高考英语阅读理解基础训练极品题（12）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解基础训练极品题（12）及答案阅读理解-why can some people sleep through noises like a honking car or flushing toilet, while others are awakened by the lightest sound?to find the answer, sleep researchers at massachusetts general hospital conducted an unusual study of 12 self-described deep sleepers. after tests confirmed that the healthy volunteers were solid sleepers, they took part in a three-night study in the universitys sleep laboratory. the participants spent the night in a big and comfortable room. but the room also included four speakers positioned near the top of the bed.during the night, the deep sleepers were subjected to 14 different recorded sounds, like street traffic, toilets flushing, an ice machine dispensing and an airplane flying overhead. next door, the researchers monitored their sleep patterns and brain waves.as expected, all of the participants slept relatively well, but there were differences in how they responded to the noisy interruptions. some of the sleepers didnt wake up even when a sound was blasted at 70 decibels (分贝); others were awakened by sounds at 40 or 50 decibels.the researchers discovered that the difference in a sleepers reaction to noise could be predicted by the level of brain activity called “sleep spindles. a sleep spindle is a burst of high-frequency brain activity coming from deep inside the brain during sleep. the source of the spindles is the thalamus, a part of the brain that sends sensory information to the rest of the cortex (皮层).before the study, the massachusetts researchers theorized (推理) that the spindles are the brains way of preventing sensory information from passing through the thalamus and waking the rest of the brain during sleep. they found that the sleepers who experienced the most sleep spindles during the night were also the soundest sleepers and were least likely to be awakened by noise.scientists already know that most people become lighter sleepers with age, most likely because older people experience less “slow wave sleep, which is the deepest stage of sleep. people also produce fewer sleep spindles as they age. but even when controlling for the stage of sleep a person was in, the number of sleep spindles still predicted their risk for awakening because of noise.more research is needed, but the findings suggest that a better understanding of sleep spindles could lead to new behavioral or drug therapies for people with sleep disorders. for instance, future studies may try to determine whether diet, exercise or other behaviors may influence the number of sleep spindles a person produces during the night. 8. some participants can sleep well through loud noises mainly because _.a. their brains dont respond to outside noisesb. their brains react differently to noisesc. they adapt to the environment quicklyd. they dont pay attention to the monitors9. scientists believe that the key to affecting deep sleep is _. a. sleep spindles b. stages of sleep c. sleep disorders d. sensory information10. it can be learned from the passage that _. a. the older a deep sleeper becomes, the lighter his sleep must be b. the more “slow wave sleep” one experiences, the deeper sleep one has c. the more frequently a sleepers brain works, the less information it sends d. the deeper sleep people have, the more likely they will be awakened by noise 11. from the passage we can predict _.a. more factors in influencing sleep spindles may be discovered b. more solid sleepers will take part in relative experimentsc. sleep spindles will be applied to changing ones behaviorsd. deep sleepers will probably enjoy a more healthy life【参考答案】811、bab a 阅读理解-c(2013海口市调研，c)it was the summer of 1998 and i was trying to study hard for my engineering degree. i went up to the roof for a break and watched people swimming in the natural rock pool below our house. it was a sunny day. but as i looked into the distance, i discovered a series of three or four big waves racing towards the shore. they must have been at least four meters high and were heading at speed in the direction of the pool. from the screams that started coming from the beach, i could tell someone was in trouble.without thinking, i held my bodyboard (冲浪板) and shouted at a stranger to call the lifeguards (救生员). my neighbor moises had heard the screaming as well and was also outside with his bodyboard, so together we rushed to the sea.once we got closer, we discovered two people floating about 400 meters out. waiting for help wasnt a choice. i didnt think twice about trying to save them. when we finally reached them 10 minutes later, they were almost lifeless, pale and motionless. we could tell they were still alive from their small breaths. we put them on our boards, patted their faces to wake them up, telling them to be strong, all the while swimming hard to keep ourselves afloat.thirty minutes later, i began to feel a bit afraid and tired. finally, a small boat with three lifeguards headed towards us. when the boat pulled up, we helped push the couple on board, only to be told that there was no room for us. it seemed pretty unprofessional (不专业的) to leave us therewe were a couple of miles from the shore.i didnt feel like a hero. im sure that anyone who could swim would have done the same thing.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和他的邻居救助两位被海浪冲离岸边的游泳者的故事。9what can we learn from the passage?aa stranger asked the writer to call the lifeguards.bthe writer was afraid and regretted the rescue.cthe writer told from the screams that someone needed help.da neighbor and the writer rushed to the sea with nothing in hand.答案：c细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“from the screams that started coming from the beach, i could tell someone was in trouble.”可知，答案选c。10upon getting close to them, the writer found that the two people _.ahad been saved by others bwere struggling in the seacwere dying dwere crying for help loudly答案：c细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“when we finally reached them 10 minutes later, they were almost lifeless, pale and motionless.”可知，当作者和他的邻居到达溺水者身旁的时候，他们已经奄奄一息了。故答案选c。11from paragraph 4 we can infer that the writer thought _.apeople in need dont come firstbthey were too tired to swim backcwaiting for help wasnt a choicedthe lifeguards should make room for them答案：d推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句可知，作者认为那些救生员太不专业了，居然没考虑到给施救者(即作者和他的邻居)留出坐船的地方。故答案选d。阅读理解-d(2013海口市调研，d)any diet on which you eat fewer calories than you need to get through the day, like an 800calorieperday diet, can be dangerous. diets that dont allow any fat also can be bad for you. everyone needs a certain amount of fat in their diet, up to 30% of total calories, so no one should eat a completely fatfree diet.dont have diets that restrict certain food groups, either. a diet that requires you to say no to bread or pasta or allows you to eat only fruit is unhealthy. you wont get the vitamins and minerals you need. and although you may lose weight, youll probably gain it back as soon as you start eating normally again.some people start dieting because they think all the problems in their lives are because of weight. others have an area of their lives that they cant control, like an alcoholic parent, so they focus on something they can control, their exercise and food intake (摄入)people who diet may get lots of praise from friends and family when they start losing pounds, which makes them feel good. but eventually a person reaches a weight level and doesnt lose as much weight as before because the body is trying to keep a healthy weight, so they arent any happier.some people may find it hard to control their eating, so they stick with an_extreme_diet for a little while, but then eat tons of food. feeling guilty about the binge, they use laxatives (泻药). eating too little to maintain a healthy weight or eating only to throw up the calories are both eating disorders, which are harmful to a persons health.文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章告诫减肥人群，在减肥的同时务必要保证健康和均衡的饮食，这样才能获得真正的健康。12the reasons why some people start and keep dieting dont include _.athey think their trouble comes from their weightbthey have a strict parentcother peoples praise when they lose some weightdthere is something they cant control except food intake答案：b细节理解题。根据第三、四段内容可知，a、c、d三项均是人们减肥的原因。b项内容文章没有涉及。故答案选b。13the underlined phrase in the last paragraph refers to _.aa fat free diet ba special dietceating too much deating too little答案：d指代判断题。根据画线短语后“but then eat tons of food”中的“but”可推知，画线部分与其讲述的内容相反，因此“an extreme diet”指的就是“吃得太少”。故答案选d。14which of the following statements is true?aa person needs about 800 calories each day.ba person who doesnt eat bread is unhealthy.can improper diet may cause eating disorder.dfat takes up the most part of calories inside body.答案：c细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“like an 800calorieperday diet, can be dangerous”可知，a项表述错误；根据第二段第二句可知，不包括面包的饮食不健康，但并没说不吃面包的人不健康，故b项表述错误；根据第一段最后一句可知，d项表述错误。故答案选c。15according to the passage, when people want to lose weight, they should _.aavoid eating some food that can lead to being fatbcontrol their eating amount and timeschave a healthy and balanced dietdthrow up some of what they eat答案：c推理判断题。通读全文特别是文章首段内容可知，人们在减肥的同时，还应保证健康和均衡的饮食。故答案选c。阅读理解-drays wedding had gone off smoothly. everyone seemed to have had a good time. a few people had too good a time; they went home with designated (指派的) drivers. all evening, the gift table remained unguarded. who would steal anything, ray thought. he had never heard of such a thing happening at a wedding. but his best friend aaron said there was a first time for everything. he strolled out regularly from the inside festivities (庆祝) to check on the gift table, making sure no one suspicious was hanging around it. ray and julia went on a 3-week honeymoon to italy right after the wedding. when they got back, they opened all the gifts and sent out thank-you notes. but there was one problem. a married couple that used to be good friends had apparently given nothing. this surprised julia, because walt and mary said they were thrilled to be invited. and, they actually seemed to have had a great time at the wedding. frankly, ray didnt even care if they hadnt given a gift. he just needed to know whether to send a thank-you note. ray called aaron. aaron said maybe walt had left an envelope on the gift table like aaron had. “yes, but we got your envelope with the cash inside,” ray said. “maybe my envelope looked too thin, and some thief thought walts envelope looked nice and fat.” aaron asked ray if he had looked everywhere for walts gift. had he called up the wedding site to see if anything had been left behind? ray said that he had looked everywhere and made a lot of calls that were fruitless. ray didnt know what to do. if he sent walt and mary a thank-you note for a gift they hadnt given, they would be insulted. if he didnt send them a thank-you note for a gift they had given, they would get angry. “what would you do?” ray asked. aaron said he would call walt up and tell him the problem. “you cant go wrong with simply being honest,” aaron said. “oh, yes, you can,” ray contradicted him. “sometimes its best to let sleeping dogs lie.” but he thought about it, and finally decided that aaron was right. he called walt and told him the problem. walt said that yes, he had given an envelope. in fact, the envelope contained $500 cash. “$500?!” ray asked. “thats a lot of cash, walt!” walt admitted that it was, but he had gotten