2018_2019学年高中英语Unit11TheMediaSectionⅡLanguagePointsⅠWarm_up.docx

Section Language Points ()(Warmup & Lesson 1)语 言 基 础 自 测.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1Since the earliest civilizations，people have controlled rivers to meet societys demands(需求)2The incident(事件) has further increased the tension between the two countries.3We regret to inform you that your application(申请) has not been successful.4I found further scientific evidence(证据) for the theory.5He gives an explanation(解释) of how sound travels in water.6They made an announcement to the whole country that the flight had crashed.7She was delighted that her son had returned safely.8Our teacher tells us that we should be concerned about state affairs9We believe that every man has a right to his own belief because thats the way God wants it.10While a bomb did explode on the day when the Cyprus banks ended their twoweek closure，the explosion actually happened in Greece.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1belief n信仰；信心；信任believe v相信，认为2demand vt.要求，请求demanding adj.过分要求的，苛求的，严格的3announce vt.宣布，宣告announcement n宣布，宣告4application n申请(书)；应用apply v申请，应用5photographer n摄影师photograph vt.拍照，摄影photography n摄影寻规律、巧记忆v.ionn.v.ern.explanation 解释，说明celebration 庆祝，庆典communication 交流，通信employer 雇主，老板interviewer 采访人，面试官trainer 训练员，训练师.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1stand for是意思，代表；支持2react to 对做出反应3be made up of 由组成4in detail 详细地5prevent.from. 阻止做6in the end 最后，终于7come down to 归结于8look forward to 盼望9be responsible for 对有责任，负责10take care of 照看，照顾.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1These two expressions come down to much the same.2In the end，we all decided to organize a concert for Easter.3The Bull Team is made up of 15 players.4Well discuss the problem later in detail5What do the letters “UN” stand for?寻规律、巧记忆comeprep./adv.动词短语v.for动词短语come to 达到，苏醒come about 发生，出现come out 出版，发表ask for 要，要求leave for 动身去apply for 申请.经典句式仿写背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.Do you sometimes use the Internet？What for?你有时用因特网吗？用来做什么？What for常用于口语，“为了什么？”“做什么用？”。我要去巴黎。Im going to Paris.去干什么？What for？2.It is going to be remembered as a historical meeting this year，as the topic of Africa will be discussed in detail.今年的会议将会作为一次历史性的会议留在人们的记忆中，因为非洲问题将是本届会议详细讨论的问题。句中有两个as。第一个as为介词，第二个为连词，引导原因状语从句。既然你已经知道了，我就告诉你实情吧。As you have known about it，Ill tell you the truth.3.They want the leaders to cancel the debt of Africas poorest countries so that the problems there can be prevented from getting any worse.他们想要领导们取消非洲最贫穷国家的债务以防止事态恶化。so that引导目的状语从句。我们很早出发，以便能赶上第一班火车。We left very early so that we could catch the first train.核 心 要 点 探 究 affair n事情；事件(教材P21)current affairs时事state affairs国事foreign affairs 外交事务international affairs 国际事务a public/private affair 公/私事We should concern ourselves with state affairs.我们要关心国家大事。China is now a major player in international affairs.现在中国是国际事务的重要参与者。明辨异同affair/business/matter/eventaffair指已发生或必须去做的任何事情或事务，复数形式多指重大或较复杂的事务business通常指较重要或较难而又必须承担的事情，也可指商事matter“事情；问题”，着重指一件考虑中的或需要处理的事。the matter常指“毛病，麻烦事”event事件，大事；(体育)比赛项目用affair/business/matter/event的适当形式填空It was her first international sporting eventHe is very interested in public affairsIt is time now for us to get down to business and we must be serious about this.I dont know whats the matter with him. (教材P21)Do you sometimes use the Internet？What for?你有时用因特网吗？用来做什么？【要点提炼】句中what for常用于口语，表示“为了什么？”，有时也表示“做什么用？”。What about.？(征求意见或询问消息时用)怎么样？So what? 口那又怎么样呢？(表示不感 兴趣或认为不重要)What if.? 倘使将会怎样？Guess what? 猜猜看？你猜怎么着？whats more 而且，另外What.like? 是什么样的？Your room is a real mess，Tom.So what?汤姆，你的房间真乱。那又怎么样？What if you go abroad the next year?假使你明年出国将会怎样？Whats the weather like today?今天天气怎么样？ stand for是意思，代表；支持，主张，拥护；忍受，容忍(教材P22)What does “G8” stand for?“G8”代表什么？写出下列句中stand for的含义As is known to us，the letters PLA stand for the Peoples Liberation Army.代表，象征We will not stand for this sort of behavior，young man！忍受，容忍We Chinese stand for peace and wish to settle all disputes by peaceful means.支持，主张stand against抵抗，反抗；靠在上stand back 退后，靠后站stand by 袖手旁观，站在一起；帮助；维持stand out 突出，出色，显著stand up(to) 起立；站立；经得起stand up for 保护，维护，支持A true friend will stand up for you when you need it.Also when you dont ask them to.真正的朋友会在你需要的时候站在你这边。即使在你没有要求他们这么做(他们也会这么做的)。Please remember Ill stand by you whatever happens.请记住，无论发生什么事情，我都会拥护你。Her red hair made her quite stand out in the crowd.她的红头发使得她在人群里相当引人注目。 (教材P22)It is going to be remembered as a historical meeting this year，as the topic of Africa will be discussed in detail.今年的会议将会作为一次历史性的会议留在人们的记忆中，因为非洲问题将是本届会议详细讨论的问题。【要点提炼】句中有两个as，其中第一个是介词，意为“作为”，形成短语be remembered as“作为被怀念/记着”。第二个as是从属连词，意为“因为，由于”，引导原因状语从句。(1)as引导原因状语从句时，可以放在主句之前或之后，表示理由时，语气没有because那么强，不能用来回答why的提问或被强调。(2)as引导时间状语从句，主句和从句的动作同时发生，意为“一边一边”或“随着”。(3)as引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然，即使”，常构成倒装结构。(4)as引导方式状语从句，意为“以方式”。(5)as用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，与such，the same等搭配，或引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句。They sang songs as they were doing farm work.他们一边干农活，一边唱歌。When in Rome，do as Romans do.入乡随俗。This is the same book as I lost yesterday.这与我昨天丢的那本书一样。 demand vt.要求，请求n.C要求，请求U需要(教材P22)Reforms have been demanded by people from all over the world.全世界的人们都要求改革。(1)demand to do sth.要求做某事demand sth. from/of sb. 向某人要求某物demand of sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事demand that.(should)do.要求(从句用虚拟语气，should可以省略)(2)be in(great)demand (迫切)需求，需求大on demand 一经需求meet/satisfy ones demands 满足某人的需求Soft drinks are in demand in this season.这个季节软饮料需求量很大。She demanded an answer of/from me.她要求我给予答复。He demanded of me to shut (shut) the gate.他要求我关上大门。They demand that the books be returned (return) to the school library at once.他们要求把书立刻还回图书馆。名师点津表示“要求某人做某事”，不可以说demand sb.to do sth.，但可以说demand of sb.to do sth.或ask/require/request sb.to do sth.。 (教材P22)They want the leaders to cancel the debt of Africas poorest countries so that the problems there can be prevented from getting any worse.他们想要领导们取消非洲最贫穷国家的债务以防止事态恶化。(1)【要点提炼】句中so that引导目的状语从句，相当于in order that，意为“以便，为了”。(1)so thatin order that引导目的状语从句，该从句中常用情态动词may，might，can，could，will，would和should。(2)当so that，in order that引导目的状语从句，从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可用so as to和in order to替换。(3)so that也可引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”，从句前常用逗号与主句隔开。Cathy had quit her job when her son was born so that she could stay at home and raise her family.Cathy had quit her job when her son was born in order to stay at home and raise her family.Cathy在她儿子出生时就已经辞去了工作，以便她能够待在家里照顾家人。I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat.我去听演讲去得很早，所以找了个好座位。She has bought the book in order that she can follow the TV lessons.为了能跟上电视课程她买了课本。名师点津in order to可位于句首或句中，而so as to不能位于句首。(2)prevent sb./sth.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事，妨碍某事发生(1)“阻止某人做某事”的常见表达prevent sb. from doing sth.(from 可省略)stop sb. from doing sth.(from可省略)keep sb. from doing sth.(from不可省略)(2)在被动语态中，以上结构中的from都不可省略I cant stop myself from thinking of the days we stayed together.我无法阻止自己去想那些我们共同度过的日子。The boy was kept from doing(do) any housework.As a result，he could not take care of himself.那个男孩的家人不让他做任何家务。结果，他连自己都无法照顾。 belief n信仰；信心；信任(教材P22)Their belief is that this is the only way for many of these nations to escape their painful pasts.人们坚信，这是使许多国家摆脱痛苦过去的唯一出路。(1)have/lose belief in.对有信心/失去信心beyond ones belief 令某人难以置信in the/ones belief that. 相信/认定Its ones belief that.(Ones belief is that.) 相信(2)believe sb. 相信某人(的话)believe intrust/have faith in 信任/信仰believe it or not 信不信由你Its (widely) believed that. 人们(普遍)认为The story of his miseries is beyond my belief.他的悲惨身世令我难以置信。He has lost his belief in God.他已经不相信上帝了。It is believed(believe) that the house was built in 1735.据说这房子建于1735年。Believe it or not，we were left waiting in the rain for two hours.信不信由你，我们冒雨一直等了两个小时。 announce vt.宣布，宣告(教材P23)At 12：45 UK time today，the name of the host city for the 2012 Olympic Games was being announced by the International Olympics Committee (IOC) in Singapore.在今天的英国时间12：45，国际奥林匹克委员会在新加坡宣布了2012年奥林匹克运动会主办城市的名字。(1)announceIt is announced that.有人宣布(2)announcement n宣布，通告make an announcement (to sb.) (向某人)发表声明(3)announcer n. 广播员，解说员；宣告者The government announced to the public that they would pay the debt.政府向公众宣布，他们会偿还债务。It was announced that the prime minister would speak on television that evening.据宣布，首相将在当天晚上发表电视演说。Id like to make an important announcement(announce) to you.我要向你们发表一项重要声明。明辨异同announce/declareannounce“宣布，宣告”，含有“预告”之意。如书籍的出版，物品的发售，人的生死、婚姻、暴风雨和危险的来临等。它所涉及的一般是对方原来不知道的事declare公开地“宣布，宣称”，如战争、和平、戒严等。多指庄严宣告或交代清楚某事。它所涉及的事不一定是对方所不知道的用announce/declare的适当形式填空He announced to us that the government had declared that they would try every possible means to prevent the disease throughout the country.名师点津announce不能跟双宾语。即没有announce sb.sth.结构。如要表达“向某人宣布某事”要用announce sth.to sb.。类似用法的动词还有：suggest，explain，report等。 application n申请(书)；应用(教材P23)Applications to host the games had also been made by Moscow, Madrid, New York and Paris.申请主办这届奥运会的城市还有莫斯科、马德里、纽约和巴黎。(1)make an application(to.)for.(向)申请an application for sth. 的申请(2)apply v. 申请；应用apply for 申请apply to 适用于；运用；致力于；涂抹apply oneself to sth./doing sth. 专心于(做)某事I made three applications for a job but got nothing.我递了3份求职申请书，但都没成功。I should apply for the post if I were you，I think you stand a good chance.如果我是你的话，我一定去申请这个职位。我认为你大有希望。Taylor will apply to college soon.She wants to be a nurse.Taylor很快将申请上大学。她想当一名护士。 come down to 结果是；可归结为(教材P23)In the end，it came down to a choice between Paris and London.最后的结果是在巴黎和伦敦之间做出选择。come about发生，产生，出现come across 偶然发现(某物)；偶然遇到(某人)come out 出版，发表，显露，泄露come to 合计达；苏醒；达到(某种状态，情况)come up 出现，发生；走近；(话题、议题等)被提出讨论come up with 提出；提供(主意，建议，答案等)How did it come about that he was dismissed?他怎么会被开除了？She came across some old photographs in a drawer.她在抽屉里偶然发现了一些旧照片。He come up with a good design for the repairs of the old temple.对于这座古老的寺庙的修缮，他提出了一个好的设计方案。名师点津在“it comes down to宾语”结构中，it是虚词，用来笼统地谈论某种情况；to为介词，后接名词、动名词作宾语。 delighted adj.高兴的，愉快的(教材P23)Prince William，who is now in New Zealand，said he was delighted that the 2012 Olympic Games would be held in London and he was looking forward to the Games.正在新西兰的威廉王子说，他很高兴2012年奥运会将要在伦敦举办，他期盼着这次盛会的到来。(1)be delighted at/by/with由于而高兴be delighted to do sth./that. 高兴做某事(2)take(great)delight in (doing)sth. 以(做)某事为乐with delight 高兴地；愉快地to ones delight 使某人高兴的是(3)delight in(doing) sth. 喜欢(做)某事delight sb. with sth. 以某事取悦某人We are delighted to hear that you have applied for the job.我们很高兴听说你申请了这份工作。To his great delight, his novel has been accepted for publication.使他极为高兴的是，他的小说已被采用准备出版了。I was delighted at the thought of seeing you again.一想到会再见到你我就高兴。He delights in finding(find)fault with others.他喜欢挑别人的毛病。 (教材P23)No one has yet discovered who is responsible for the incidents but police are already collecting evidence还没有人发现谁为暴力事件负责，但警方已经在收集证据了。(1)incident n. 事件，事情without incident平安无事的diplomatic incident 外交冲突You could have caused a major diplomatic incident.你可能引起了严重外交冲突。The plane landed without incident.飞机安全着陆。明辨异同incident/accidentincident表示发生的事，常指小事；还表示国际间的军事冲突，骚乱，暴力事件accident表示事故，意外事件；还表示偶然，机遇(incident/accident)Its not clear whether the incident was an accident or deliberation.(2)evidence n证明，证据(1)provide/give evidence for提供的证据There is some/no evidence that.(没)有证据证明in evidence 显眼；显而易见(2)evident adj. 明显的；明白的Its evident that. 很明显There is some evidence that a small amount of alcohol is good for health.有证据显示，少量饮酒有益健康。The first signs of spring are in evidence(evident)春天的最初迹象已显而易见。It is evident that the party was a failure.很明显这个晚会是失败的。解构长句难句1I listen to the radio every morning while Im getting ready for school.【分析】该句为主从复合句。while Im getting ready for school为时间状语从句，while表示“在期间，当时候”，while从句中常用进行时态。【翻译】每天早晨我准备上学时都收听收音机广播。2Widespread poverty in Africa means that many people there cannot get the water，clothing，housing，electricity or education they need.【分析】句中that引导宾语从句，作means的宾语；they need是省略that的定语从句，修饰前面的名词。【翻译】非洲普遍的贫困意味着那里的许多人不能获得他们需要的饮用水、衣服、住房、电力及教育。3Londons name had been announced twice before，in 1908 and 1948，so it now has the distinction of being the first city to host the event three times.【分析】句中的it指代的是London；to host the event three times是不定式作定语，修饰the first city。中心词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，多用不定式作定语。【翻译】伦敦这一名字在1908年和1948年曾被宣布过两次，所以现在它获得了第一个主办三次奥运会的城市的殊荣。4Prince William，who is now in New Zealand，said he was delighted that the 2012 Olympic Games would be held in London and he was looking forward to the Games.【分析】该句为主从复合句。who is now in New Zealand为非限制性定语从句，说明先行词Prince William的情况，关系代词为who。主句谓语动词said后跟两个并列的宾语从句。【翻译】威廉王子现在正在新西兰，他说他非常高兴2012年奥运会将在伦敦举行，而且他正期盼着这届奥运会。随 堂 效 果 落 实.单句语法填空1He was delighted(delight) with the present you sent.2When her husband died，she put an announcement(announce) in the newspaper.3As time went by，I gradually adapted myself to the school life.4How can you stand by and watch the country go to ruin?5The novels of Scott are much in demand nowadays. 6He was prevented from going(go)to school because of his illness.7It is my belief(believe)that good manners are very important to everybody.8He applied himself diligently to learning(learn)French.9The Student Union is organizing a debating competition，which aims to develop students interest in social affairs(affair)10The police were trying their best to look for some evidence(evident) about this murder.单句改错1When was his book come out？wasdid2We all laughed at Jane when she said she believed ghosts.believed后加in3We must keep the water being polluted.being前加from4If you apply you to the job in hand，youll soon finish it.第二个youyourself5Then what about？Why do you want to go there？aboutfor语 法 专 项 突 破被动语态自主领悟 先观察原句后自主感悟The G8 is made up of political leaders from France，the United States，Britain，Germany，Japan，Italy，Canada and Russia.The Group of Eight，or G8，was formed by eight of the worlds wealthiest nations in 1998.the topic of Africa will be discussed in detail.he was delighted that the 2012 Olympic Games would be held in London .The news is being celebrated by crowds in the streets.1.及物动词的被动语态的多种时态形式，即“bev.过去分词”中，通过对be动词的变化体现出时态意义。2.句句分别使用了一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时的被动语态。精要点拨语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态，主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passive Voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。同一件事往往既可以用主动句又可以用被动句来表达，但侧重点有所不同。一般来说，主动语态侧重于行为者即动作的发出者，而被动语态侧重于动作的对象即动作的承受者。一、被动语态的构成被动语态由“be及物动词的过去分词”构成，常用时态形式如下表： 形式时间 一般完成进行现在is/am/aredonehave/hasbeen doneis/am/arebeing done过去was/weredonehad beendonewas/werebeing done将来shall/willbe doneshall/will havebeen done过去将来should/wouldbe doneshould/wouldhave beendoneOur classroom is cleaned every day.(一般现在时的被动语态)我们的教室每天都被打扫。The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.(一般过去时的被动语态)孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。More space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people.(一般将来时的被动语态)中国人民在将来将进行更多的太空探索。When we got to the cinema，all the tickets had been sold out.(过去完成时的被动语态)我们到达电影院时，所有的票都已售完。He said that the peoples living standard would be greatly improved.(过去将来时的被动语态)他说人们的生活水平将会提高。My bike is being repaired by Tom now.(现在进行时的被动语态)我的自行车现在正在被汤姆修理着。After school we went to the readingroom to do some reading，only to be told that it was being decorated.(过去进行时的被动语态)放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果却被告知阅览室正在装修。即时演练1用所给动词的适当形式填空It is reported that a space station will be built(build) on the moon in years to come.Unless some extra money is found(find)，the theatre will close.Cellphones are being used(use) by more and more teens and many new functions have been added(add) to them nowadays.二、怎样把主动语态变为被动语态先找出谓语动词；再找出谓语动词后的宾语；把宾语作为被动语态中的主语；注意人称、时态和数的变化。Bruce writes a letter every week.A letter is written by Bruce every week.布鲁斯每周写一封信。名师点津被动语态时态歌诀被动不离“be”“p.p.”，p.p.前面要加be；主谓一致莫忘记，句中时态要留意；am, is, are, 现在时am/is/arep.p.；was 和were 表过去was/werep.p.；将来、情态be原形will/can/may/mustbep.p.；进行时态两个be，前表时态后加ingbebeingp.p.。即时演练2句型转换He brought Mike some guidebooks.Mike was brought some guidebooks by him.She painted the walls light blue.The walls were painted light blue by her.I saw Jack clean the classroom.Jack was seen to clean the classroom三、主动结构表示被动含义的用法1某些动词如lock, shut, open, read, write, sell, wash, clean, burn, cut等，表示主语的属性或特征时，用主动形式表示被动含义。The books sell well. 这些书很畅销。Wood burns easily.木头很容易燃烧。2当不定式用在作表语的某些形容词后面时，不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有easy, hard, difficult等。The problem is difficult to deal with.这个问题很难处理。3want, need, require(作“需要”讲)和be worth后面用动词ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。The room needs cleaning.房间需要打扫了。His suggestion is worth considering.他的建议值得考虑。4不定式作定语，与前面被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系，且不定式的逻辑主语为主句的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动含义。I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事情要做。Tom is looking for a room to live in.汤姆正在找一间住的房间。5某些不及物动词短语无被动形式：belong to, consist of, agree with, come up with等。名师点津主动表被动的记忆诀窍主动表被动，这些要背诵：钟声敲得砰砰响；(The bell sounds well.)六点开门上学堂；(The school opens at 6：00.)战(争)事(情)开始于7点；(The war began at 7：00.)布料耐洗易烫平；(The cloth washed well and ironed easily.)剧本、故事演(讲)得好；(The play acted well and the story told well.)烟斗好抽又畅销；(The pipe smokes well and sells well.)此书还在印刷中；(The book is printing.)那饼吃来脆又松；(The cookie eats crisply.)木料易锯摸起来粗；(The wood saws easily and its surface feels tough.)食物难存易烹调；(The food doesnt k