大学英语精读第三册10-12.doc

Book ThreeLesson Tenacclamation ;QKLEMeIS nU1.(formal)loud and enthusiastic approve or welcome 喝彩;欢呼；欢迎. 2. (technical) the act of electing sb. using a spoken not written vote (口头表决) 拥护，赞成: The decision was taken by acclamation.常用短语approved by acclamation鼓掌通过vote by acclamation:鼓掌表决；欢呼投票词形变化acclaim（ac一再+claim一再喊欢呼）vt. 称赞；为喝彩，向欢呼n. 称赞；欢呼，喝彩vi. 欢呼，喝彩automatonO:tOMEtEn n. (pl. automatons or automata) 1.a person who behaves like a machine, without thinking or feeling anything不动脑筋机械行事的人. 2 .a machine that moves without human control; a small robot自动操作装置；小机器人词汇辨析automation 自动化barrel BQREL n. 1.a large round container, usually made of wood or metal, with flat ends and, usually curved sides桶. 2any of various units of capacity 一桶（的量或东西）: A barrel of beer is 31 gallons and a barrel of oil is 42 gallons. 3a tube through which a bullet travels when a gun is fired 枪管常用短语 a barrel of laughs很有趣；开心；快乐(get/have sb.)over a barrel 听从摆布，处于被动地位补充意义 vt.to move fast in a particular direction, especially in a way that you cannot control（无法控制地）高速行进，飞奔He came barreling down the hill and smashed into a phone booth.他沿山坡飞奔下来，撞在了一个电话亭上。cask KA:sKn. 1.the quantity a cask will hold 木桶，酒桶. 2.a cylindrical container that holds liquids 一桶（的量）常用短语 a wine cask or a cask of wine补充意义v.装入酒桶chivalrousSIvLREs adj. (of men男人)polite, kind and behaving with honour, especially towards women（尤指男人对女人）彬彬有礼的，殷勤的，体贴；A cup or plate that, according to medieval legend, was used by Jesus at the Last Supper and that later became the object of many chivalrous quests.词形变换 chivalrously adv.cloak KLEuk n. 1. a loose outer garment (尤指旧时的)披风，斗篷. 2. anything that covers or conceals遮盖物： His friendly behavior was a cloak for his evil intention.他友好的举止是其邪恶意图的遮丑布。补充意义v. hide under a false appearance遮盖；掩盖：He cloaked his evil purpose under sweet words.他用甜言蜜语掩盖着他邪恶的目的。常用短语cloak sth. (in sth.)cloak-and-dagger 神秘兮兮的，秘密的command KEMA:nd n. 1. Can order given to a person or an anima（给人或动物的）命令：Begin when I give the command.我发出命令开始. 2.Can instruction given to a computer指令，命令：Received command to return control to primary controller. 已收到恢复主控制器控制的命令. 3.Ucontrol and authority over a situation or a groups of people控制；管辖；指挥：The army is under his direct command. 陆军是在他的直接指挥之下。I advised him to command his temper.我劝他控制自己的脾气。She commanded the admiration of music lovers all over the world. 她受到世界各地音乐爱好者的尊重。Who is in command here? 这里谁负责. 4a military unit or region under the control of a single officer(陆军、空军等的)兵团，指挥部，军区，司令部：Bomber Command. 5. Uavailability for use 掌握，运用能力：Applicants will be expected to have a good command of English.申请者必须精通英语。常用短语at your command 可自由使用；可自由支配be at sb.s command 听从某人吩咐；听从某人的支配。补充意义v.1 I, T (of sb. in authority) tell (sb) that he must do sth; order （指有权者）叫（某人）必须做某事; 命令: Do as I command (you). 照我命令（你的）去做. The officer commanded his men to fire. 军官命令士兵开火. 2 I, T have authority (over sb/sth); be in control (of) 有（支配某人某事物）的权力; 控制: Does seniority give one the right to command? 难道年长资深就有权发号施令吗? 3.T no passive 不用于被动语态 be able to use (sth); have at ones disposal 能使用（某事物）; 由某人随意支配; 掌握; 掌管:She commands great wealth, i.e. is very rich. 她很富有. A government minister commands the services of many officials. 政府部长掌管许多官员的工作. The house commands a fine view, i.e. A fine view can be seen from it. 从这所房子处可一览优美景色. 4. T no passive 不用于被动语态 deserve and get (sth) 应得; 值得; 博得: Great men command our respect. 伟人受到我们尊敬. everyones sympathy.5 T no passive 不用于被动语态 (of a place, fort, etc) be positioned so as to control (sth) （指地方、 堡垒等）因地利而能控制（某事物）: The castle commanded the entrance to the valley. 该城堡控制著峡谷的入口. command-in-chief总司令，最高统帅contented kEntentid. adj. usually before noun, showing or feeling happiness or satisfaction, especially because your life is good.（尤指因生活好而)）满意的；He was contented because he was wealthy, and wealthy because he was contented.他因为富有所以满足，又因为满足所以富有。词语补充contentkEntent noun.pl 1.thing that are contained in something 所容纳之物；所含之物；内容。The police emptied her bag and examined the contents. 警察倒出她包中的东西检查。2.the different sections that contained in a book 目录，目次e.g. a table of content 目录3.the amount of a substance that is contained in sth. else 含量，容量No other food has so high an iron content.没有别的食物有这么高的含铁量。4.contentment满意，满足:The cat lay stretched out beside the fire in sleepy content.那只猫伸展四肢躺在炉边睡得很满足。Adj. (with sth.)happy and satisfied with what you have.满意的，满足的:Now that she has apologized, I am content.既然她已经道了歉, 我也就满意了。 to do sth :willing to do sth I was content to wait .我愿意等候Verb.1 yourself with sth. : to accept and be satisfied with sth. And not try to have or do sth better满足，满意:Martina contented herself with a single glass of wine. 玛蒂娜只喝一杯葡萄酒就心满意足了。2.（formal）to make sb. Feel happy or satisfied 使满足，使满意:Simple praise is enough to content him.简单的称赞就能使他满足了。常用短语be content to do sth. 乐于做某事be content with 沉迷满足于cry content with 对.表示满意cry content to 对.表示满意to ones hearts content 心满意足， 尽情地content oneself with 满足于， 对.感到满足词形变换 contentedly adv.心满意足地discontentedly adj. 不满意的典型考题 Im _ where Im now.A. content to remain B. contented withC. contenting with D. contented to试题详解答案为A，表”愿意、满意.”时，短语常用be content with 或者 be content to do, content 为形容词，故选A, 意为“我下面在很愿意住在这里”。convert kEnvE:t con-(一起，相互)+vert -（turn）verb. 1. to change or make sth change from one form, use or system, etc. to another (使) 转换，转变，转化 (+to/into) They converted the garage into a theater. 他们将车库改成戏院。2To change or make sb. Change their religion or beliefs ( sth from /to sth) （使）改变（宗教或者信仰）；使皈依，归附: The priest converted many natives into Christianity. 这个牧师使许多土著居民改信基督教.3. to exchange or replace with another , usually of the same kind or category.兑换:He wanted to convert his dollars into Japanese yen. 他想将美元换成日币。4To change an opinion, a habit: I have converted to organic food. 我改吃有机食物了。5. a try (in ruby橄榄球) to gain extra points by kicking the ball over the goal (把球踢过球门而)获得附加分。noun. A person who has changed their region , beliefs or opinions 皈依者，改变宗教的人典型考题Many churches were involved in missionary activities at that time. They wanted to _ all people to their religion.A. exchange B. transferC. change D. convert试题详解 为D，convert 表示“（使）改变（宗教或者信仰）”词形变换convertible adj. 可改变的，可兑换的 convertibility noun. 活动顶蓬式汽车converter noun, 转换器corps kO:p noun. C+sing/pl.v. people associated together 对，团:A corps of doctors arrived to inoculate the recruits.一队医生来给新兵打防疫针。2, a military formation hat comprises two or more divisions and additional support arms. 军团，特种部队:The corps areis assembling near this town.军团正在本城镇附近集结。They were then beating up volunteers for the corps. 当时他们正在为军团募集志愿兵。习惯用语army corps军团Signal corps陆军通讯兵the C-of Engineers美陆军工兵部队Ordnance C-军械技术兵种a diplomatic corps外交使团a dare-to-die corps敢死队flying corps航空队ambulance corps 野战卫生队Civil Defense Corps民防团（尤指帮助防空工作的）corruptkErVptadj.1.( of people ) willing to use their o get an advantage贪污的，受贿的腐败的:She wrote a book declaiming against our corrupt society. 她写了一本书抨击我们这腐败的社会.2.（of behavior）dishonest or immoral 不诚实的，不道德的:The whole system is inefficient and corrupt. 整个系统都效率低下并且腐败.3. ( of computer ) containing changes or faults, and no longer in originate state已变换的，有缺陷的，有错误的：The test on the disk seems to be corrupt. 这张磁盘上的文件好像有错误Verb. 1. to have a bad effect on sb. and make them behave in an immoral or dishonest way. 使腐化，使堕落：He was corrupted by power and ambition. 权利和野心使他腐化和堕落 2. to change the original form of sth. , so that it is damaged or spoiled in some way. 破坏，损坏 a corrupted form of Buddhism一种蜕变了的佛教 3. to cause mistakes to appear in a computer file, etc. with the results that the information in it no longer correct 引起（计算机文件等的）错误，破坏：The program has somehow corrupted the system files.这程序莫名其妙的导致了系统文件出错。词形变换 corruptible adj. 易腐蚀的，可收买的corruption noun. 腐败，贪污corruptly adv. 贪污地，腐败地creed kri:d noun. 1. a set of principles or religious beliefs信念，原则，宗教原则:The laws apply to everyone irrespective of race, color, or creed. 法律对人人都适用，不分种族，肤色或信仰。 2. sing.the written body of teachings of a religious group that are generally accepted by that group 使徒的信条currency kVrEnsi noun. 1.C,Uthe metal or paper medium of exchange that is presently used 货币:The exchange rate is the price of one currency expressed in terms of another currency. 汇率是指，一种币用另一种币来表示的价格。2. U the fact that sth. Is used or accepted by a lot of people 通用，流行:The qualification has gained currency of all over the world. 这种资格在全世界得到了普遍认可。词汇拓展in common currency 信用纸币floating currency 浮动通货forced currency 强制通货foreign currency 外汇, 外币forged paper currency 伪造纸币fractional currency 辅币free convertible currency 可自由兑换通货货币hand-to-hand currency 现金high power currency 强力通货货币inflated currency 膨胀的通货international reserve currency 国际储备货币invalid currency 失效通货key currency 主要通货labor currency 劳工通货leading currency 主要通货managed currency 管理通货metallic currency 金属货币, 硬币常用短语 acquire currency 开始广泛传播; (词或成语等)为群众所习用gain currency 开始广泛传播; (词或成语等)为群众所习用obtain currency 开始广泛传播; (词或成语等)为群众所习用gain currency with 流行开, 流通开, 得到.信任give currency to 散布.find currency among 在.中间得以流行起来diplomatdiplEmQtnoun.1.(old-fashioned)a person whose job is to represent his or her country in a foreign country 外交官:The diplomat was very good at heading off awkward questions. 那外交家很善于回避使人感到尴尬的问题。2. a person who is skilled at dealing with other people 善于交际的人，通权达变的人:The lady is a diplomat.那位女士是个善于交际的人。词形变换 diplomatic adj. 外交的，圆滑的diplomacy noun. 外交，外交手腕discard diskA:d v. 源出“打扑克牌时将纸牌）扔出” 1. T sb./sth : to get rid of sth that you no longer want or need 丢弃，抛弃，遗弃，扔掉，废弃不用：She discarded old believes.2.I;T (in card games) to get rid of a card you do not want (在纸牌游戏中)垫（牌），打出（无用的牌）：Youve got to discard before you can pick up another card.常用短语go into the discard废弃不用；被遗弃补充意义 diskA:d n. a person or a thing that is not wanted or thrown away , especially a card in a card game 被抛弃的人（或物）；（尤指）打出的牌词形变换 discardable adj. 可废弃的典型考题Before we move, we should _some of the old furniture, so that we can have more room in the new house. A. discard B. dissipate C. cancels D. conceal试题详解答案A.句意：搬家之前，我们应该丢弃一些旧家具，这样我们就能给新家腾出更多的空间。A. discard丢弃，放弃，抛弃；B. dissipate使（云雾等）消散，驱散（忧虑等）；浪费（时间等），挥霍（金钱等）；C. cancel取消；抵消；删去；表示取消计划中的事情，取消协议；D. conceal隐藏。doctrine dXktrin n. 1. C,U a belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a Church, a political party, etc.教义；主义；学说；信条：We naturally associate the name of Darwin with the doctrine of evolution. Christian doctrine 基督教教义. The Doctrine of the Mean 中庸2. C 尤美 (Doctrine) a statement of government policy (政府政策的)正式声明：the Monroe Doctrine 罗门主义词形变换doctrinaire adj. strictly following a theory in all circumstances, even if there are practical problems or disagreement 教条主义的；空谈理论的；脱离实际的：doctrinaire attitudes/beliefs/polices.doctrinal adj. relating to a doctrine or doctrines教条的；学说的；主义的。earthenware E:TEnweE n. U ceramic ware made of porous clay fired at low heat 陶器；瓦器：She made sure that the glassware and earthenware were always spotlessly clean.补充意义 adj. made of very hard baked clay 陶制的：an earthenware bowl.相关构词software 计算机软件hardware 计算机硬件；五金器具glassware 玻璃器具 silverware 银器 kitchenware 厨房用具elaborate IlQbErEt 1.adj. usually before a n. very complicated and detailed; carefully prepared and organized 复杂的；详尽的；精心制作的：She made an elaborate study of Shakespeares works.2. v. I (on/upon); T add details, as to an account or idea; clarify the meaning of and discourse in a learned way, usually in writing 详尽阐述；详细描述: The minister did not elaborate on his plan. She went on to elaborate her argument.3. v. T to develop a plan, an idea, etc. and make it complicated or detailed 详细制作；精心制作：Good design consists of a number of stages, which progressively elaborate the design.词形变换elaborately adv. 精心制作的；详尽的；煞费苦心的: an elaborately decorated roomelaboration n. U, C 苦心经营，精巧；详细阐述: The importance of the plan needs no further elaboration.elbow elbEU 1. n. the joint between the upper and lower parts of the arm where it bends in the middle 肘；肘部：I leant my elbows on the desk.2. n. the part of a sleeve that covers the elbow joint （衣服的）肘部：Ive gone through the elbows of my sweater.3. n. a length of pipe (or chimney) with a sharp bend in it (管子、烟囱等的) 弯处；弯头。4. v. T + adv. / prep. to push sb with your elbow, usually in order to get past them 用肘推；用肘挤：She elbowed her way into the best circles. 常用短语at ones elbow在(某人)手边，在(某人)近旁，伸手可及，唾手可得give sb. the elbow (BrE infml.)a. 把 (某人) 挤到一边b. 排挤某人，排斥某人；(尤指)与某人断绝关系out at (the) elbows (衣衫)露肘的；衣衫褴褛的；(人)贫困的，经济拮据的，手头紧的，缺钱用的rub /touch elbows with与(名人等)交往；与(非同一社会阶层的人)接近 up to the elbow in / with a. 非常忙，忙于 (工作等) ，埋头于b. 深深卷入；(债台)高筑elbow grease infml. 苦干；（尤指费劲的）擦拭，清洁 ：Elbow grease gives the best polish. 谚语使劲擦，才能把东西擦亮。(苦干出细活)elbow room infml. 足够活动的空间；足以走进的地方：A teacher should give his students elbowroom.elegant elEgEnt adj. 1. (of people or their behavior) graceful and attractive 文雅的；优美的；漂亮的：Only black can go with her elegant style.2.（of clothes, places and things）attractive and designed well 漂亮雅致的；陈设讲究的；精美的：The elegant tea set is a wedding gift from my aunt.3.（of plan or idea）clever but simple 简练的；简洁的；简明的：His elegant piece of reasoning impressed me deeply. 词形变换elegance n. U 典雅；高雅；优雅：He is admired for the elegance of his writing. elegantly adv. 优美地; 高雅地: The hotel is elegantly and comfortably appointed. flatterFLQtEv. 1. T to praise someone in order to make them feel attractive or important, sometimes in a way that is not sincere 奉承，讨好；I know he was only flattering me because he wanted to borrow some money.2. T to make someone look attractive than usual.使（某人）显得更吸引人:That new hairstyle really flatters her.词形变换 flatterer. n .拍马屁的人.flattering adj.使某人显得更漂亮；奉承的flattery .n. U 奉承，恭维.常用短语flatter to deceive 以假象蒙人，掩人耳目be/feel flattered被奉承的高兴，感到荣幸fieryfaiEri adj.1.bright red, like fire.火红的，火一般的;a fiery sky/sunset.火红的天空/落日的余晖。2. describes food which causes a strong burning feeling in the mouth. (食物)辣的；a fiery chilli sauce.辣味十足的辣椒酱。3.showing very strong feeling.激烈的，火暴的；a fiery debate.词义联想 fire 火 fiery(注意：形变音不变):She got killed in a car crash.她在一次撞车事件中丧生了。fortificationfO:tifikeiSEn noun 1.C usually pl 通常复 strong walls, towers, etc that are built to protect a place.防御工事；The fortifications of the castle were massive and impenetrable.2.U the act of fortifying something.强化，设防。词形变换 fortify v.Tto strengthen something, especially in order to protect to protect it. (尤指为防御而)加强，增强； He fortified himself with a drink before driving on.相关词组 a fortified town 设防的城镇eraseireiz v.1.T to remove something, especially a pencil mark by rubbing it.抹去.擦掉；Its in pencil so you can just erase anything thats wrong. 2.T to remove recordings or information from a magnetic tape or disc抹去（磁带内容），删除。3.T to cause a feeling or memory, or a time to be completely forgotten(从头脑中)消除；Tiger words is determined to erase the memory of a disappointing cup debut two years ago. 4.T to remove or destroy someone or sth.消除，消灭；Years of hand living had blurred but not erased her girlhood beauty.词形变换 erasure n.抹去，擦掉.词义联想 eraser C n.橡皮= rubber (英) raz,ras(擦，刮)erase.刮掉，擦去.razor.剃刀.expeditionekspidSn n.1.C an organized journey for a particular purpose.远征，探险，考察；Were going on a shopping expedition on Saturday.2.C the people, vehicles, animals, etc taking part in a expedition.踏上征途的一批人（或车，动物）,考察队，探险队；The British expedition to Mount Qumolangma is learning next month. 3.U speed in doing something .迅速，快速；We will deal with your order with the greatest possible expedition.词形变换 expedite .v. 促进，加快. expeditious adj.迅速的，敏捷的。词义联想 ped(足)expedition n. pedestrian.n.行人，步行者。emulate emjuleit v.1.T to copy something achieved by someone else.效仿，模仿；They hope to emulate the success of other software companies. 2.T try to do as well as they have 同竞争，努力赶上；Fitzgerald is keen to emulate Martins record of three successive world titles.词形变换 emulation n. C or Uextravagance ikstrQvEgEns n.C or U 奢侈的，铺张的；I think she was shocked by my extravagance.词形变换extravagant adj.1.spending, using or doing more than necessary in an uncontrolled way.铺张的，浪费的；That was very extravagant of you to buy strawberries out of season.词义辨析 luxurious, extravagant, lavish这三个词都有豪华，奢侈的意思，但侧重点不同。Luxurious着重强调事物的豪华，贵重,显气派。Extravagant强调事物的铺张，浪费,Lavish强调大方的，慷慨的。garment GA:MEnt 1. n (formal) a piece of clothing (一件）衣服2. n. appearance外表,外观 覆盖物3. v. T. Provide with cloths 给.穿衣服常用短语foundation garment 妇女紧身胸衣garment bag保护衣物的塑胶带典型例题 The _ is dyed in blood . A .cloth B. dress C. garment 详细解答本题选C答案. garment 语气庄重指身上穿着的全部a选项是普通用词B是指正式场合或某些特定用途的服装。guffaw GEFO:1. n. a burst of deep loud hearty laughter 狂笑 2. vt. laugh boisterously 狂笑 常用短语guffaw at 狂笑时态变化.(guffawed guffawing guffaws)hermit HZ:MIt n. one retired form society for religious reason, one who lives in solitude 隐士 ， 隐居者常用短语hermit crab 寄生蟹词型变换adj. hermitic, hermiticaladv. hermiticallyhollow hOlEu 1. n. a cavity or space in something，a small valley between mountains 洞，窟窿2. vt. to remove the inner part or core of ,to remove the interior of挖空3. adj. not solid, having a space or gap cavity deliberately deceptive虚伪的，空腹的常用短语hollow at 挖空 挖出beat sb. hollow 给以致命打击ring hollow 话语空洞词意辨析empty, vacant, hollow empty 指空无一人，或空洞无意义的vacant 普通用词，侧重事物的某个位置没有被占用hollow 指物体的中间是空的典型例题These all chocolate candies are all _.A empty B vacant C hollow 详细解答选C。只有hollow可以表示空心的意思。Iliad ILIEd伊利亚特，描写特洛伊战争的英雄史诗。相传为荷马所写。imprint IMPRInt 1 vt. establish or impress firmly in the mind ;make or stamp with or as if with pressure印号, 铭