必修2复习资料.doc

B2U11. a cultural relic 文物2. survive on 靠存活下来 survive from 从存活下来survive 本身已表示“幸存；幸免于”，因而不要再加介词in。当survive 意为“比多活多长时间”时，用“A survives B by +时间”3. be amazed at/ by对感到惊奇的 be amazed to do.做感到惊讶的4. select 强调“在广泛的范围内精选、淘汰”，侧重“以客观为标准进行选择”。 Choose 通常指在所提供的对象中，经过考虑，凭个人的判断力进行选择5. design （n）设计；图案；构思 （vt）设计；计划；构思design sth. for指定某物作某用途 be designed for 被打算用来做be designed to do被打算做by design = on purpose 故意地 by accident = by chance 偶然地6. fancy oneself (as sth.) 自命不凡；自负 fancy + n. + (to be ) / as + n. 认为是fancy (sbs ) doing 想像（某人）做某事fancy用做动词，有时用于祈使句，表示惊奇、不相信、震惊等，后接名词或代词作宾语。Fancy meeting you here! 真没想到会在这儿遇到你7. belong为不及物动词，接宾语时需搭配介词to; belong to 无被动语态，不能用于进行时态中。8. in return 作为回报；作为报答 in turn 依次，轮流；反过来；进而9. light 作 v. 时过去式和过去分词有两种形式，要注意区别：light-lit-lit; light-lighted-lighted其中作定语时只能用lighted 的形式，如：一支点着了的蜡烛要说 a lighted candle 而不要说 a lit candle11. wonder （n） 奇迹；神奇的人或事物；惊讶 （v）想知道 Its no wonder (that)/ No wonder (that) 难怪;怪不得10. at war (with) （与）处于交战状态介词at 可表示状态或动作，意为“处于; 从事”At peace 处于和平状态； at breakfast 在吃早餐 at rest 在休息 at table 在吃饭 at work 在工作； at school 在上学On 也可表示“在中”，常见搭配有：on duty / sale / fire / strike/ business / showUnder 表示“在中”，常见搭配有：under way / control / repair/ construction11. furniture 为不可数名词12. in doubt 不肯定的；不确定的 no doubt 无疑的；很可能 without doubt 无疑的；确定的There is no doubt that clause / about 毫无疑问Doubt 在肯定句中后跟whether 或if 引导的从句，但在疑问或否定句中后跟that 引导的从句13. worth/ worthy / worthwhile be (well ) worth doing / sth. / some moneybe worthy to be done / of being done / of sth.it is worthwhile to do / doing sth. 15. take apart 拆开，拆卸 take off 脱掉；拿走；起飞 take over 接管；接收 take in 拿进来；吸收，收容，理解，欺骗 take up 占据；开始从事 take a chance 碰运气；冒险 take advantage of 趁机；利用；欺骗（或愚弄）某人 take by surprise 使吃惊；出其不意；突袭 take effect 见效，起作用 take the place of 代替 take trouble (to do sth.) 费心做某事； take action 采取行动 take turns 轮流 take measures 采取措施；设法 take along 携带去 take away 拿走，带走，剥夺走 take back 取回，归还 take down 取下来，写下来 take on 雇用，承担，呈现 take it easy 放松些，别紧张 take . Into consideration 考虑，体谅，斟酌 take into account 考虑到，顾及到 take pride in 为感到自豪 take ones time 别急，慢慢来 take it for granted 认为理所当然16. prove vt. 证明 +n. +(to be) + adj. / +从句 prove his courage / prove himself wise and brave Vi 证明是；事实说明 + n. / (to be) + adj. （不用被动） 例： As time went by, Einsteins theory proved to be correct. His effort proved a failure17. remain v. 仍然；保持；剩下 Remain + adj. 仍然是 sth. remains to be done有待去做 The remaining money = the money left 剩余的钱例1：The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing.A. seat B. seating C. seated C. to be seating例2：Nothing _ after the terrible fire caused by the careless doorkeeper.A. left B. continued C. kept D. remained18. consider sb. To be / do 认为某人是/做. Consider doing 考虑做某事 Consider sb. As + n. 把看作. Take into consideration 把考虑在内 considering鉴于，考虑到，顾及例： Charlie Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented19. think highly/ well of 看重；高度评价 被动： be well thought of20. the entrance to the mine 矿藏的入口 the key to the door 门的钥匙 the answer to the question 问题的答案B2U21. stand for 代表，象征，表示2. every four years= every fourth year 每四年/每隔三every two days =every second day =every other day3. compete against / with 与某人比赛；竞争 compete for 为争取/赢得而比赛 compete in 参加比赛；在方面竞争4. volunteer n. 志愿者 Adj. 志愿的 v. 自愿 to do sth 自愿做某事5. admit +n./ doing ( having done ) / that-clause 承认某事/ （已经）做了某事admit sb./ sth. to be / as 承认某人/某物是be admitted to (介词) 被录取；被吸收进It is admitted that.人们公认辨析 allow / permit / admitAllow 强调“默许” allow doing / sb. To do Permit 可表“明文规定允许或不允许”。 Permit sb. Doing / permit sb. To do sth.Admit 表承认，当表示允许时 admit sb. To , 这里to 是介词6. a special village is built for them to live inlive in a special village 这里不能把in 丢掉7. Its a great responsibility but also a great honour to be chosen.Honour 是抽象名词，不可数 但当它表示一件光荣的事或一个光荣的人时变为可数名词类似于honour 的这类抽象名词，在指具体的人或物时可转化为可数名词的还有 surprise, failure, success, danger, must, pleasure等8. the stadiums will be built to the east of London.East, south, west, north等方位词，既可以作名词，也可以做副词当作名词时前面要加冠词，做状语前要加介词，如上句当作副词时直接作状语，不加冠词也不需要介词，如上句我们也可说 be built east of London9. charge 收费；控诉；充电charge sb. For sth. 收费，要价 charge sb. With sth. 指控，起诉 charge sb. With murder 控告某人谋杀 free of charge 免费in charge 主管；看管 in the charge of 在的掌管之下 这里不加冠词相当于主动语态，加了冠词相当于被动语态，类似的词组还有In possession 拥有 in the possession of 为 所有 in control of 控制 in the control of 在控制下10. replace=take the place of =be in place of 代替 take place 发生11. bargain vi.讨价还价；讲条件 n. 便宜货 bargain with sb. About / over / for sth. （和某人就某事）讨价还价 make a bargain with sb. 和某人达成协议 a good / bad bargain 买得（不）合算12. deserve vi & vt. 应受（报答或惩罚）；值得 deserve to do 应该 deserve doing= deserve to be done 提示：deserve 后接doing,主动式表被动意义，等于接动词不定式的被动语态。有相同用法的动词还有：need, want, require 等13. as well 也，又，还，相当于too和also 用于肯定句中，用于句尾as well as连接两个相同的成分，连接主语时，谓语动词和as well as 前的主语保持一致，类似的次或短语有：with, along with, together with, but, besides, rather than 等may / might as well do 表委婉的建议，表“我们不妨，我们还是吧，最好，满可以，倒不如may well do 完全能，很可能，相当于to be very likely to14. work out 解决，计算出；设计，安排；进行锻炼，训练 work at 从事，致力于，钻研 work on 继续工作，继续 work for 努力促成，为工作 15. No other country could join in, nor could slaves or women!别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！表示也不 nor/ neither +系动词/助动词/情态动词+另一个主语表示也 so +系动词/助动词/情态动词+另一个主语So it is (was) with +另一个主语，既能表示肯定意义，又能表否定意义，其主要用于以下情况：1）上下文有两个分句；2）上下文有两个（或两个以上）不同谓语；3）上下文既有肯定也有否定So+主语+系动词/助动词/情态动词 表示说话者赞同前句所提到的情况，其中的so表“不错；确实如此”主语+do+so 表示某人这样做 例：“Breathe deeply”says the doctor. Tom does so.例：If you dont go to Toms party, _.A. I dont go either B. so will I C. neither will I D. nor do I If 引导条件状语从句用一般 现在时表将来，主句要用将来时16. win glory for oneself 为自己争光17. marry 结婚，嫁，娶 marry sb. To 把嫁给；get married to 表动作；be married to 表状态18. promise to do sth. 承诺做某事 promise sb. To do sth. 向某人保证去做某事 keep/ hold ones promise 遵守承诺 make give a promise 许诺 promising 有前途的，有希望的19. one after another陆续地；一个接一个地20. how often 对“频率”进行提问once a week how soon 对“多快”进行提问in two weeks. how long 对“多久”进行提问for four years21. pick up 拾起，捡起；（用车）接，搭载，（偶然）得到，学会，收听 pick out 挑出，选好，辨别出；认出；看清楚22. be active in 积极参加；在方面很积极23. make sure 确定；弄清楚；务必24. Theres as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.有关asas的短语As soon as 一就. As / so long as 只要 as much / many as 多达; 达到之多 so / as far as 远至；就而言 as well as 也；又 asas possible 尽可能 as good as 实际上；几乎等于25. get lost 丢失，属于由“get+过去分词/过去分词式形容词”构成的被动语态。类似：get burnt 烧伤 get hurt 受伤 get lost 迷路 get married 结婚 get paid 领工资 get caught in 受困于B2U31. have sth. in common 有一些共同之处 in common with 和一样辨析：common / ordinary / usualCommon 侧重“普通”，表“时时发生；人所共有”，并含“并不高贵，地位低下”反义词： rare a common saying 俗语 a common wish 一个共同愿望Ordinary 侧重“平凡的，普通的”表“随时可以碰到，不值得惊奇” 反义词 superiorUsual 指“通常的，惯常的”“随集体风俗或个人习惯而常常发生2. solve problems 解决问题3. calculation n. 计算，推算 be calculated to do sth. 打算或计划做某calculate on doing sth. 指望或依靠某事物4. as time went by / with time going by 随着时间的推移5. 辨析 symbol / sign / signal / markSymbol 指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物Sign 普通用词，指人们公认的事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆Signal 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号Mark 既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征6. share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物7. as a result 结果8. arise from 由而引起，由而产生 arise 作“呈现，出现，发生”时，主语多为以下抽象名词：argument / problem / quarrel / question / movement arise 为不及物动词，没有被动语态arise (vi.) 出现，发生，起因于 arose arisen arisingarouse(vt.) 唤醒，激起 aroused- aroused arousingrise (vi) 升起，起身，增长，上升 rose risen risingraise (vt.) 举起，唤起，提高，饲养 raised raised - raising9. provide / supply/offer区别 offer 指“提出，提供，呈现”，表示向别人提供可接受也可拒绝的某物，如帮助、服务或物品，这可能是对方要求也可能是自己主动提出的。例如：He offered me a job, but I didnt accept. offer还有出价的意思。provide 指“供给，提供，装备，准备”，强调有预见，并通过储存或准备的方式为某事做准备，以在需要时提供所需物品。例如：We provided them (with) board and lodging. 我们给他们提供食宿。牵涉到金钱时，provide往往含有“免费供给”的意味，supply一般需付钱。supply 指“供给，补充，弥补”，还可作名词，意为“供给（量），物资，存货”。例如：We are well supplied with foods. 我们的食品供给充足。10. in a way 在某种程度上；稍稍 in this way 用这种方式 by the way 顺便说 in no way 决不 in the / ones way 妨碍某人 lose ones way 迷路 on the / ones way 在路上 make ones way to 前进 by way of 经由，途经 give way to 让步，屈服11. with the help of 在的帮助下 cant help doing sth. 禁不住做某事 cannot help but to do 不得不做某事，只得做某事help sb. Out 帮助某人渡过难关、摆脱困难 help sb. With sth. 帮助某人做某事help oneself to 自用（食物）；擅自取用12. watch over 看守；监视；照看 watch for 留意，观察等待 watch out for 警惕或注意；提防 keep (a) watch on 监视13. from then on 从那时开始 一般用一般过去时； from now on, 从现在起，一般用一般将来时14. 辨析 technology 与 techniqueTechnology主要是强调科学方面的比较宏观的技术Technique 表技巧，比较微观15. human race 人类16. deal with 处理；安排；对付 How to deal with it? What to do with it?17. personal computer=PC 个人电脑18. artificial intelligence 人工智能19. WWW=the World Wide Web 万维网由普通名词构成的专有名词，表示国家、党派、组织机构、报刊、朝代、江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛等前，应加定冠词the 例：the Yellow River, the United States, the Peoples Daily (中国日报)，the Tang Dynasty20. imagine doing 想像做某事21. by +过去时间，对应过去完成时。如：By the 1940s I had grown as large as a room.By +将来时间，对应将来完成时。如：You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.22. by oneself 单独地，独自地，独立地 例：The boy went abroad by himselffor oneself 为自己，替自己，亲自 例：Do you have anything to say for yourself.To oneself 暗自，私下地，单独所有。 例：He said to himself, “I cant do such a thing”Be oneself 身心健康 例：Im glad you are yourself again.In oneself 本身，本性 例：Yours is not a bad idea in itself.B2U41. look 短语: look up 查寻；向上看，仰视 look up to(to 介词) 尊敬；钦佩=admire look down 俯瞰，朝下看 look down on / upon 蔑视，看不起 look on 旁观 look on /upon as 把.看作 look out 小心 look out for 留意找；设法得到 look over 检查，过目； look through 仔细检查，粗略地看一遍； look into 调查，向里面看； look back 回头看，回顾； look forward to (to 介词) 盼望； look after 照顾； look around/ about 环顾四周 2. the endangered animas 濒危动物3. bring 短语：bring in 带进来；引进；引入；赚钱 bring back 1）把带回来 2）使回想起 3）使恢复 bring forward提出 bring up 养育，培养，呕吐,提出 bring about 引起，导致 bring down 使下降，使减价，使倒下； bring out 拿出，推出，显现出； bring along 拿来，带来 bring back to life 使又恢复（苏醒） In 短语： get in 收割，收获，上（轿车，出租车） take in 吸收，收容，欺骗 cut in 打岔，插话 break in 闯入，打岔 drop in 顺访，访问 on sb./ at sp. call in 请来，收回 give in 屈服，让步 turn in 交出，上交3. in peace 和平地，和睦地，安详地4. in danger (of) 在危险中；垂危5. in relief 如释重负；松了口气6. long to do sth. 盼望/ 渴望做某事 long for sth. 渴望，很想有7. burst into sth. = burst out doing 例：burst into laughter = burst out laughing burst out crying=burst into tears a burst of laughter 一阵大笑8. respond /answer/ reply辨析 answer 作“回答”讲时，较常用，我们既可以说 a question,回答问题，也可以说 the doorbell,听见门铃响去开门，还可以说 the telephone,接电话。 reply较正式，除了后面跟直接引语或以that开始的句子外，一般只用作不及物动词，后面连用to,表示回答别人的问题（话语、信件、祝贺、攻击等）：Do you have any suggestions as to how we should to his questions?关于如何回答他的问题，你有没有什么建议？ respond 作“答”、“回答”讲，为正式用语，常与介词to连用。通常只对号召、职责、请求、紧急情况等作出反应或回应。She never ed to his opinion.她从未对他的意见作出过反应。/I greeted him, but he didnt . 我跟他打招呼，但他没理我. 9. without mercy 毫不留情地 10. protect from/ prevent from/ stop from/ keepfrom 阻止某人做某事11. reserve vt. 保留，保存，预订 sth. for sb. /sth. 为保留 tickets, rooms 预订票、房间12. certain 某，某些 a certain number of animals 一些动物 some 也可以表示某一，但some 前不能加a， 所以a certain number of animals = some number of animals13. contain vt. 包含；容纳；克制（强烈的感情）；抑制辨析：contain / include /including /includedContain 意为“包含，含有，容纳，里面装有”，指的是包含的全部内容或容量，也可指里面所含的成分，不用进行时态Include 意为“包含；连在内，计入，包括”，用于表示所包含之物中的一部分，其后的宾语往往是主语的一部分Including 可以作介词，放在所包括的东西之前 Many people like tennis, including meIncluded 是过去分词性质的形容词，放在所包括的东西之后 Many people like tennis, me included.例：This book contains ten units, including two main revisions.14. affect vt. 影响；感到；（疾病）侵袭 be affected by 被所感动 effect n. 影响；效力，疗效；作用 have an effect on=affect15. pay attention to (to介词) 注意 draw / catch / attract ones attention to 引起的注意 fix ones attention on 聚精会神于16. appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激；意识到 appreciate doing I would appreciate it if 假如我将不胜感激Appreciate 等表示喜恶的词其后不直接跟if 或when 引导的从句，若语义上需要接这类从句，需用it 作形式宾语17. be harmful to = do harm to 对有害18. succeed (in) doing sth. 成功 succeed vt. 接替；继任 Spring succeeds winter19. come into being/ existence 形成；产生 come into effect 开始生效 come into power / office 就职，上台执政 come into use / service 开始被使用 come into sight / view 看得见20. They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being.千百万年前恐龙就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多。Long before 相当于 long long ago, 意为“很久以前”，常用于过去时或过去完成时的句子中作时间状语，before 后边可以跟从句Before long 相当于soon 或 a little later, 意为“不久；不久以后”，常与将来时、过去时态连用，在句中作状语，不可以直接加从句。21. according to 根据B2U51. roll v. 滚动；（使）摇摆 n. 摇晃；面包圈； rocknroll (rock-and-roll) 摇滚乐2. folk adj. 民间的 folk music 民间音乐3. pretend vt. 假装；假扮 Pretend to do Pretend to be doing Pretend to have done4. to be honest 说老实话；实话说5. attach great importance to doing 认为重要 attach significance / value /weight to sth.6. passer-by n. 过路人；行人 pl. passers-by Grown-up - grown-ups a woman doctor - women doctors 规律：有主体名词的合成名词的复数形式一般加在主体名词后 无主体名词的合成名词的复数形式一般是最后一个名词改为复数 由man, woman 作定语修饰另一个名词时，其复数形式两者都要变7. dream a dream做梦8. make records制唱片 break the record 打破纪录9. play jokes on戏弄=play tricks on10. rely vi. 依赖；依靠 rely on (sb. To do sth.) 依靠某人做某事 adj. reliable可依赖的11. sb. be familiar with sth. Sth. be familiar to sb.12. break up 解散；（会议）结束，（组织）解体，（学校）放假；与某人绝