初三 定从讲义.doc

中国教育培训领军品牌环 球 雅 思 教 育 学 科 教 师 讲 义讲义编号： 副校长/组长签字： 签字日期： 学 员 编 号 ： 年 级 ： 初三 课 时 数 ：3学 员 姓 名 ： 陈梦涵 辅 导 科 目 ： 英语 学 科 教 师 ：赵文丽课 题定语从句的用法课 型 预习课 同步课 复习课 习题课课 次4授课日期及时段 2014 年 8 月 9 日 15 ：00 17 ：00 p.m. D段教 学 目 的1） 了解定语从句的定义与结构2） 掌握定语从句中关系词的分类及其基本用法3） 掌握定语从句中that与which的特殊用法重 难 点定语从句的基本用法与特殊用法教 学 内 容【基础知识网络总结与巩固】【考点直击】 1. 定语从句的基本用法，主要是依据关系词在从句中担任的成分不同而出题，每年中招考试选择 必考题型2. 定语从句的特殊用法，即何时只用that何时只用which的特殊情况，就近五年的中招试题来看对特殊用法的考查不多，但仍有出现，不容忽视一、定语从句的定义Mary who has long hair is a beautiful girl.Mary is a beautiful girl.1、定义：在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句, 即以句子的形式来修饰主句中的名词或代词 的从句. Mary has long hair. rl【小试牛刀】： 合并句子 1. The man is a farmer.2. The man is speaking at the meeting.2、 定语从句的结构1. 结构：先行词+ 关系词+定语从句定语从句结构先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫做关系词定语从句关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose关系副词：when, where, why关系词先行词定语从句Eg: The baby who is wearing red trousers is Jack.3、 定语从句的基本用法 定语从句的用法，在很大程度上即指关系词在句子中的用法。由上可知，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，下面我们就从这两方面来理解与运用它的基本用法。1. 关系代词（1） who指人, 在从句中作主语或宾语 (作宾语时可省略） Eg: A person who steals things is called a thief. The man (who) I talked with is my teacher.（2）whom指人, 在从句中作宾语 (作宾语时可省略, 但如果介词提前，则不能省) Eg: The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li. The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.（3）which 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语 (作宾语时可省略, 但如果介词提前，则不能省)，同时在非限定性从句中还可以代表前面的整个句子 Eg: These are the trees which were planted last year. This recorder (which) he is using is made in Japan. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from? Is this the library from which you borrow books?（4）as既指人也指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。 同时在非限定性定语从句中，它也和which一样可以代表前面整个句子，既可放在主句之前，又可置于主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思，且当先行次受such, the same修饰时，常用as，但当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which不用as.Eg: He married her, as/which was natural. He was honest, as/which we can see.As is known to all, china is a developing country.I have never heard such a story as he tells. This is the same book as I lost last week.Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry. (主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系)（5）that 既指人也指物，在从句中作主语或宾语 (作宾语时可省略） Eg: This is the film star who is very popular in China. (作主语) He is the man (that) I told you about.A plane is a machine that can fly.This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.（6）whose 既指人也指物，在从句中作定语，相当于先行词+s(的)，表示所述关系。Eg: I know the girl whose mother is a famous doctor.2. 关系副词（1）when 在从句中作时间状语 Eg: Ill never forget the day when we met for the first time. The story happened on the day when he was born.（2）Where 在从句中作地点状语 Eg: This is the place where I lived 5 years ago. He showed me the building where his father worked.（3）Why 在从句中作原因状语 Eg: I dont know the reason why he is always late for school. This is the reason why we must go earlier. 3. 小结关系词指代在从句中的成分关系代词who人主语、宾语（可省）whom人宾语（可省）aswhich人或物物主语、宾语主语、宾语（可省）that人或物主语、宾语（可省）whose人或物定语关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语即：先行词为人时，关系词用who, that.( 作主语) 关系词用who, whom, that 或省去.(作宾语) 关系词只用介词+ whom.(介词提前时) 先行词为物时，关系词用which, that.(作主语) 关系词用which, that 或省去.(作宾语) 关系词只用介词+ which.(介词提前时)先行词为时间、地点或原因时，要分别用关系副词when, where或why. 要用对应介词+ which.(介词提前时)附注：1） 同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时用when， 有时使用that/which。这主要看两点：一是定语从句是否完整；二是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。请比较以下句子： This is the park that we visited last year.（在从句中作宾语成分） This is the park where we held a birthday party.（在从句中作状语成分） 2）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。 Eg: The way（in which/ that）he answered the question was surprising【一辨到底】：1. The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.2. The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister. 3. October 1, 1949 is the day _ the PRC was founded. 4. The way _he looks at problems is wrong.5. My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.6. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin.7. Is this the place _ you were born?8. Is this the place _ some German friends visited last year?9. The classroom_ door is broken will soon be repaired. 10. The boy to _ John spoke is my brother.4. 定语从句的特殊用法1. 只用that的情况：（1）当先行词是是everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词时。Eg: Do you have anything that is important to tell me?（2）当先行词被few, all, none, little, any, some, no, not, every, each, much修饰时。 Eg: I have some books that are very good.（3）当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。Eg: This is the first book that I bought myself. The biggest bird that I caught is this bird. （4）当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。Eg: This is the very book that I lost yesterday.（5）当先行词又有人又有物时。Eg: I wont forget the things and the persons that I saw.（6）当主句以 who 或 which开头时，定语从句的关系词用 that, 而不用 which 或 who.Eg: Who is the girl that spoke to you just now? Which is the pen that you lost ?（7）当先行词是There be 句型中的主语且指物时。 Eg: There is little work that is fit for you.（8）当先行词作主句的表语时。 Eg: China is not the country that used to.2. 只能使用which的情况。（1）非限制性定语从句中。Eg: Mary has a book, which is very precious.（2）在介词之后。Eg: This is a house in which lives an old man.（3）主句中的主语被that修饰时。Eg: That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.【火眼金睛】:1. Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.2. Say all _ you know.3. Is there anything _ I can do for you?4. Tom has a toy, _ was given by his father.5. This is the second watch _ my father bought for me. 6. This is the only book _ I got last year.7. Is this the book in _ you are interested?8. This is the largest animal _ Tom saw in the zoo.9. There are 100 old men in the street, some of _ are drinking tea.10. Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?【重难点例题启发与方法总结】1. The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. which B. where C. what D. in which【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句的用法。句中的先行词为the place, 因为所需关系词在定语从句中作主语而 非状语，所以答案选A。2. Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句的用法。 “和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.或 Do you know the man to whom I spoke. 但由于关系词在从句中作介词to的宾语，亦可以省略，所以答案选C。3. This is the hotel _last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句的用法。where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以答案选D。本题也可以将介词提前，即转换成介词+which的形式，如：This is the hotel at which they stayed last month. 4. Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句的用法。when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，所以答案选C。本题介词提前的话，介词应用in + which，on后加时间表示具体的某一天，与题中的某一年不符。5. It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句的用法。whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句的用法。句中的先行词是物factory，且关系词在从句中作宾语，又因visit是及物动词无需介词，所以答案选C。7. The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句的用法。句中的先行词为人，work with sb.即与某人一起工作，因介词提前且关系词在句中作介词的宾语，所以答案with whom.8. Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it.A. who;/ B. /; whom C. whom; / D./; who【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句的用法。先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.9. My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them.A. who B. which C. that D. it 【答案】B【解析】考查非限定性定语从句的用法。非限制性定语从句中常用which引导, which表示前句话的整个含义. 10. I like the second football match _ was held last week. A. which B. who C. that D. / 【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句的特殊用法。当先行词被形容词的最高级、序数词修饰时，关系词只能用that.【重难点关联练习巩固与方法总结】1. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that2. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. there3. It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose4. He is interested in _you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which5.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as6. That is the day _Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when7. There is the only one thing _ I can do. A. what B. that C. all D. which 8. Who can think of a situation _ this idiom can be used? A. which B. that C. where D. in that 9. Is that the reason _ you are in favor of the proposal? A. which B. what C. why D. for that 10. He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what11.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who12.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who13. Its the third time _ late this month. A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived 14. I lost a book, _I cant remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that15.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what16.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him17. I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when18. He isnt such a man _he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as 19.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which20.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked afterkeys:1. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语.2. A. where 作关系副词在从句中作状语.3. D. 先行词为anyone, whose在从句中作定语修饰family.4. A. that引导定语从句, 因为先行词是all, 所以只能选用that引导.5. D. the same.as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时, 可以作主语、宾语或表语. 在本句话中, as作从句的主语.6. A. 主句中的主语为that或被that修饰时, 定语从句中的关系代词只能用which.7. B. 当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时, 关系代词只能用that.8. C. 先行词为situation，关系代词在从句中作状语，所以用where. 9. C. 先行词为reason, 关系副词why在从句中作原因状语。10. B. 先行词既指人又指物时，关系代词只能用that.11. D. 先行词是my sister，关系词在从句中作主语且有逗号隔开，所以选D.12. C. 考查介词+ 关系代词的用法，因先行词为workers, 所以whom 作介词of的宾语.13. C. 当先行词被序数词修饰时，关系代词用that，又因为来晚这种状态是从过去持续到现在，且有可能继续持续，所以用一般完成时。14. A. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which15. A. for which 引导定语从句, 使用介词for, 是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for 以.而闻名.16. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.17. A. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词, 但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语, 因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.18. D. such as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时, 可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.19. D. for which在定语从句中作原因状语, 可用why 来替代.20. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句.【课后强化巩固练习与方法总结】1. The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill.A. why; that B.that; why C. for that; that D.for which; what2.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam.A. that B.which C.for which D.who3.That is not the way _I do it.A. / B.which C.for which D.with which4.I have two grammars, _are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which5.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which6. Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked7.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 8.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as 9. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose 10. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though 11. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew.A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 12. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 13. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 14. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 15. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it 16. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house.A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 17. Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.Awhich B. / C. that D.what18. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected.A. as B. that C. what D. who 19. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 20. The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice. A. at