（新课标大纲解读）高考英语 重点 难点 核心考点全演练 专题06 动词与动词短语.docVIP

专题06 动词与动词短语动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词类，它是构成句子的核心，是一个句子中不可缺少的成分。在考试大纲及考试说明中，动词占总词汇量的1/3以上，起着举足轻重的作用。动词和动词短语在历年高考题中所占比例最大，着重考查在不同的语境中对动词及动词短语的应用，以测试学生对基础知识的掌握程度。考纲要求考生在复习备考中主要掌握以下几个方面：动词的词义；动词搭配；及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法；熟记高频动词构成的短语的用法(例如：break，bring，call，come，cut，give，go，get，hold，look，make，put，set，take，turn等)。1(2013湖北，23)while intelligent people can often_the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.asacrifice bsubstitute csimplify dsurvive2(2013福建，28)oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks _ in disasters.aturn down bturn out cbreak down dbreak out3(2013湖北，24)according to the law, all foreigners have to_with the local police within two weeks of arrival.aassociate bdispute cnegotiate dregister4(2013江苏，23)the town is so beautiful! i just love it.me too.the character of the town is well _.aqualified bpreserved cdecorated dsimplified5(2013江苏，29)team leaders must ensure that all members _ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.aget over blook over ctake over dcome over6(2013陕西，25)my uncle hasnt been able to quit smoking，but at least he has _.acut out bcut down ccut up dcut off7(2013天津，2)if you are in trouble，mike is always willing to_a hand.alend bshake cwave dwant8(2013新课标，23)try not to cough more than you can_since it may cause problems to your lungs.acheck ballow cstop dhelp9(2013浙江，9)when the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to _ it with important points.aconclude blead cavoid dhold10(2013浙江，12)a good listener takes part in the conversation，_ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.arealizing bcopyingcoffering dmisunderstanding考点1、动词意义的辨析【例1】 recently，these companies have _ some workers becames of the drop in economy.ahired bdismissed crefused demployed【例2】 when his brother was to cross the street，he was knocked down by a truck and badly _.ainjured bdamaged charmed ddestroyed考点2、动词的固定搭配【例3】 i _ it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products.amake blook ctake dthink【例4】 her shoes _ her dress，they look very well together.asuit bfit ccompare dmatch【特别提醒】英语中一些动词虽然词形相近，但意义不同(1)动词adapt, adjust, adopt的用法比较。adapt意为“改编，(使)适应”，常用结构为adapt (oneself) to .或be adapted to表示“改变自己以适应”。adjust意为“调整，调节，使适合”，常用结构为adjust (oneself) to .表示“适应”。adopt意为“收养，领养；采用”。(2)动词arouse, arise, rise, raise的用法比较。arouse意为“引起，激起；唤醒”。arise不及物动词，意为“发生，产生”。rise不及物动词，意为“上升，上涨”。raise及物动词，意为“抬高，举起，饲养，提出，筹集”。(3)动词acquire, require, request的用法比较。acquire及物动词，意为“(通过努力)取得，获得，学到”，其名词形式为acquirement。require及物动词，意为“需要，命令”，其名词形式为requirement。request及物动词，意为“请求，要求”，其名词形式仍为request。(4)动词expose, export, explode, explore的用法比较。expose意为“使暴露，使曝光，使遭受”，常用结构为expose sb/sth to表示“使暴露于或遭受；使接触”。export意为“出口，输出”。explode不及物动词，意为“爆炸”。explore意为“探索，探测”。考点3、系动词的辨析【例5】 the effect of the medicine on this kind of disease remains _.aseen bto be seen cseeing dto see【例6】 on hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine，she _ pale.agot bchanged cwent dappeared【例7】 it was already past midnight and only three young men _ in the tea house.aleft bremained cdelayed ddeserted【特别提醒】英语中系动词主要分为三种(1)状态及表像系动词be, appear, seem, look, feel, taste, sound, smell等。he is a great scientist.他是一位伟大的科学家。cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来软软的。he appears a normal person.他看起来是一个正常的人。(2)持续系动词remain, keep, stay, lie, stand等。he always keeps silent at meetings.他开会时总保持沉默。the weather still remained cold in april.四月的天气仍然很冷。he stayed single all his life.他打了一辈子的光棍。(3)变化系动词become, turn, get, grow, go, fall, come, run等。she grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就变得富有了。he became famous as a writer.他成了著名作家。his face went red with anger.他气得满脸通红。考点4、不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析【例8】 the present situation is very complex，so i think it will take me some time to _ its reality.amake up bfigure out clook through dput off【例9】 you had better _ some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.aset aside btake up cput away dgive out难点1、由同一动词与介词或副词构成的短语辨析【例1】 its going to rain.xiao feng，will you please help me _ the clothes on the line?aget off bget back cget in dget on【例2】 i tried phoning her office, but i couldnt _.(2009全国)aget along bget on cget to dget through【特别提醒】与不同介词(副词)搭配的动词(1)breakbreak away from脱离break down坏掉；出故障；垮掉break into闯入，破门而入break out(战争)爆发break in破门而入break off打断；中断break up打碎；(物理)分解；分开；结束；制止(2)callcall for需要，邀请call on/at号召；访问call in召集；召来call up召唤；召集；打电话call off取消(3)comecome about发生come across偶遇come to共计，达到，苏醒come true变为现实come up走上前，被提出come up with提出come into being形成come into use投入使用(4)getget about四处走动；传开get across传达get away逃脱，设法离开get down下来；记下get in收割；到达get off出发；下班get together聚会get through接通；通过get down to开始认真干get over克服get along/on with进展；相处get up起身，起床(5)givegive up放弃give in屈服give out用尽；分发give away泄露；赠送；颁发give off发出give back归还；使恢复(6)gogo against违背；对不利go ahead开始，进展，进行go after/for追逐，追求go without勉强维持；凑合go in for爱好，参加；从事go through通过；经历；审查go over复习；仔细审查go by过去，经过(7)holdhold back隐瞒；控制(情感)hold out维持；抵抗；硬撑hold up使耽搁hold on坚持；别挂(电话)hold together团结一致hold on to保留，抓住不放(8)makemake up for补偿，弥补make out辨认出make fun of取笑make up ones mind下定决心make sense有道理(意义)，讲得通make good/full use of充分利用make up编造；组成；构成；补齐；凑足(9)putput aside把放在一边put away把收好put down扑灭，平息put forward提出put off延期；推诿put out扑灭；生产put up挂起，张贴；搭起；为某人提供食宿put up with忍受，容忍 (10)turnturn down拒绝；调低turn in上交turn out结果是，证明是turn over移交，交给turn up出现；调高turn off关掉turn on打开turn away走开turn to求助于；翻到难点2、由同一介词或副词与动词构成的短语辨析【例3】 in modern times，people have to learn to _ all kinds of pressure although they are leading a comfortable life.akeep with bstay with cmeet with dlive with【例4】 _ a moment and i will go to your rescue.ago on bhold on cmove on dcarry on【特别提醒】含有相同介词或副词的高频动词短语(1)动词outturn outpoint outpick outfigure outburst outbring outcarry outset outmake outleave outkeep outwork outrun outcheck outgo out (3)动词offstart offset offleave offshow offsee sb offfall offkeep offcarry offpay off(4)动词backkeep backhold backput backgive backcall backtake back(5)动词awaythrow awayblow awaycarry awayclear awaydie awaygive awaypass awaywash awaysend away turn away难点3、动词+副词+介词短语的辨析【例5】 have you _ some new ideas?yeah.ill tell you later.acome about bcome into ccome up with dcome out with难点4、动词+名词+介词短语的辨析【例6】 the media can often help solve problems and draw attention _ situations _ help is needed.ain；that bto；which cin；where dto；where【特别提醒】该类试题的常考点有keep/bear.in mind牢记burst into tears突然大哭catch up with赶上come up with提出come into use开始使用date back to追溯到，始于get away from逃离keep an eye on照看，注意keep.in touch(与)保持联系look forward to盼望look down upon轻视make sense of弄懂make a difference起作用make the best of充分利用make up for弥补，补偿make room for与腾出空间o effect使生效put up with忍受，容忍take advantage of利用take part in参加take pride in以为自豪keep up with跟上，与保持联系难点5、使役动词【例7】 you look upset.whats the matter?i had my proposal _ again.aturned over bturned on cturned off dturned down【例8】 my parents have always made me _ about myself, even when i was twelve.afeeling well bfeeling goodcfeel well dfeel good【特别提醒】常见的使役动词have, make, get, let的用法：1have/make/let sb do sth以及get sb to do sth此结构表示“让某人干某事”。the teacher had/made/let some students stay in the classroom after school.放学后老师让一些学生仍呆在教室里。温馨提示：make如果是被动语态时后面要用带to的不定式。he was made to work day and night.他被迫日夜工作。2have/make/get sth (sb) done此结构表示“让被做”。过去分词充当宾语补足语，宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动关系。she has/gets/makes her hair cut once a month.她每月理一次头发。3have sth/sb doing sth此结构表示“让(使)某人一直做某事”或“让(使)某物处于某种状态”。the two men had their lights burning all night long.那两个人让灯亮了一整夜。1thousands of visitors were _ to the xian international horticultural exposition the day it opened.aadopted baccepted cattracted dattached2i didnt want to drive all the way to new york by myself，so i _ anna，my best friend of ten years，to ride with me.aconvinced bconsulted cadopted dadmitted3when the book，twilight，was first _，it was immediately well received by readers.abrought up bbrought downcbrought about dbrought out 4do you know why the teacher asks for m