考研英语词汇及长难句突破.doc

第一编 词汇记忆方法一、合成词二、常见词缀：三、常见词根及构词pos = put 放置pose, position, expose, exposure, compose, composition, propose, proposal, oppose,opposition, impose, dispose, disposal, prepositiontract = draw 拉，抽，引tractor, attract, attraction, attractive, distract, subtract, contract, abstract, drag, draw, straight, straighten, stretchsec, sequ = follow 跟随 second, secondary, sequence, subsequent, consequence, consequentlyvid, vis, vey, vy = see 看 visible, vision, visibility, invisible, visual, video, videophone, revise, revision, supervise, supervision, evident, evidence, visitspect=look 看 spectator, spectacle, spectacular, prospect, inspect, inspection, expect, expectation, respect, respectable, respectful, respective, respected, suspect, suspicion, specific, despitemob, mov, mot = move动 mobile, mobility, mobilize, automobile, motion, motive, motivate, motivation, motor, move, promote, promotion, emote, remoteced, ceed, cess , gress = go, walk 行走 precede, proceed, procedure, process, exceed, excess, excessive, succeed, success, successful, succession, successive, successor, access, accessible, progress, congress, regress, aggressiverupt=break破 bankrupt, interrupt, corrupt, disrupt, eruptmini, min = small, little 小 miniskirt, minimize, minimum, minus, minute, minority, diminishscrib, scrip 写，记，抄 describe, description, script, manuscript, prescribe, prescriptiondict, dic = say 言，说 diction, dictionary, contradict, dictate, dictation, dictator, predict, prediction, predictable, indicate, verdictmiss, mit = send 投，送，发 mission, missile, dismiss, dismissal, transmit, transmission, emit, emission, promise, compromise, committee, commissionport = carry 拿，带，运portable, import, export, transport, report, supportleg, legis 法 legal, legalize, illegal, legislate, legislation, legislaturesolu, solv 洗，溶解 solution, solve, resolve, resolution, dissolvepress 压 impress, impression, express, suppress, depressviv, vit=live活：live, living, lively, survive, livelihood, alive, revive, vivid, vital, vitamincount=number: account, accountant, discount, number, numeral, numerous, innumerableag=act 行动，做：action, exactly, react, interact, transact, radioactive, agent, agenda, agency, fac(t)=make做，作，制造：facility, factory, faculty, affect, defect, infect, perfect, efficient, fiction, artificial, proficiency, feasiblesign=mark记号，信号：remark, signal, signature, design, designate, significance, resigndu, doub, coup=two二：dual, double, doubtful, couple, dubious, duplicate, dualspher=ball球：balloon, ballot, hemisphere, atmospherepopul, publ=people人：popular, public, publicity, republic, publish, republican, population, men, min=mind心灵，精神：mind, remind, mention, mental, comment, memory, memorial, remember, commemoratestruct=build建造：construct, instruct, obstruct, destruction, destroyfund, found=base基础：basement, basis, foundation, profound, fund, refund, fundamental part=divide分，分开：dividend, individual, particle, participate, particular, partner, apart, counterpart, depart, impartial, department, party, apartment, compartmentpend,pens-hang悬挂：dependent, independence, append, appendix, suspend, pensionduc(t)=lead引导：conduct, deduct, misconduct, educate, induce, introduce, produce, reduce, oper=work工作：operate, cooperate, operaven,vent=come来：venture, adventure, avenue, convention, invent, eventually, prevent, intervenevoc,vok=claim呼喊，叫喊，声音：proclaim, reclaim, exclaim, advocate, provoke, vocal, voice, sect=cut切，割：section, segment, intersection, sectorgrat, grac, gree=please高兴，感激：grace, grateful, gratitude, congratulation, agree, agreeable, greet, pleasure, pleasant, disagreevail, val=worth价值：worth, worthy, worthwhile, available, prevail, value, valid, validity, valve, evaluate, equivalentpel, peal, puls=drive驱动：appeal, compel, compulsion, compulsory, propel, pulse, impulsealter改变；aptitude能力；disastrous灾难的；banish放逐; combat战斗；calculate推算；excavate挖掘；accelerate加速；certify证明; coincide, concur同时发生；circulate循环，流通；declination倾斜，下垂；discord不和；durability耐久性；equilibrium平衡，均势; diffident缺乏自信的；domain领地; infinity无限性；afflict使苦恼，折磨；formulate构思，规划；fortify, reinforce加强; frigid寒冷的；fuse熔化，融合；geometry几何；congest拥塞，充满；degrade降级，堕落；heredity遗传；hinder阻碍；hydraulics水利学；transit转移；junction连接点；collaborate合作；elapse流逝; latitude纬度；alleviate减轻; magnify放大；manipulate操纵；submerge/immerse沉没；symmetry对称; eminent杰出的；negligible可以忽略的；notorious臭名昭著的；optimum最佳条件, demography四、有意义的字母组合：st-不动，立：stand, stop, stay, state, station, stable, steady, establish, instance, standard, statistics, statue, stereo, stare, static, stationary, stereotype, still, destination, destine, destiny, stone, stubborn, rest, install, staunch, constant, steel, stiff, obstacle, stale, stall, stain, stick, start, stun, startle, astonish, stupid, stuffy (40)sti-刺，尖：stick, sticky, stimulate, stitch, instinct, sting, stir, (大纲全部)fl-流动：flow, float, flu, flood, influence, fluctuate, fluid, flush, fluent, fleet, flute, flux, flag, fl-闪动的光，植物：flash, flame, flare, flower, flourishfl-空中的动作：fly, flee, flight, flap, flutter, flingflat, flatter, flesh, flavor, flexible,（大纲全部）gl-不动的光/亮：glance, glimpse, glare, glamour, glass, glorious, glory, glow, gloomy, gloss, glittergl, sl-滑动：glide, glove, globe, global, glue （大纲全部）slip, slipper, slippery, slide, slit, slope, sledge, slycr-碎，裂：crack, crash, crisp, crush, crisis, critical, crazy, cracker, crumb-ap-拟声：flap, clap, tap, slap, rapbreak-crash, clash, smash, splash, -ump笨重的动作：bump, thump, thumb, stumble, plump, hump, clumsy, dump, lump, slump, plumb, -atter-细碎的动作：batter, chatter, clatter, shatter, scatter, -ash-猛烈的动作：flash, splash, clash, dash, slash, crash, smash, -are-强烈的光：flare, glare, staresn-鼻子的出气声：sniff, sneeze, snore, snuff, snotspr-传播，洒，喷：spread, sprinkle, spraytw-二：two, between, twilight, twelve, twin, twice, twenty, twinkle wr, tw-扭曲，卷绕：wrap, wreck, wreath, wrestle, wrench, wrinkle, wrist, wrong, wretchedsw-水，洗：swim, sweat, sweater, swan, sweep, swing swift, sway, switch, sword, swarmh-象征沉重：heavy, haste, hurry, heave, hop, hunt, hurli-表示小：mini-, sip, chick, chip, nibble, tiny, slip, slit, dripm-象征低沉声：hum, moan, mumble, murmur, mutterr-：表示粗糙、削利、重浊的声音：grunt, rattle, roar, cry, croak, creak, rumble, crunch, crack, scrape, rip, scream, scratchs, z, sh-象征寂静和蛇等动物嗖艘爬的声音：hiss, brush, silence, rustle, snake, zip, buzz, hush, whisper五、同义记忆大：large, big, great, enormous, huge, tremendous, gigantic, massive, immense, grand, titanic, gross小：small, little, tiny, minute, petite, microscopic, subtle 减（数量、程度）：decrease, diminish, decline, lessen, reduce, cut down on客观的：objective, impartial, impersonal, unbiased, disinterested错误：disadvantage, defect, short-coming, drawback, fault, mistake, deficiency, weakness, slip, blunder立刻、马上：directly, immediately, presently, promptly, instantly, quickly, abruptly, suddenly, swiftly明显的：obvious, evident, apparent, plain, clear主要的：principal, chief, main, leading, dominant, foremost, prominent, essential热情的：enthusiastic, zealous, earnest, eager, passionate, warm暂时的：transient, temporary, momentary, passing粗鲁的：rude，crude，gross，coarse，rough，wild，reckless不正常的，反常的：deviant，irregular ，unnatural，odd，queer，weird, abnormal使用：use，apply，utilize，employ，avail，exploit, take advantage of, make use of, resort to, adopt积累，堆积：amass，collect，gather，heap，hoard, pile up, build up恶化，加重，加剧: aggravate, worsen, intensify, deteriorate, weaken苦恼，痛苦：agony， torture，torment，anguish，suffering，misery，pain，wrench，distress， adversity，hardship获得，得到：attain，obtain，achieve，acquire，gain，secure摇晃：shake, quiver, tremble, vibrate, rock, roll, quake六、反义记忆establish-abolish, destroyabsurd-sensibleadvance-retreatattach-detachincrease-decreaseclarify-confusecontract-expandcrazy-rationalattack-defendgloomy-delightfulinclude-excludepropose-opposelasting-temporaryguilty-innocentprevious-subsequentnatural-artificialancient-moderntragedy-comedycomplicate-simplifyconcentrate-distractdynamic-static七、归类记忆天文、宇宙：equator, fossil, galaxy, gravity, horizon, meteor, ozone, parallel, planet, satellite, space, star, moon, lunar, comet, sun, solar, Neptune地区、地域、地貌: continent, province, capital, county, basin, valley, desert, plain, plateau, elevation, highland, lowland, latitude, bay, gulf, cape, beach, port, harbor, strait, channel, canal, river, stream, brook, pond, pool, cave, cliff, slope, mountain, hill, forest, woods, jungle, delta, field, lawn, marsh, peninsula, pit, 数学：arithmetic， fraction，decimal，function，power，remainder，complement，sequence，tolerance，probability，square root，geometry，plane geometry，parallel，addition，subtraction，multiplication, division, mean，average, axis, center, core, coordinate, curve, vertical, square, triangle, sphere, diameter, radius, dimension, area, cubic, angle, equation, ratio, proportion, cone, pyramid, volume, diamond道路：bypass，sidewalk，pavement，path，trail，lane，passage，route，aisle，overpass， free way，flyover，underpass，zebra crossing箱柜：cabinet，locker，closet，chest，drawer，wardrobe，dresser，cupboard，trunk，safe蔬菜：turnip，carrot，cabbage，onion，cucumber，pepper，garlic，tomato，potato，melon, pumpkin, mushroom, garlic, carrot, bean, pepper, pea, ginger交通工具：ambulance, lorry, automobile, van, truck, fire engine, cable car, sports car, cart, tram, trolley, bus, minibus, coach, shuttle bus, double decker, car, limousine, sedan, cab, taxi, jeep , locomotive, motorcycle, vehicle, steamer, liner机械：turbine，engine，elevator，punch，refrigerator，generator，press，motor，projector，crane，clutch，pulse，pump，tackle气候：hail，mist，haze，smog，fog，frost，dew，typhoon, hurricane, breeze, cyclone, tornadowindstorm, sandstorm, freeze, centigrade, temperature, thermometer, rain, snow, shower, drizzle, wind, cloudy, overcast, frigid, temperate, mild, (sub)tropical文艺：rhythm, melody, note, lyric, beat, tempo, rhyme, tune, scale, tone, volume, harmony, chorus, solo, composition, jazz, ballet, dance, sing, opera, instrument, march, music, song, symphony, verse, waltz, playwright, perform, stage, scene, clown, actor, director, line, novel, poem, poetry, prose, essay, literature, episode, story, drama, character, plot, fiction, detective, disc, fable, biography, curtain, drum, organ, horn, violin, pipe, piano, guitar, wind, string, flute, reed, cast, rehearsal学科：natural science/engineering/medicine/humanities/social science/liberal arts: sociology, agriculture, arithmetic, anthropology, aesthetics, accounting, architecture, astronomy, automation, biology, business, commerce, geology, geography, psychology, physiology, genetics, ecology, electronics, engineering, ethics, economy, forestry, geometry, history, mathematics, chemistry, physics, medicine, pharmacy, dentistry, surgery, mechanics, optics, photography, logic, diplomacy, administration, management, literature, linguistics, philosophy, poetry, Portuguese, Spanish, finance, religion, politics, zoology, journalism, statistics, gymnastics, public relations, human resources, nutritional science, marketing, biochemistry, telecommunication等职业/身份：accountant, attorney, amateur, ambassador, announcer, associate, astronaut, astronomer, athlete, attendant, (auto)biographer, consultant, coach, cameraman, candidate, journalist, librarian, colleague/associate, cashier, conductor, dealer, agent, diplomat, executive, fireman, mechanic, merchant, spectator, physician, surgeon, dentist, spokesman, sponsor, principal, retailer, stewardess, technician, receptionist, volunteer, undergraduate, freshman, sophomore, junior, senior, undergraduate, bachelor, master, postgraduate学校生活：freshmen, sophomore, junior, senior, undergraduate, postgraduate, semester, academic year, credit, tuition, specialty/discipline, major, minor, seminar, lecture, tutorial, enroll in/register/take a course, essay, assignment, term paper, research/course paper, thesis, defend ones thesis, graduation field work毕业实习, graduation project毕业设计，commencement/graduation ceremony毕业典礼，certificate, diploma, degree, grant, scholarship, fellowship, assistantship, degree requirement, Bachelors/Masters/Doctors degree, course load, department, faculty members, professor, assistant/associate professor, instructor/lecturer, dean, president, dormitory, librarian, disciplines, pre-sessional, prerequisite, selective/elective/optional/required/compulsory, make-up exam, curriculum, School of Economics, graduate school, advisor, supervisor, tutor, part-time job, lecture hall, auditorium, gymnasium/gym, office hours办公时间, orientation program熟悉/认识环境爱好、体育运动：track: jogging, dash, race, relay, marathon, power-walking, hurdlesfield: discus, javelin, shot put, high/long jump, pole vaultingindividual/team sports: gymnastics, shooting, weightlifting, bowling, golf, diving, skiing, skating, figure/speed/roller skating, hiking, surfing, wrestling, rock-climbing, sailing, fishingballgames: basketball, football, soccer, volleyball, handball, baseball, cricket, tennis, badminton, ice hockey, water polo计量单位；时间；颜色；人体部位；动物；植物；花、鸟、鱼、虫；衣物、鞋帽；职业、职务；烟、酒、食品、饮料；瓜果；调味品；食物；家居用品；场所、建筑；材料；文具；学科；学校、师生；计算机、网络；物理、化学、生物、影视、广播；戏剧、；写作、绘画；报刊；邮电、通讯；体育、竞赛；宗教；经济；法律；政治、战争等等。八、词组记忆1. combat, combine, communicate, compare, compete, comply, collide, concern, connect, contact, contradict, contrast, consistent, cooperate, correspond2. supply, furnish, provide, equip3. satisfied, pleased, delighted, angry, furious, annoyed, bored, disgusted, patient, friendly, frank, generous, popular4. take, hand , turn, run, get, go, look, come, win, think, preside, prevail, rule, reign have control /advantage/authority/influence, superiority, priority speak over TV, hear over the air, broadcast over the radio, shout over the loudspeaker5. 1). keep, go, get, carry, wait, look, hold, hang, pass, insist, put, switch, turn, 2). remark, comment, touch, dwell, catch 3). depend, rely, count, calculate, reckon, fall back on, live, 4). try, put, pull, have6. 1). eat, build, tear, use, burn, blow, break, give, hold, 2). hang, grow, cover, line, stand, add, bring, dress, warm, set, wrap, pick, put, take, clear, draw, stay, sit, wait, speed, stepquicken7. 1). call, cut, ring, switch, put, turn, call, 2). put, give, keep, lay, see, shake, show, set, wear, take8. 1). break, get, look, go, 2). run, bump, crash, drive, 3). change, turn, transform, convert, talk, argue, frighten, reason, cheat, trick, threaten,9. 1). hand, give;2). knock, pass;3). run burn, tire, wear;4). stick, carry 5). put, go, die, wipe;6). check, drop, cross, leave, stay, stand, look, watch, bring, get, break, work, make, figure, turn10. check, break, step, cut, sit, take; pull, draw; call, drop, look; give, hand, send, turn, fall in with九、搭配归类记忆1. rob sb. of sth. deprive, strip, cure, relieve, inform, advise, notify, warn, assure, convince, remind 2. praise sb. for pliment, criticize, punish, scold, condemn, excuse, forgive, pardon, 3. tellfrom/betweendistinguish, discriminate, know, differ4. inquire sth. of sb. expect, demand, ask5. prevent sb. from doing sth. stop, keep, save, discourage, excuse, restrain, prohibit, inhibit, ban, 6. regard sb asacknowledge, describe, look down upon, imagine, recognize, refer to, think of, treat, view, accept, impress, strike7. rise, increaseconfidence, trustkey/solution/answer entrance/entry fall, decreasebelieve, faithreply/responseaccess/admissionambition/need/demand/request/ requirement/wishfamous/noted/distinguished/notorious/remarkable/notable/well-known/celebrated/outstandingaware/conscious/ignorantinnocent/guiltynear/close/nextdistant/far/remotesure/certain/doubtful/suspiciousconsiderate/thoughtcharacteristic/typicaldifferent/distinct/diverseprior/previouscrazy/mad/enthusiasticeager/anxious/hungry/thirstysurprised/amazed/astonished/shocked/alarmed十、同形异义词记忆单数意义：复数意义；politics政治学政治观点economics经济学经济状况physics物理物理现象statistics统计学统计数字mathematics数学数学成绩class班级全班学生committee委员会全体委员family家庭家里所有人group/team组、队所有组员、队员单复数形式不同意义不同词记忆air空气airs风度、架势arm手臂arms武器art艺术arts文科；人文科学authority权利；权威authorities官方；当局brain大脑brains智利chain链（条）chains镣铐compliment恭维；称赞compliments问候；致意condition状况，状态conditions条件；环境，形势congratulation祝贺congratulations祝贺词content内容；容量；满足contents目录convenience便利，方便conveniences便利设备custom习俗customs海关damage损害；毁坏damages赔偿费finding发现，发现物findings调查（研究）结果force力；力量；势力forces兵力；军队glass玻璃glasses眼镜height高；高度heights高地/处humanity人类；人性humanities人文科学import进口；输入imports进口商品；要旨，含义interest兴趣；关心；利息interests利益；利害instruction指导；指示instructions用法说明（书）；操作指南lesson功课；课lessons课程；教训liability责任；义务liabilities债务manner举止；方式manners礼貌，风度；规矩，风俗mass大量；团，块masses群众；质量measure尺寸，大小measures措施，办法minute分钟minutes会议记录necessity必要/然性；需要necessities必需品observation观察；监视observations观察资料或报告；言论pain疼痛pains努力、辛劳paper纸papers文件poll民意测验polls政治选举，大选proceeding行动；进行proceedings会议记录；学报provision供应；准备；规定provisions给养，口粮quarter四分之一quarters方向；地区；住处rail栏杆，围栏rails铁路；轨道respect尊敬，尊重respects敬意，问候ruin毁灭，崩溃ruins废墟，遗迹saving储蓄savings储蓄金，存款slack淡季，萧条slacks便裤，运动裤specification详述specifications规格，说明书，规范spirit精神，气概spirits情绪，心情；酒精，烈酒sport运动sports运动会teaching教学teac