time