高中英语 Module 6 Animals in Danger 语法透析讲解 外研版必修5(1).doc

2014年秋高中英语 module 6 animals in danger 语法透析讲解 外研版必修5一、语意重复。定语从句的引导词在从句中都要充当一定的成分，所以从句里相应的句子成分不能再保留，否则就犯了语意重复的错误。如：the main topic people are often talking about at present is personal cars.the main topic是先行词，关系代词that或which在从句中作宾语，被省略了，所以做宾语的替代词it不能再出现了。二、分裂现象。如无特殊原因，定语从句应紧跟在先行词之后。如：everything that has weight and occupies space is called matter.初学者很容易将此意表达成：everything is called matter that has weight and occupies space. 这就是人为地造成的分裂现象。但是有时定语从句和先行词之间需要插入定语、状语或谓语时则另当别论。如：there is an expression in his eyes that i cannot understand.先行词与定语从句之间被in his eyes隔开了。三、主、谓不一致。当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词应该和先行词的数与格保持一致，否则就是犯了主、谓不一致的错误。如：god bless this ship and all that sail in her. (bible)本例先行词all指的是“所有的人”，所以定语从句的谓语不能用sails。四、关系代词that、who直接置于介词后。关系代词前有介词时，关系代词必须用which（指物）或 whom (指人)，而且不能省略。如果把介词放到句子的后部去，这时关系代词可用that或who,也可以把它们省略。如：the cost at which we produce the cars has been greatly reduced. 由于关系代词直接置于介词at之后，所以只能用which，而且不能省略。五、关系代词作定语时的误用。不管先行词是指人还是物，关系代词在从句中作定语时，都必须用whose；但指物时，还可以用“the + 名词 + of which”或“which of its + 名词”的形式表示。如：this is a new digital control machine tool whose functions are very advanced.本例中的whose functions还可以用which of its functions或者the functions of which替换。六、关系代词that的误用。先行词是以下某种情形时，必须用that引导定语从句：（1）被形容词最高级或序数词修饰；（2）被every, only, any, just, right, no等词修饰；（3）是all, few, little, much, none, some以及anything, everything, nothing （something不受此限制）等不定代词；（4）同时为人和物；（5）为疑问代词时。如:everything that appears on the internet is very appealing.初学者由于记得不牢，此时常常误用which引导。七、非限制性定语从句误用that作引导词。引导非限制性定语从句时，不能用that，必须用which。此外可以引导非限制性定语从句的还有who，whom，where，when，as等关系代词或关系副词,而且不能省略。如：the italian team defeated the german team, which some people had expected.此时还可以将which换成as，意思是“正如有的人已经预料到的一样”。八、as和which的误用。非限制性从句前置于句首时，不能用which，而要用as来引导。如：as is well known to us all, life cant exist without air or water.但是如果从句后置，则两者皆可以，只是意思略有区别（as译作“正如”，which译作“这一点”等）。如果定语从句是否定形式或从句谓语带有复合宾语时，则只能用which引导。如：the brazilian team was defeated by the french team, which we hadnt expected.九、the same . that和the same . as的误用。注意两者的区别：the same . that指“同一人（物）”；而the same . as指“同一类人（物）”。如：the people in many other asian countries have the same custom as we chinese have.根据例句的含义，可知这里只能用关系代词as，不能用that，因为表达的意思是“相似”。十、关系副词与关系代词的误用。如果引导词在从句中作状语应用关系副词引导；如果引导词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语时应用关系代词引导。如：hawaii is a beautiful place (which / that) all the people l