第三十三章 倒装句.doc

第三十三章 倒装句 学习指南 牢记：1）局部倒装的原因，形式如何？ 原因：句中含有否定词。否定词包括：否 定副词、否定连词或否定介词短语。 形式：否定词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语 2）完全倒装的原因和形式如何？ 原因：1）主语部分过长；2）上下文需要紧凑衔接； 3）表示地点的介词短语置于句首。 形式：1）状语 + 谓语 + 主语。 2）表语 + 谓语 + 主语。 释：否定副词是指含有否定意义的副词；否定连 词和否定介词短语是指含有否定词的连词和 含有否定词的介词短语。 倒装句在英语中的应用非常广泛，它是英语学习的一个重点， 同时也是一个难点。根据在句中的表现，倒装句可以分为两大类： 局部倒装和完全倒装。为了便于记忆，我主要从两个方面进行论 述，其余情况列入附加说明： 局部倒装 1、原因：句中含有否定词。否定词包括：否定副词、否定连词 或否定介词短语。 2、形式：否定词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语 3、否定词包括：1）否定副词：（共9个） hardly（几乎不）scarcely（几乎不）little（几乎不） rarely（很少）seldom（很少）barely（几乎没有） never（从不）not（没有）nowhere（不处） 2）否定连词：（共6个） no sooner-than（一-就-）hardly-when（一-就-） scarcely-when（一-就-）not until-（在-之后） neither-nor-（既不-也不）not only(but) also（不但-而且） 3) 否定介词短语：（共6个） in no way（决不）in no case（决不） at no time（决不）on no occasion（决不） by no means（决不）in no circumstances（决不） on no account（决不）under no circumstances（决不） 说明：上述否定介词短语均有“决不”的意思，而且均含有一个“no”。 除上述意思外，at no time（任何时候都不）；in no case（任何情 况都不）；in no circumstances（任何情况都不）；on no occasion （任何场合都不）；under no circumstances（任何情况下都不）。4、举例： 1）否定副词： Never shall I forgive you all my life. 我一辈子都不会原谅你。 Little did I think that I would become a doctor. 我几乎没有想过自己能成为医生。 Nowhere shall I go during the summer vacation. 暑假我哪里都不去。 Scarcely dare I believe that she is our teacher . 我几乎不敢相信她就是我们的老师。 2）否定连词： Neither his father nor him do I know at present. 目前我既不认识他，也不认识他的父亲。 Not only did he save me, but also gave me some money home. 他不仅救了我，而且给了我一些回家的路费。 Not until he arrived at midnight did it begin raining. 直到他半夜回来后，天才开始下雨。 No sooner had she got there than the film began. 她一到那里，电影就开始放映了。 3）否定介词短语： By no means can I allow this continuing. 我决不允许这种情况继续下去。 At no time do we stop studying. 我们任何时候都不能停止学习。 Under no circumstances can you admit that you are my son. 在任何情况下你都不能承认你是我的儿子。 Not until several months later did the whole truth come out. 直到几个月之后才真相大白。 释：当nor, neither, neither-nor- 或not only-but also-连接 主语时，句子不能倒装。原因是：助动词无法置于主语之前。 Neither of us attended the meeting. 我们俩都没有参加会议。 Neither he nor I am a doctor. 他和我都不是医生。 Not only Tom but also Smith helped me. Tom和Smith都帮了我。 5、附加说明： 除上述情况外，下列五种情况也必须进行局部倒装： 1）句首为only, often, always, many a time（许多次）和now and then（不时地）等频度状语时，必须进行局部倒装。其目 的是：强调句中的频度状语。此外，当well置于句首时也要 进行局部倒装。 例如：Only in the library can you find her this month. 本月你只能在图书馆找到她。 Many a time has he offered me good chances. 他已经给我提供了多次好机会。 Often does he sleep in the open air. 他常常在野外露宿。 Now and then did she look back in the darkness. 在黑暗中，她不时地往后看。 Well do I remember that he was a blind man. 我清楚地记得他当时是一个盲人。 2）当句中含有so-that或such-that时，也可以进行局部倒装， 以示强调。 例如：So late did I get up today that I missed the bus. 今天我起床晚了, 所以错过了那趟公共汽车。 Such a bad night is it that I decide to stay at home. 今晚天气很糟，所以我决定呆在家里。 释：当so-that或such-that连接的句子进行局部倒装时， 必须将so或such所修饰的词一起置于句首。 3）为了避免重复，可以将so（也），nor（也不）或neither（也不） 置于句首，实行局部倒装，注意：so, nor或neither后的助动词， 必须与前一句的助动词保持一致。 例如：She is not a doctor. Neither am I. She will go to the cinema tonight. So will he. 释：当前句的主语和后句的主语相同时，后句不能倒装，但 有强调的含义，即“是的，确实是”。例如： He is an experienced teacher. So he is. 他是一位有经验的教师。是的，确实是。 It was very cold yesterday, So it was. 昨天天气很冷。是的，确实是。 4）如果虚拟条件句中含有“were, should或had”，那么可以 进行局部倒装，将if省去。 例如：Were I a doctor, I would go with you. 如果我是一位医生，我就跟你去。 Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我就呆在家里。 Had he not helped me, Id not have made so great progress. 如果没有他的帮忙，我不可能取得如此大的进步。 5）当情态动词may放在句首表示“祝愿”时，也要进行局部倒装。 例如：May you have a happy birthday. 祝你生日快乐。 May you become a doctor someday. 祝你将来成为一位博士。完全倒装1、原因：1）主语部分过长；2）上下文需要紧凑衔接； 3）表示地点的介词短语置于句首。 2、形式：1) 状语 + 谓语 + 主语 2) 表语 + 谓语 + 主语3、举例：Eating is the last thing that I can do. 我能做的最后一件事就是吃。（原因1） Happy is he who has passed the exam. 他很高兴，因为他已经通过这次考试。（原因1） Quite obvious is the fact that she died of a heart disease. 她死于心脏病是很明显的事情。（原因1） Out rushed a man with a gun in his hand. 一个手里拿着枪的男人冲了出来。（原因1） Housework involves many things at home. Among them are washing, mopping, cooking and feeding babies etc. 家务涉及家里很多事情，其中有洗衣、擦地、煮饭和 喂小孩等等。（同时含原因1和原因2） Such is our teacher, a very kind woman.（原因1） 我们的老师，一位非常慈祥的女人，就是这类人。 There are two young girls sitting on the sofa. = On the sofa are sitting two young girls. 沙发上坐着两位年轻的姑娘。（原因3） The following names may be added to the list. = To the list may be added the following names . 名单上可以添加下列名字。（原因3） Some strange footprints were found on the winding path. = On the winding path were found some strange footprints. 在羊肠小道上发现了一些奇怪的脚印。（原因3） Two old men were sitting under the tree playing chess. = Under the tree were sitting two old men playing chess. 两位老人正坐在那棵树底下下棋。（原因3） The door was opened, and a man in black uniform was standing in the middle of the room. =The door was opened, and in the middle of the room was standing a man in black uniform. （原因3） 门打开了，房子中间站着一位穿着黑色制服的男人。 The statue to the hero stands on one side of the square. = On one side of the square stands the statue to the hero. 广场的一边竖立着一蹲英雄的雕像。（原因3） 释：划线部分的介词短语，均为地点状语。 4、附加说明： 完全倒装，除上述三种原因外，还包括下面二种情况： 1）当句首为here, there, hence, thus, then等副词时，则 要进行完全倒装。不过，须符合下面二个条件： A. 谓语动词是be, go, live, come, exist, follow, seem或remain等动词。 B. 句中的主语是名词。 例如：Here comes the bus公共汽车来了。 There lived a king. 过去那里生活着一位国王。 Then came in the man. 然后那个人就进来了。 Thus remained the boy only. 因而仅剩下那个男孩。 2）当方位副词置于句首时，必须进行完全倒装。 方位副词包括：in, out, up, down, off或away等。 谓语的形式为：谓语是表示位置转移的动词。 例如：Away ran the thief with a sharp knife. 小偷手里握着尖刀逃走了。 Down jumped the robber from the tree suddenly. 强盗突然从树上跳了下来。 In came the girl with her teacher. 女孩和她的老师一起走了进来。 Up the river will sail the ship with 100 passengers. 这艘装有100个乘客的船将开往河的上游。 说明： 在这种结构中，如果句中主语为代词，则不能倒装。 Away ran he when he saw the policeman.（错误） Away he ran when he saw the policeman.（正确） He ran away when he saw the policeman.（正确） 他见到警察就跑开了。复习与检测I. Answer the following questions in Chinese orally: 1、倒装句有哪两种？引起它们倒装的原因和形式如何？ 2、局部倒装和完全倒装各有几种例外情况？ 3、“频度状语”置于句首，必须进行完全倒装；而“方位副词” 置于句首，则须进行局部倒装。对吗？ 4、当here, there, thus, hence 和then置于句首时，必须进行局部 倒装。对吗？ 5、下面两个句子的倒装形式不同，为什么？ Here you are. Here is the book. 6、Neither-nor 和not only-but also连接主语时能否倒装？为什么？ II. Turn the following sentences into inverted ones and then explain the reasons which cause inversions: （将下列句子转化为倒装句，并说明引起倒装的原因） 1. I have never seen him so happy. 2. She seldom comes to see me recently. 3. He has a chance to visit Japan only recently. 4. A war between China and Vietnam thus broke out. 5. He did not write a single paper the whole term. 6. She not only passed the exam but got a high mark. 7. He realized only then that he used to swim in this river. 8. I met Tom only once in New York, the United States. 9. She had no sooner entered the house than the police came. 10. You can only solve the problem in this way. 11. The boss cannot stand the rudeness on any account. 12. You can on no account give up the study abroad. 13. My sister will not work for the employer any more. 14. The girl will not leave her family for anything. 15. Chinese silk is not famous for nothing in the world. 16. He is such a man that he is ready to do anything for others. 17. He at no time admitted he had killed the guy from Taiwan. 18. Many problems that we cannot solve lie ahead of us. 19. The life of the people returning from abroad is also described. 20. We should neither depend entirely on the people we know. 21. We shall support Jane under no circumstances. 22. I often warn my son not to go swimming alone. 23. You can get the ticket only when you are at the station. 24. The plane is flying higher and higher in the sky. 25. The car had barely stopped when the police surrounded it. 26. Our grandfather, a very kind old man, is such. 27. The question is so difficult that I cannot answer it. 28. China has never been united before as it is today. 29. He little suspects that she can control this firm. 30. The door opened and an old man stood inside the room. 31. He not only beat me, but also gave me nothing to eat. 32. The nurse was not only competent but also kind. 33. He not only taught at school, but also wrote novels. 34. Rust not only corrodes metal, but also weakens it. 35. That is neither his nor mine. Keys to Exercise II 1. Never have I seen him so happy. 2. Seldom does she come to see me recently. 3. Only recently does he have a chance to visit Japan. 4. Thus broke out a war between China and Vietnam. 5. Not a single paper did he write the whole term. 6. Not only did she pass the exam but also got a high mark. 7. Only then did he realize that he used to swim in this river. 8. Only once did I meet Tom in New York, the United States. 9. No sooner had she entered the house than the police came. 10. Only in this way can you solve the problem. 11. Not on any account can the boss stand the rudeness. 12. On no account can you give up the study abroad. 13. Not any more will my sister work for the employer. 14. Not for anything will the girl leave her family. 15. Not for nothing is Chinese silk famous in the world. 16. Such a man is he that he is ready to do anything for others. 17. At no time did he admit he had killed the guy from Taiwan. 18. Ahead of us lie many problems that we cannot solve. 19. Also described is the life of the people returning from abroad. 20. Neither should we depend entirely on the people we know. 21. Under no circumstances shall we support Jane. 22. Often do I warn my son not to go swimming alone. 23. Only when you are at the station can you get the ticket. 24. Higher and higher is the plane flying in the sky. 25. Barely had the car stopped when the police surrounded it. 26. Such is our grandfather, a very kind old man. 27. So difficult is the question that I cannot answer it. 28. Never before has China been united as it is today. 29. Little does he suspect that she can control this firm. 30. The door opened and inside the room stood an old man. 31. Not only did he beat me, but also gave me nothing to eat. 32. Not only was the nurse competent but also kind. 33. Not only did he teach at school, but also wrote novels. 34. Not only does rust corrode metal, but also weakens it. 35. Neither is that his, nor is that mine. 说明：黑体字部分为引起倒装的原因。 III. Correct the mistakes in the following sentences by using the relating knowledge of inverted sentences: （用倒装句的相关知识，改正下面句中的错误） 1. So fast do light travel that we find it hard to imagine its speed. 2. Little we knew that she is a spy from the United States. 3. Scarcely he had found her when he phoned the police. 4. Has he worked hard, he could have passed the examination. 5. Shall it rain tomorrow, we would cancel the sports meet. 6. Is there no steel, there would be no modern industry. 7. Gases have no shape. Nor they have a definite volume. 8. Sitting under the tree is two old man playing chess attentively. 9. Killed by the hunter are nothing but a cat with two heads. 10. More is important the question of how to face the possibility of injury, illness, death and financial loss. 11. Under the arm is some books which he has just borrowed. 12. In the middle of the room sitting are four men playing cards. 13. Gone is the days when we were young, innocent and happy. 14. Rush out a dog from the house which has been idle for ages. 15. Not even once I have seen such a black guy from Africa. 16. Went away the old man with a bag of food on his shoulder. 17. Jumped down the thief from the roof when the police arrived. 18. Not until recently I know that she died in a plane accident. 19. Barely he has loaded his luggage on the bus when it started off. 20. Cold was as it outside, we still went to school on time. 21. There still exists wars in this world where we are living today. 22. Sleepy though was I, I still went on studying until midnight. 23. There seem to be a thief inside the room over there. 24. At no time you should touch those running machines. 25. There appear to have been a foolish mistake in my article. 26. Disabled although he was, he tried to help others in trouble. 27. A child as he is, he knows how to deal with strange people. 28. A peace lover though I am, I cant control myself in irritation. 29. There are something wrong with the electronic computer. 30. He not only complained about the food, but also refused to pay for it. Keys to Exercise III 1. So fast does light travel that we find it hard to imagine its speed. 2. Little did we know that she is a spy from the United States. 3. Scarcely had he found her when he phoned the police. 4. Had he worked hard, he could have passed the examination. 5. Should it rain tomorrow, we would cancel the sports meet. 6. Were there no steel, there would be no modern industry. 7. Gases have no definite shape. Nor do they have a definite volume. 8. Sitting under the tree are two old man playing chess attentively. 9. Killed by the hunter was nothing but a cat with t