高考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解 环境保护类提分训练（真题集锦含解析）新人教版(1).doc

环境保护类passage 1 （2011广东卷d）in a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. people now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的) ways. that means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. in other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources. today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries. according to a recent study, the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decade. china, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution. it is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. in addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil (棕榈油), which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. in recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%. governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. first, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. besides, stronger management of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. finally, governments can avoid the huge public expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from traditional model to a sustainable one.the major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of a growing population within the limits of this single planet. that is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.41. the traditional business model is harmful because of all the following except that _.a. it makes the world warmer b. it consumes natural resourcesc. it brings severe damage to forests d. it makes growth hard to continue42. what can we infer from paragraph 2?a. china lacks wind and solar energy. b. china is the leader of the low-carbon market.c. high-speed trains are a low-carbon development. d. palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests.43. to fully develop the low-carbon markets, government can _.a. cut public expenses b. forbid carbon emission c. develop public resources d. encourage energy conservation44. we can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to _.a. develop sustainable products b. explore new natural resourcesc. make full use of natural resources d. deal with the major challenge45. what is the main purpose of the passage?a. to introduce a new business model. b. to compare two business models.c. to predict a change of the global market. d. to advocate sustainable development.【文章大意】人类传统的产业发展模式对地球的环境造成了严重的危害，森林减少、全球变暖等环境问题愈发严重。人类目前既面临着巨大的挑战，更把握着无尽的发展机遇。本篇文章便为我们介绍了可持续发展的产业模式并阐述了政府如何开拓低碳市场的发展计划。41.【解析】选b。细节理解题。通读第一段我们可以了解到传统产业模式（traditional business model）的发展危害包括森林数量的减少、全球气候变暖并且不利于可持续发展，囊括了选项a、c、d内容，选项b的内容（传统发展模式消耗自然资源）不属于其危害，因而选择b。42.【解析】选c。推理判断题。从china, for example, which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest.可以看出，中国使用风能和太阳能是为了节能减排，并不是缺乏，排除a选项；has set its mind on及hoping暗示出中国要在节能减排方面领先，并不是已经走在了前面，排除b；从which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest.一句看出d项错误。从.and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains.暗示出c选项正确。43.【解析】选d。第三段详尽地列举了政府加快低碳市场发展的措施，其中包括设定较高的碳排放减排目标与节能目标；加强公共自然资源筹划；减少错误方案所带来的巨额公共开支。由此可以看出选项a、b、c观点单一，选项d具有概括性。44.【解析】选a。推理判断题。通过最后一段末句 “that is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries”可以知道答案选择a。45.【解析】选d。作者意图题。全文主体的重点是呼吁人类建立一种可持续发展的产业模式，实现可持续发展，而并非简单地介绍一种产业模式或比较两种产业模式的差异，更不是预测全球市场的改变，因而排除选项a、b、c。d选项中“advocate”意为“提倡、主张”。passage 2 （2011重庆卷 e）skeptics are a strange lot. some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them. those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment. the “eco-guilt”brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.perhaps that explains why a new book by bjorn lomborg received so much publicity. that book. the skeptical environmentalist, declares that it measures the “real state of the world” as fine. of course , another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests. indeed, mr. lomborgs views are similar to those of some industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.so it was strange to see mr. lomborgs book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. one national newspaper in canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “after lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.”such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. but only a different review appeared in nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. the review remarked that mr. lomborgs “preference for unexamined materials is incredible（不可信的）”.a critical （批判的）eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests. people might become half-blind before a world partially exhibited by the media. thats a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.72. according to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics”?a. people who agree on the popularity of “eco-guilt”.b. people who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.c. people who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.d. people who spread comforting news to protect our environment.73. which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of lomborgs book?a. some big businesses intend to protect their own interests. b .the book challenges views about the fine state of the world.c. the author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews.d. industryfunded media present confusing information.74. the author mentioned the review in nature in order to_.a. voice a different opinionb. find fault with lomborgs book c. challenge the authority of the mediad. point out the value of scientific views75. what is the authors main purpose in writing the passage?a. to encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.b. to warn the public of the danger of halfblindness with reviews.c. to blame the medias lack of responsibility in presenting information.d. to show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.【文章大意】本文为议论文，讲述了由于利益因素出现了一种与社会主流不一致的对地球环境状况的看法。72.【解析】选b。细节理解题。由第一段skeptics are a strange lot. some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment可知选b。73.【解析】选a。推理判断题。由第二段of course ,another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special intererts.可知，商家为了自己的利益而不愿承认人类活动对环境造成的危害，故选a。74.【解析】选a。细节理解题。由倒数第二段such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. but only a different review appeared in nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership.可知a项正确。75.【解析】选d。主旨大意题。文章讲述了媒体不应该只报道片面之词，而应该进行全面报道，故选d。passage 3 （2011湖北卷 c）in todays throw- away society, dealing with the citys growing mountain of waste is an increasing challenge for the city council(市议会). recently, edinburgh is faced with the problem of disposing of (处理)about 250,000 million tons of waste a year. despite different ways to dispose of much of it in a green manner-largely through encouraging recyclingits aging facilities such as the powderhall landfill do not have the ability to deal with it. the european union (eu) has issued a new policy, regulating how such mountains of waste are to be disposed of. the five councils (edinburgh, east lothian,west lothian, midlothian and borders) face fines around 18 million a year from 2013 if they dont increase recycling levels and rely less on landfill. with this in mind, the councils got together with the idea of building a large incinerator plant (垃圾焚烧厂)to burn half of the waste produced in their districts. but this plan fell apart after the change of target levels by a new uk government waste policy which required that no more than 25% of the citys waste should be disposed of in this way by 2025.after the plan was abandoned, a private company which already transported millions of tons of the citys waste by train to a landfill site near dunbar, offered an alternative solution when it suggested opening a huge waste site near portobello.since powderhall is supposed to close in 2015, it seemed necessary for the members of the edinburgh council to accept the suggestion. but soon they turned it downafter 700 local objections reached thembecause it would have meant hundreds of lorries a day making loud noise through heavily populated areas.that still leaves the council with a problem. by 2013, only 50% of 1995 levels of waste will be allowed to be sent to landfill. even if recycling targets are met, there will still be a large amount of rubbish to be burnt up. due to this, edinburgh and midlothian councils have now decided to work together to build an incinerator plant as time to find a solution is fast running out.59. the main way of handling waste in a green manner in edinburgh is_.a. recycling b. restoring c. burying d. burning60. the five councils worked out a plan to build an incinerator plant to_.a. reduce the cost of burying waste b. mee