高一定语从句讲解_免费下载.doc

高一定语从句讲解（一）、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语一： 先行词： 被定语从句所修饰的词 二： 关系代词：用来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先行词的代词。先行词是物： which that 先行词是人： who whom that 在从句中充当的成分： 主语、宾语 （1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。 e.g. 把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句1. They had a radio. It could send out messages. They had a radio which/ that could send out message. (主语)2. The girl is my best friend. She spoke just now. _3. He always buys some books. He never read them. _注意点：1.） 定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面：e.g. 4. The man who lives next door sells vegetables. The man sells vegetables who lives next door. ( ) 5. The car which my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake. The car was destroyed in the earthquake which my uncle just bought. ( )2）关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略：e.g. 6. The young man ( whom ) you saw was our manager. 7. There is something ( that ) we must keep in mind. 找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. The man who told me the news refused to give me the name.2. The airline has a booklet which will tell you most of the important things about a trip to Europe.3. He found a dollar bill that he had forgotten in a suit .4. He is the man whom we all respect.5. There is somebody who wants to see you.6. The house I would like to buy is not for sale.7. The bicycle my uncle gave me was very expensive. （二）whose 的用法：关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即“的”时，它既可以修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰指物的先行词。e.g. 1. The girl is my daughter. Her work got the first prize.The girl whose work got the first prize is my daughter. 2. The book is not mine. The cover of it is red. The book whose cover is red is not mine ( The book the cover of which is red is not mine)3. Do you know anyone? His family is in Xian. _ 4. I live in the room. The windows of it face south. _ 5. The chair has been repaired. The leg of it was broken. _限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。 e.g. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）that与which的区别1）用that而不用 which的情况 1.当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。e.g. Do you have anything that is important to tell me? 2.当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。 e.g. I have some books that are very good.3.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。e.g. This is the first book that I bought myself. The biggest bird that I caught is this bird. 4.主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时e.g. Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting.5.当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物.e.g. China is no longer the country that she was.6.如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that .e.g. Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.7.在there be句型中,只用that.e.g. He asked for the latest book (that) there is on the subject.8.当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。e.g. This is the very book that I lost yesterday.9.当先行词又有人又有物时。e.g. I wont forget the things and the persons that I saw.2）用which而不用 that的情况： 引导非限制性定语从句；指代前面整个主句的意思；介词 + 关系代词。e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. This is the room in which my father lived last year. 找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. What is the address of the factory whose advertisement we noticed the other day.2. I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease.3. It was a meeting whose importance I didnt realize at the time.4. The Great Wall was the first place that went to visit while they were in China.5. Miss Smith, who you met at our house, is going to marry Mr. Harry.6. He failed in the exam, which made his classmates surprised. （三）关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用which 或whome.g. 1. The man is a famous runner. You talked to him just now.The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.2. The chair is made of wood. He is sitting on it now. The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.3. He is a library assistant. I borrowed some books from him._4. It is a famous school. He graduated from it 3 years ago. _介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with是习惯性搭配)介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配），He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即through the telescope)有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开， (look after take care of look for)e.g. 5. He is the student. / The teachers are looking for him. He is the student who the teachers are looking for. 6. The number of the children is 30. / She takes care of the children. The number of the children who she takes care of is 30.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. This is the house about which we wrote to you.2. Wu Dong, with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.3. He used to live in a big house in front of which grew many banana trees.4. This is Peter in whose house I have lived for five years.（四）关系副词： when where why当先行词是表示时间的名词，用when，在定语从句中充当时间状语，这时一般可以用介词which来代替:e.g. 1. I will never forget the day./ I went to university on that day.I will never forget the day when/ on which I went to university.2. He still remember the morning. / The earthquake happened on that morning._当先行词是表示地点的名词，用where，在定语从句中充当地点状语，这时一般可以用介词which来代替:e.g. 3. This is the house. / He used to live in the house.This is the house where/ in which he used to live.4. I know of a place in which/where we can swim _先行词是表示原因的名词，即reason，用why，在定语从句中充当原因状语，这时一般可以用for which来代替:e.g. 5. I dont know the reason. / He did it for this reason.I dont know the reason why/ for which he did it.6. The reason for which/why he was fired was not clear.I will never forget the day _which/that/不填_ we spent together in the countrysideI will never forget the days_during which/when_ we stayed together in the countrysideThis is the reason _that/which/不填_ they told meThis is the reason _for which/why_ he turned the jobf找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. I know a forest where you can find wild strawberries.2. Is there any reason why you should have a holiday.3. I will show you the way to the Friendship Hotel where foreign visitors are staying.4. Be sure to call on us next time when you come to town.5. We shall never forget the days when we were united as one to fight against the Japanese.（5）注意点：要注意判断关系词及关系词在从句中所充当的成分。e.g. 1. This is the house He visited it yesterday.This is the house. He once lived in it.This is the house which/that / / he visited yesterday.This is the house where/in which he once lived.2. We will remember the day. We spent the day together. _We will remember the day. We worked on this day together. _找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. I will show you to the factory which produces this kind of TV sets.2. I will show you to the factory where he has worked for five years.3. I will show you to the factory whose workers are all disabled people.4. I will show you to the factory which your factory once visited five years ago. （六）定语从句时特别注意的几个问题as引导定语从句时的用法1. as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same as, such as结构中。e.g. Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。_ 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。2. as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。常用下列句型: as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks.（one为先行词）He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（students为先行词）定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词 + which”来代替。e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the Peoples Republic of China was founded.几个特殊的定语从句句型：1. Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ? 2. situation后常用where,in which引导定语从句：Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word?3. way(方式，方法)后常用in which或that或省略来引导定语从句，也可省略：Do you know the way(in which/that/how) he worked out the problem?4. He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.在限制性定语从句中,如果先行词作宾语时,引导词可以省略;但引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省,同时关系代词whom不能用who替换。试比较: The American journalist (whom / who) the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters. 播音员在新闻广播中提到的那位美国记者据说已经被匪徒杀害了。He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved and respected as his own mother. 找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. He is a teacher, as is clear form his manner.2. As is known to all, water resources are very limited on the earth.3. He used such expressions as he could find in the texts.4. They stayed for the night in the same room as they had once rented5. I dont like the way he speaks.6. He is one of the students who know the Japanese.7. He is the only one of the students who knows the Japanese.一、根据句子意思， 填入介词加关系代词1. The person _ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.2. The pencil _ he was writing broke.4. The two things _ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.5. Her bag, _ she put all her books, has not been found.6. The stories about the Long March, _ this is one example, are well written.7. The ship, _ the Europeans sailed to the American continent, was called the Mayflower.8. The family _ I stayed in Rome is coming to England soon.9. He has written a book, the name _ I have completely forgotten.10. It is a family of eight children, all _ are studying music.11. Can you suggest a time _ it will be convenient to meet.12. The town, _ they came, was in the north of the province.13. The fur coat _ the lady was dressed was very expensive.14 The emperor, _ the palace was built, was very cruel.15. He had a dream _ he was taken to the amusement park.16. The money _ he bought the bike, was given by his grandfather.17. Ann White, _ we received the invitation, lives next door to us.18. The story, _ the film is based , is a true one.This is the date _ were proud of.This is the date _ he was born.I will never forget the time _ we spent together.This is the factory _ my mother works.This is the factory _ we visited last week. A. when B. where C. which D. thatI dont believe the reason _ he gave for his decision.Another reason _ he made this decision is that he had to consider the feelings of others. 1. I will never forget the day _which/that/不填_ we spent together in the countrysideI will never forget the days_during which/when_ we stayed together in the countryside2.This is the reason _that/which/不填_ they told meThis is the reason _for which/why_ he turned down the job非限制定语从句1. 逗号隔开2. 翻译成并列句，去掉之后句子完整3. 不能用that4. which 可以指代某一个先行词 也可以指代一句话He lost his book, which made his mother very angeryas在非限定性从句中的使用1. 表示正如。一样2. 替代which 放句首He must be from Africa, _which_ can be seen from his skinAs can be seen from his skin, he must be from AfricaAs is known to all, he is a heroHe is a hero, which is known to allIt is known to all that he is a heroHe has 2 sons , one of whom is a doctorHe has 2 sons and one of them is a doctorHe has 2 sons, neither of whom is a doctorHe has 2 sons, _both_ of whom are doctorsHe has 3 sons, none of whom is a doctorHe has 3 sons, all of whom are doctorsHe is one of the scientists who _are_known by the worldHe is the only one of the scientists who _is _known by the world He is such a good student that everyone likes him very much(如此以至于) He is such a person as you told meHe invited me to the party, and it is kind of himHe inviten me to the party , which is kind of him He failed in the exam, _as_ we had expected Can you see the closet _ on the top of which_ I put the flower vase? Can you see the closet _on whose top_ I put the flower vase?All (that) you need is his helpWhat you need is his helpall that= whatIs this the museum _ you visited yesterday?This is the museum that /which/不填 you visited yesterday.Is this museum _ you visited yesterday?This museum is the one that/which/不填 you visited yesterday.This is the place_in which/where_ you have worked for ten yearsThis is the place _to which _ you pay a visit last yearI will never forget the day _which/that/不填_ we spent together in the countrysideI will never forget the days_during which/when_ we stayed together in the countryside练习：1. The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2. Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 14.Im interested in _you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isnt such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I dont like _ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill. A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what 32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way _I do it. A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 34.I have two grammars, _are of great use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a