英语语法词性和句子成分ppt课件.ppt

英语基础语法复习巩固 1 一 词性的分类 2 一 词性的分类 词类又叫词性 partofspeech 英语单词根据其在句子中的功用 可以分十个大类 1名词nounn 2代词pronounpron 3形容词adjectiveadj 4副词adverbadv 5动词verbv 6数词numeralnum 7冠词articleart 8介词prepositionprep 9连词conjunctionconj 10感叹词interjectioninterj 3 其他词性缩写c 可数名词 countablenoun的缩写u 不可数名词 uncountablenoun的缩写pl 复数 plural的缩写vi 不及物动词 intransitiveverb的缩写vt 及物动词 transitiveverb的缩写 4 you你happy高兴的three三quickly迅速地student学生cut砍 割a一个at在 and和oh哦 pron adj num adv n v art prep conj interj 感叹词 Ex Writedownthepartofspeechofthefollowingwords 5 十大词类名词 表示人或事物的名称形容词 表示人或事物的特征副词 修饰动词 形容词 或其他副词动词 表示动作或状态代词 代替名词 数词数词 表示数量或顺序冠词 限制名词的意义介词 表示名词 代词和其他词的关系连词 连接词与词或句与句 6 二 英语句子成分 7 一 主语 一个句子所叙述的主体 表示句子所说的是 什么人 或 什么事物 1 WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass 2 Smokingdoesharmtothehealth 3 Therichshouldhelpthepoor 4 Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage 主语的位置是 1 一般位于句首或谓语之前 8 Isyourfatheralawyeroradoctor Hasshegotabigflat Shallwehaveaswimwithyourfriends 2 疑问句的主语在系动词 助动词 情态动词之后 Sitdown please Comein please 3 祈使句中主语常省略 9 Gonearethedayswhenfarmersliveinthepoorhouses Nosoonerhadshegivenhimawelcomethanshewentintopreparehimameal Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem Thereisaclockonthewall OncetherelivedakingcalledLear Theregoesthebell 倒装句的主语在系动词 助动词 情态动词之后 Therebe结构中主语在be动词之后 10 名词 代词 数词 动名词 从句 1 One thirdisproduced 2 Runningdoesgoodtothehealth 3 WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided 4 Duringthe1990s Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular 5 Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure 6 Therichshouldhelpthepoor 7 Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage 8 WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass 不定式 名词化的形容词 it作形式主语 真正的主语为后面的不定式 11 1 Honestisafinequalityofhumanbeingsandthereforeweshouldnottelllies 2 Helpothersistohelpourselves 3 DoalotofhouseworkdayandnightmadeCatherinebecomeweakerandweaker 4 Liuxianggotthefirstplaceinthe2004OlympicGamesshockedpeopleallovertheworld 5 Inmyopinion visituniversitiesisjustapopularculture 单句改错 只有一处错误 12 二 谓语 1 简单谓语 由一个动词或动词短语构成 Hepracticesrunningeverymorning Shetakesgoodcareofhersickmother 2 复合谓语 1 情态动词 动词原形 HecanspeakFrenchveryfluently Shedoesn tseemtolikedancing 2 系动词 表语 Thefilmisinteresting Helookedabitexcited 13 6 ItiswarmherealltheyearroundbecauseGuangzhoulocatedinthemiddleofGuangdongprovince 7 TogetpreparedfortheAsianGames Guangzhoubuilt82sportscourtssofar 8 Itnotonlyhavealotofhigh risebuilding butisalsofamousforthescenicspots 9 Canitattractsthetouristsfromhomeandabroad 单句改错 只有一处错误 14 三 宾语 宾语表示动作的对象或承受者 一般位于及物动词和介词后面 1 Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday 2 Pleasetakethemtothewaitingroom 3 Ihavethree 4 Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday 5 Hepretendednottoseeme 6 Maryenjoysplayingthepiano 7 Ithink that heisfitforhisoffice 名词 代词 数词 名词化形容词 不定式短语 动名词短语 从句 15 1 双宾语 间接宾语 直接宾语 Lendmeyourdictionary please 2 复合宾语 宾语 宾补 Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor Weconsidertheanswerwrong 16 四 表语 表语用以说明主语的身份 特征和状态 它一般位于系动词之后 1 YangLiweiisanastronaut 2 That sallIwanttotellyou 3 Threetimesfouristwelve 4 Theweatherhasturnedwarm 5 Thespeechisexcitingandthestudentsareexcited 6 Hishobbyisplayingfootball 7 MyjobistoteachEnglish 8 Ourteacherisn tin Heisout 9 Heisingoodhealth 10 Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad 17 系动词 描述稳定状态 be描述变化或结果 get become turn grow go prove fall描述表象或感官效果 look appear seem smell taste sound feel 描述持续状态 keep stay remain 18 五 定语 起修饰作用 翻译成 的 1 Heisacleverboy 2 Yourhairneedscutting 3 There sonlyonewaytodoit 4 Thereisababygirl 5 Wecannotusesleepingpillsatrandom 6 Theretiredworkerfindlifeboring 7 That sthewaytodoit 8 ThisisamapofChina 9 Canyouhelpmetocleantheroomabove 10 Thecarthat sparkedoutsideismine 19 状语 副词 的位置 1 ShespeaksFrenchfluently 2 Iusuallyeatbreakfastathome 3 Youneedn talwayshelpme 4 Heisalwayscomplaining 5 Thelocalpeopleareverykindtothevisitors 6 Theroomisbigenoughtohold80people 7 Heneverstudies Instead heplaysallday 谓语 宾语 后 频度副词位于被修饰动词前 be动词 助动词 情态动词之后 被修饰词前 enough特殊 修饰全句或起连接作用的副词放在句首 六 状语 修饰动词 形容词 副词或整个句子 20 1 Howaboutmeetingagainatsix 2 Lastnightshedidn tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain 3 Ishallgothereifitdoesn train 4 Mr Smithlivesonthethirdfloor 5 Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare 时间状语 原因状语 条件状语 地点状语 方式状语 状语的种类 21 6 Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand 7 Inordertocatchupwiththeothers Imustworkharder 8 Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately 9 Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold 10 Iamtallerthanheis 伴随状语 目的状语 结果状语 让步状语 比较状语 22 七 补足语 宾语补足语 补充说明宾语 使句意完整 1 HisfathernamedhimDongming 2 Theypaintedtheirboatwhite 3 Pleaselethimin 4 Theteacheradvisedthestudentstohavearest 5 Iseeherenteringasupermarket 6 Hejusthadhishaircut 23 划分句子成份 1 Themachinerunssmoothly 2 Whyhediditwillremainapuzzleforever 3 Theyhavesetupanetworkoffinancialadvicecentre 4 Mr Chen thedirectorofGrade3 isknownforhishumor 5 Themanwenttotheshopwithallthemoneyhehad 24 6 Helefthereatsixinthemorninginordertocatchtheplane 7 OurEnglishteacher MsWang isverykindtous 8 Tooursurprise hehaschangedgreatly 9 Itisnotagoodideatodriveforfourhourswithoutabreak 10 Shewasthesecondtoenterthereadingroom 25 11 Hishairhasturnedgray andlineshaveappearedonhisface 12 Sheislookingintothebox 13 Mr Wutoldusafunnystoryyesterday 14 Heboughtmeapen 15 Wemadehimourmonitor 16 Heaskedmetohelphimoutofthedebt 26 三 句子类型 按结构分1 简单句2 并列句3 复合句 27 简单句 由一个主语 或并列主语 和一个谓语 或并列谓语 构成的句子 即一套主谓关系 AllroadsleadtoRome 1 一个主语和一个谓语动词Theteacherandthechildrenareplaying 2 并列主语和一个谓语动词Hegotup dressedquickly washedhimselfandwentout 3 一个主语和并列谓语TomandMarycameandgavemeapresent 4 并列主语和并列谓语 28 I 简单句的五种基本句型1 主语 不及物动词 Wework 2 主语 系动词 表语 Heisastudent 3 主语 及物动词 宾语 4 主语 及物动词 双宾语 间接宾语 直接宾语 5 主语 及物动词 复合宾语 宾语 宾补 29 判断下列简单句的类型 1 Theproblemishardtosolve 2 Thepenwritessmoothly 3 Ishowedhimmyoldpictures 4 Barkingdogsseldombite 5 WeenjoyourselvesthisNewYear sDaythisyear 6 Helen sfaceturnedred 7 Headmitshismistakes 8 Mothercookedmeadeliciousmeal 9 Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad 10 Newmethodsmakethejobeasy 30 Ex 判断下列句子是简单句 并列句还是复合句 1 WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayaftern