艺考生课程——语法 第三十九讲 被动语态.doc

2015年学大教育艺考生课程语法 第三十九讲 被动语态适用学科英语适用年级高三适用区域使用人教版教材地区课时时长（分钟）1课时/60分钟知识点被动语态在常考时态中的运用教学目标知识：掌握常考动词时态的被动语态方法：掌握常考动词时态的被动语态的基本结构，根据语境正确的运用时态及语态能力：能根据语境的需求灵活运用动词的时态及语态教学重点被动语态在一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时等时态中的运用。教学难点被动语态的灵活运用教学过程一、 课堂导入让学生尝试用中文说出下列句子的被动语态，让学生直观地感受什么是被动语态。1. 我们每年种很多的树。 2. 去年他们建了一座桥。3. 他们明年将要建一所学校。 4. 她正在打扫教室。5. 妈妈还没有完成家务。二、复习预习1. 在上课前，帮助学生复习上节课所学内容：动词的时态2. 上节课课后作业检查和订正(1) 订正习题答案(2) 讨论错题并总结错误原因三、知识讲解知识点1：被动语态的概念及基本结构【考查点1】被动语态的概念：英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) 他们将在这条河上建一座新桥。 A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 一座新桥将被(他们)建在这条河上。 【考查点2】被动语态的基本结构：be+动词的过去分词例：Cotton is grown by the farmers every year. 棉花每年被农民们种植。 知识点2：各种时态的被动语态形式【考查点1】一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are + done（done为动词的过去分词）如：Rice is grown in the south of the country. 大米在这个国家的南方被种植。Class meeting is held every Thursday. 班会在每周四被举行。 【考查点2】一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + done如：The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。 The book was written by my father这本书是我父亲写的【考查点3】一般（过去）将来时的被动语态：will（would） be + done如：A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。 A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。 I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。 【考查点4】现在（过去）进行时的被动语态：am/is/are(was/were) being + done如：The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。 The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。 A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。 【考查点5】现在完成时的被动语态：have/has been + done如：Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。 The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。 Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict. 在冲突中已经有几名士兵被杀害。 【考查点6】过去完成时的被动语态：had been + done如：They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。 She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。 He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died. 他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。【考查点7】将来完成时的被动语态：will have been + done如：My homework will have been finished when you arrive tomorrow.明天你到的时候，我的作业会已经做完了。The book will have been published by the end of the next month.到下个月末，这本书就已经出版了。知识点3：被动语态的特殊结构形式【考查点1】含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词be过去分词如：Your compositions must be handed in after class.放学后你的作文必修被交上来。 A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.很多信可以由他在电脑上写。【考查点2】在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但为为被动结构时，要加to。如：We often hear him sing in the next room. 我们经常听见他在隔壁唱歌。 He is often heard to sing in the next room. 他经常被我们听见在隔壁唱歌。 The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.老板让工人们一天工作12小时。 The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.工人们被老板要求一天工作12小时。【考查点3】一些动词表示性质的如：sell, wash, write, last, cook 一般用作不及物动词其后通常加副词well, badly, easily, smoothly等如：The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写字很流畅。【考查点4】It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词to do sth.”。有： It is said that 据说 It is reported that据报道It is believed that大家相信 It is hoped that大家希望It is well known that众所周知 It is thought that大家认为It is suggested that据建议如：It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow. 据报道明天要下雨。 It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.众所周知，爱迪生发明了电灯。【考查点5】表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。如：The war take place in 1994. 战争发生在1994年。What happened to you?你发生了什么事情。As long as you work hard, your dream will come true.只要你努力，你的梦想就会实现。四、例题精析【例题1】In some parts of the world, tea _with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served【答案】B【解析】因为serve是及物动词，其动作承受者tea作主语，表示经常发生的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。【例题2】This is Teds phone. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing【答案】C【解析】Ted是kill的承受者，用被动语态，且Ted救人发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。【例题3】If your order is ready，the T-shirt _ to you as soon as possible.A. has delivered B. is delivered C. will deliver D. will be delivered【答案】D【解析】主语是T-shirt 谓语动词，deliver 应用被动，表示T-shirt被送，排除A、C两项。根据语境，如果你定了货，T-shirt 将会随时被送货。故选D项。【例题4】Why dont we choose that road to save time?The bridge to it _.A. has repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. will be repaired【答案】C【解析】句意：为什么我们不选择走那条路以节省时间呢？因为去那条路的桥正在修理中。题目考查了现在进行时的被动语态作谓语。桥与修理存在被动关系，而且根据句子语境要求采用进行时态。五、课堂运用【基础】1. The way the guests _ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.A. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated【答案】B【解析】句意：客人们在旅馆中被招待的方式影响到对他们服务的评价。此题考查时态语态。根据题意，客人是被招待的，应排除A、C两项；influenced 时间提示为一般过去时，故选B。2. A meeting _ at 3 p. m. next Tuesday.Will you go there?A. has held B. has been held C. will be held D. will hold 【答案】C【解析】根据时间状语next Tuesday 判断用将来式。主语是meeting 被举行因此选C项。will be held 为将来时的被动式。3. Would you please keep silent？The weather report _ and I want to listen.A. is broadcast B. is being broadcast C. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast 【答案】B【解析】句意：请安静一下好吗？正广播天气预报呢，我想听听。根据句意，该空考查的是现在进行时的被动语态。【巩固】4. During the period of recent terrorist activities，people _ not to touch any unattended bag.A. had always been warned B. were always being warnedC. are always warning D. always warned【答案】B【解析】句意：在最近恐怖活动期间，人们总是在被警告不要碰任何无人照看的包。be always doing sth.总是做某事，表达某种抱怨、不满或赞许的情绪。人们是“被警告”，要用被动语态。 5. His sister left home in 1998，and _ since.A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard of C. had not heard of D. has not heard of 【答案】B【解析】他妹妹在1998年离开家，从那以后就没了音讯。根据句意，指的是过去离开以后，到现在一直没音讯，故用现在完成时；hear of 与his sister 在本句中为被动关系，故用被动语态，所以选B。6. Have you finished your essay?Half _ when you come back.A. has been done B. is done C. be done D. will have been done【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态和语态辨析。when引导的时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时，所以主句表示将来的动作，且表示“等你回来的时候一半的工作将已经完成”。【拔高】7. At minus 130, a living cell can _ for a thousand years.A. preserve B. be preserved C. be preserving D. have been preserved【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词用法。can 后面接动词原形，同时应注意被动语态。句意为：在零下130时，活细胞可以存活一千年。8. Id like a pen which _ well. Will this one _？A. writes; help B. writes; do C. is written; work D. is written; help【答案】B【解析】考查动词的语态和动词辨析。第一空表示“一支好用的钢笔”，用主动语态而不用被动，因此空白处填writes。答语说：这支笔可以吗？表示“行，可以”用动词do。9The windows must have taken you quite a long time that day.Right. They _ for weeks.A. havent been cleaned B. didnt cleanC. hadnt been cleaned D. havent cleaned【答案】C【解析】考查时态。第一句话的谓语动词是must have taken，说明此处是对过去发生的事情的推测；答语“好几个星期没有打扫了”发生在that day 之前，表示过去的过去，因此用过去完成时。课程小结本节课主要讲解了被动语态在常考时态中的运用，主要讲解了被动语态的概念及基本结构；不同时态的被动语态的形式以及被动语态的特殊结构及用法。学生在学习被动语态的时候，要首先弄清楚每种每种时态的被动语态的结构。近年高考对被动语态的考查是结合时态一起来考，因此，同学在做题时要将动词的时态及语态相结合，根据语境，灵活地运用。课后作业【基础】1. The students said hello to the teacher and _ with a smile.A. were rewarded B. was rewarded C. have rewarded D. has rewarded【答案】A【解析】“学生们向老师问好，老师回应给他们一个微笑。”应该是“学生们被回应”由句意可知此处为被动，故C、D排除；又“the students”做主语，所以谓语动词为“were”，故选A项。2. Have the traffic police caught the driver?Yes. He _ only two hours after the accident occurred.A. was caught B. caught C. has caught D. has caught【答案】A【解析】表示过去某一时间点发生的事用过去式。He和caught 形成被动关系，用被动语态。3. Why do you look so worried? My computer broke down and my essay _ since.A. has been left unfinished B. has left to finishC. was left to finish D. had been left unfinished【答案】A【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。由broke down和since 可知时态用现在完成时，且主语与谓语动词之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。【巩固】4. Why do you go to work by bus?Because my car _.A. has repaired B. has been repaired C. was repaired D. is being repaired【答案】D【解析】考查时态与语态。从本题语境可知，没有开车的原因是车子正在被修理，因此动词应该使用现在进行时的被动语态。5. The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets _.A. was booked B. had been booked C. were booked D. have been booked【答案】B【解析】句中tickets是book(订票)的承受者，主谓为被动关系，又因票 已被订出应发生在entered the office这个过去动作之前，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。6. Hav