牛津英语7A语法.doc

牛津英语7A语法 (一) 一般过去时的构成及用法1）一般过去时的形式:动词be: 第一人称单数和第三人称单数用was, 其余的人称一律用were。动词have: 一律用had, 没有人称和数的变化。行为动词：一律用过去式，没有人称和数的变化，行为动词的过去式有两类，一类是规则动词，另一类是不规则动词。肯定否定动词beI was .I was not .You were .You were not .He/She/It was .He/She/It was not .We were .We were not .You You They They 动词haveI had .I had not .YouYouHe/She/ItHe/She/ItWe We You You They They 行为动词(study)I studied .I did not study .YouYouHe/She/ItHe/She/ItWe We You You They They 行为动词的过去时的否定式，要使用助动词 do 的过去式否定式did not，后面的谓语动词要还用原形。在非正式语如口语中。did not 可用紧缩形式didnt。一般疑问和简略回答一般疑问简略回答动词beWere you .?Was he .?Were they .?Yes, I was.No, I was not.Yes, he was.No, he was not.Yes, they were.No, they were not.动词haveHad you .?Had he .?Had they .?Yes, I had. No, I had not.Yes, he had. No, he had not.Yes, they had.No, they had not.行为动词(study)Did you study . ?Did he study .?Did they study .?Yes, I did. No, I did not.Yes, he did. No, he did not.Yes, they did. No, they did not.注意：was not, were not, had not和did not 可以分别缩写成wasnt, werent, hadnt和didnt。特殊疑问句回答动词beWhere was she?She was at home.行为动词(study)When did you study English?I studied it last year.2) 行为动词的一般过去式：行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种。规则动词的过去式是在动词原形后加-ed 构成。构成及读法如下表：在动词后加-ed以e结尾的动词后加-d以辅音字母+y结尾的动词先将y变为i再加-ed以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双辅音字母后再加-ed（以x结尾的词除外在清辅音后读tworkedhelpedhopedliked-stopped, mapped在元音和浊辅音后读dstayedcalledbelievedlivedstudiedtriedplannedreferred在辅音t, d后读idwantedneeded-permitted, admitted3) 一般过去时的用法：a. 表示过去的动作或状态，常和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, three days ago, in 1998等，或与由when引导的从句。eg. I saw him yesterday. She bought the bike two years ago. He was there just now.Where did you live when you were young?b. 也可以表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复出现的动作。句子中常带有every day, often, usually, always, sometimes等时间状语。eg. When I studied in the university, I read aloud every morning. In the past few years I usually went touring during my summer vocations.在过去的几年里，每逢暑假我总是出去旅游。c. 也可以用“used to +动词原形”表示过去经常或反复的动作。eg. We used to get up early. 我以前总是早起。（意指现在不早起了）形容词 一、概念二、使用形容词的注意事项：1. 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。2. 有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early3. 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数（are）连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry4. 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。the British，the English，the French，the Chinese.5. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -出处-材料性质，类别-名词。跟踪练习练习一：选用恰当的时态，用括号内动词的正确形式填空。Last year Mr. Smith _ (go ) to China and Japan. He _ (have) a wonderful time. He _ (do) a lot of different things and _ (talk) to a great number of different people. He _ (eat) Chinese and Japanese food and _ (visit) a lot of interesting places. When he _ (go) back to England, he _ (be) very tired.练习二：句型转换：写出下列各句的否定形式（在可能的地方用紧缩形式），1.Professor Jennings taught them English in 1990.2.Tom had a wonderful time in xian.3.Mary found her keys in her bedroom.4.Xiao Wangs parents lived in Shanghai ten years ago.5.Jane went to the Great wall two or three times.练习三：用词的适当形式填空1. He ate some bread and _ (drink) some milk.2. _ he _ (finish) his homework last night?3. I_(be) tired yesterday. 4. I _(gain ) Arts degree last year.5. What _ you _ (do) at eight oclock last night?6. My grandfather _ (leave) Hongkong for New York in 1998.7. What _ you _ (do) this time yesterday?练习四：单选()1. _ you _ at six oclock yesterday? A. Do ,get upB. Did, get upC. Do, got upD. Did, got up()2. What did you see _?A. nowB. every dayC. since 1990D. just now()3.He went into the room and _ the door.A. lockB. lockingC. locksD. locked()4. -What _ you _ last week?- I bought a bag.A. did ,buyB. did , boughtC. do, buyD. do, bought()5. -_ he _ his lunch?- Yes, he did.A. Have ,hadB. Had, has C. Did, haveD. Did, had练习五：用词的适当形式填空A week ago, Kitty and Ben _ (be) in the countryside. At first, the wind _ (blow) lightly. The leaves _ (blew) slightly in the wind. They _ (fly) their kite happily in the gentle breeze. Suddenly, the wind _ (become) stronger. The clouds in the sky _ (move) quickly. Leaves _ (fall) from trees. The string on Bens kite _ (break). The sky became dark. Kitty and Ben _ (go ) home immediately. Kitty and Ben _ (stay) at home. They _ (watch) TV. The wind became much stronger. It _ (blow) fiercely. It became a typhoon. Trees fell down. Ships and boats _ (sink) in the big waves. The typhoon _ (pass) quickly. The wind became gentler. The big clean-up _ (begin) immediately. Kitty and Ben went outside again.练习六：用词的适当形式填空1. Last week I _ (buy) a new bike.2. He _ (be) here just now.3. He _ (not find ) his key last night.4. My father _ (drink) a lot of wine yesterday.5. _ you _ (finish) your homework yesterday?6. I _ (eat) some eggs and bread in this morning.7. Her mother _ (not give) the girl any present.8. _ you _ (do ) your housework last night?9. What _ you _ (draw) on that paper just now?10. How many pens _ you _ (bring) yesterday?练习七：按要求写句子1. I didnt buy any books. (改成肯定句)I _ _ books.2. He broke the window just now.（改成一般疑问句）_ he _ the window just now?3. The wind blow gently.（改成过去时）The wind _ _.4. I did my homework （改成否定式）I _ _ my homework.5. The teacher begin her class at eight oclock. （改成过去时）The teacher _ her class at eight oclock.6. I found the book on the ground.（就划线部分提问）_ _ you _ the book?参考答案：一wenthaddidtalkedatevisitedwentwas 二didnt teachdidnt havedidnt finddidnt livedidnt go三dr