This article is to explain a design of a 7-storey-teaching building in Huanghe Science and Technology shool.The building is reinforced concrete frame structure. will a the layer settle to 3.3m, two above story high of layerses settle to 3.3 and the total area is 7235 square meters.The thesis is written for the whole process of the complete design program,including the following parts:

1.Determination of the structure.

2.The calculation of Load,including dead load,live load,wind load and earthquake load.

3.Interior force calculation and,consititute of the lateral frame and the cross sections design of the components.

4.The structural design of foundation ,stair and slabs.

5 . The end words and the references.

The thesis is of some own characters:

1.With the consideration of architecture and structure requirements,it also considers the construction requirements and feasibility.

2.It applies different methods of structural calculation,aiming to different loads.

3.It applies theories formulation and practical formulation in the calculation of certain framework.

Keywords： architectural design structural design

reinforced concrete frame structure

load interior force cross sections’ design

摘要I

AbstractII

1 工程概况1

1.1工程概述1

1.2结构设计依据1

1.3材料选用1

2 建筑设计2

2.1 建筑平面设计2

2.2 建筑立面设计2

2.3 屋顶设计2

3 结构方案的选择及结构布置4

3.1结构方案4

3.2结构布置4

3.3柱网尺寸及层高5

3.4梁、柱截面尺寸的初步确定5

3.5楼板选择6

3.6结构横向框架的计算简图6

4 竖向荷载作用下的内力计算7

4.1计算单元：7

4.2恒荷载计算7

4.3活荷载计算11

4.4恒荷载作用下的内力计算12

4.5活荷载作用下的内力计算23

5 横向荷载作用下的内力计算32

5.1横向框架侧移刚度的计算32

5.2重力荷载代表值的计算37

5.3横向水平地震荷载作用下框架结构的内力和侧移计算43

5.4横向风荷载作用下框架结构内力和侧移计算53

6 内力调整59

6.1竖向荷载作用下的梁端弯矩调幅59

6.2框架梁内力折算至柱边60

6.3柱的内力调整63

7 内力组合及截面设计66

7.1内力组合66

7.2截面设计75

8 楼板设计90

8.1楼板类型及设计方法的选择：90

8.2设计参数90

8.3弯矩计算91

8.4截面设计95

9 楼梯设计98

9.1设计资料98

9.2梯段板设计98

9.3平台板设计100

9.4平台梁的设计101

10 基础设计103

10.1设计资料103

10.2设计计算103

参考文献106

致谢107

1 工程概况

1.1工程概述

建筑地点：郑州市XX科技学院南校区

建筑类型：七层教学楼，现浇框架填充墙结构。

工程简介：场地面积为45×35m2左右，拟建建筑面积约7000 m2。楼盖及屋盖均采用钢筋混凝土框架结构，现浇楼板厚度取为100mm，填充墙采用200厚蒸压粉煤灰加气混凝土砌块。基础采用柱下独立基础。

门窗使用：大门采用玻璃门，其它的为木门，一般门洞尺寸为1200mm2100mm，窗全部为铝合金窗，高为1.5mm

地质条件：经过地质勘探部门的确定，拟建场地土类型为中软场地土，II类建筑场地，地震设防烈度为7度。

1.2结构设计依据

建筑抗震设计规范GB 50011－2012

建筑地基基础设计规范GB 50007－2012

混凝土结构设计规范GB 50010－2012

建筑结构荷载规范GB 50009－2012

建筑结构制图标准GB/T 50105－2010

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建施毕业设计_t3.jpg

结施毕业设计.jpg

楼梯配筋详图3.jpg

内容简介：: xx科技学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告表课题名称黄河科技学院建工系教学楼设计课题来源教师拟定课题类型AY指导教师学生姓名专业土木工程学号一、调研资料的准备我上网查阅了大量的有关建筑方面的资料，又认真地看了一遍以前学习过的课本，并且到工地查看一些有关教学楼的设计从而搜集了很多资料，了解了更多的框架结构设计，框架结构和平面布置的优缺点，平面设计对房间功能的影响等。作为一座学校教学楼的设计，在设计之前应该深入对比同类建筑，调查其周围建筑物风格样式，做为框架结构应从整体设计，设计要满足室内水、电、暖、消防、抗震的设计要求，必须查看相应的规范、标准等。参考文献：1 建筑制图标准GB/T50104-20012 房屋建筑统一制图标准GB/T50001-20013 建筑结构荷载规范GB/50010-20014 建筑抗震设计规范GB50011-20105 建筑设计防火规范GBJ16-87 2001版6 建筑地基基础设计规范GB50008-20027 混凝土结构设计规范GB50010-20108 民用建筑设计通则JGJ37-879 混凝土结构设计张晋元主编天津大学出版社 10混凝土结构基本原理张丽华主编黄河水利出版社 11 房屋建筑学林深付立彬主编黄河水利出版社 12结构力学赵延林边亚东主编黄河水利出版社13 工程结构抗震与防灾李爱群高振世张志强主编东南大学出版社二、设计的目的与要求毕业设计是综合和总结大学四年的重要作业，提高学生对所学知识的综合运用能力，是一个理论联系实际的工作。毕业设计要求我们在导师的指导下，熟悉相关规范，通过计算机和手算来解决相关问题，独立系统地完成规定的工程设计，为即将步入的社会实践打牢基础。三、设计思路与预期成果应参观一定数量的实际工程，了解类似工程的最新进展；同时搜集必要的设计规范、手册及参考书籍，掌握autoCAD与pkpm等绘图及结构分析软件的使用。要求完成建筑设计与上部结构设计。建筑设计要满足建筑功能、消防功能、以及其他安全方面的要求，完成建筑平面、立面、剖面等基本设计任务；上部结构设计是毕业设计的主要内容，要解决好结构安全性能与建筑功能性的关系，完成结构选型、结构布置、梁柱板及楼梯的设计计算，并绘制相应的结构设计图。在认真贯彻“安全，适用，美观”的前提下，通过导师讲解、网上查资料、向导师咨询等方式完成设计。设计前期的主要准备：（1）熟悉设计任务书：建筑的目的，主要功能，以及一些其他的具体要求。（2）搜集必要的设计原始资料：地质水文资料、气象资料、与设计相关的国家及所在地的定额标准规范等，（3）学习相关的国家法律及规范：抗震、防火方面的具体要求以及采光、通风的设置方法。预期成果：1、设计任务书、开题报告、设计说明书2、图纸建筑施工图包括设计说明、门窗表、建筑平面图（首层、标准层与顶层）；立面图、剖面图(见楼梯)、楼梯平面及剖面图、节点构造详图。结构施工图应包括设计说明、结构平面施工图、框架施工图（平法、画一框架）、基础施工图、楼梯平面及配筋图、节点详图。3、文献综述（不少于3000字）、文献翻译（不少于3000字）四、任务完成的阶段内容及时间安排 1、1-4周完成开题报告、文献翻译、文献综述等，并完成初步设计。 2、4-11周完成整体设计，撰写说明书等； 3、12周修改论文，资格审查等；4、13周进行毕业答辩。五、完成设计（论文）具备的条件因素设计有关的规范标准可以去查相关的国家规范手册等，还可以与同学商量讨论一些问题的最优的解决方案，也可以向指导老师咨询。毕业设计主要的参考资料是：建筑结构荷载规范、建筑结构抗震规范、混凝土结构设计规范、办公楼设计、工民建毕业设计指导等参考资料，运用一些建筑常用软件如CAD 、pkpm等。指导教师签名：日期：课题来源：（1）教师拟订；（2）学生建议；（3）企业和社会征集；（4）科研单位提供课题类型：（1）A工程设计（艺术设计）；B技术开发；C软件工程；D理论研究；E调研报告（2）X真实课题；Y模拟课题；Z虚拟课题要求（1）、（2）均要填，如AY、BX等。 xx科技学院毕业设计(文献综述) 第 6 页土木工程施工技术的发展随着人类的产生，土木工程就已经产生，从开始对房屋的追求只限于遮风挡雨到现在追求艺术、安全、多功能，这其中有着非常漫长的发展历程。随着人们对房屋的要求不断提高，施工技术也在不断的提高。土木工程的发展也依赖于其他自然科学的发展。新石器时代到文艺复兴时期，由于这期间科学发展相对滞后，土木工程的发展也很缓慢。然后在文艺复兴之后，由于自然科学突飞猛进的发展，也带动了土木工程实现了历史性的跨越，走上了飞速发展的道路。到今天土木工程已经发展成一门大型综合性的学科，并出现了很多的分支。当然土木工程的快速发展也得益于社会经济的繁荣与科技的进步。同时施工技术也得到了跨越式的发展1。一、土木工程的概念及领域土木工程是建造各类工程设施的科学技术的总称。它包括内容广泛，既包括工程建设的对象如房屋、道路、桥梁、铁路、运输管路、隧道、运河、堤坝、港口、飞机场、电站、给排水及防护工程；也包括材料、设备、勘探、施工、保养维修等技术活动。其主要的学科分类有：岩土工程、结构工程、供热、供燃气、空调及通风工程、防灾减灾工程、桥梁与隧道工程2。二、土木工程施工的特点一般来说，土木工程施工具有以下特点：固定性：固定性指施工地点固定，选定施工地点后一般不会有太大的变动；流动性：流动性指施工队伍的流动性及同一个工程工人作业空间的流动性；多样性：多样性是指不同的工程其施工技术及施工方法也是不同的;协作性和综合性：工程的建设需要建设单位、施工单位、监理单位、设计单位及材料供应商等多家单位协作配合完成，各单位的配合协作对施工的影响很大，同时每个工程都有很多分部工程组成，涉及很多专业，综合性较强；复杂性和易受干扰性：工程建设的技术复杂，管理难度大，易受气候，周围环境等干扰，一般投资大，生产周期长。三、传统施工技术土木工程传统施工技术贯穿与整个工程建设中，方法也多种多样，随着工程结构，材料等的不同而不同，下面通过地基基础施工、混凝土结构施工和钢结构施工进行介绍3。1、地基基础施工桩基础是使用比较广泛的基础形式，在设计时分为两种极限状态设计，即承载力极限状态和正常使用极限状态。根据建筑规模、功能特征、对差异变形的适应性等要按照不同的设计等级进行施工，具体参照桩基施工规范4。按承载性状分桩基可以分为摩擦型桩和端承型桩，摩擦型桩又分为摩擦桩和端承摩擦桩，端承桩又分为端承桩和摩擦端承桩。摩擦桩在承载极限状态下，桩顶竖向荷载是有桩侧摩阻承担的，端阻力可以忽略。端承摩擦桩在极限状态下，桩顶竖向荷载是有桩侧阻力承受主要部分。端承桩在极限状态下，桩顶竖向荷载由桩端阻力承受，桩侧阻力可以忽略不计。摩擦端承桩是由端桩阻力承受主要荷载。按照成桩方法分还可以分为非挤土桩、挤土桩和部分挤土桩三种，根据制作材料分也可以分为混凝土桩、木桩、钢桩等。不同类型和不同材料的桩施工方法也不相同，在桩基础中首先应先选择桩型15。当前的土木工程施工中往往出现地基不能满足土木工程需要的承载力和变形能力的要求，施工时要采取正确的方法，以防路基或建筑物地基失稳或严重下沉，一旦出现地基失稳造成建筑物不能使用的要合理的进行加固16。2、混凝土结构施工混凝土结构施工有预制式和现浇式。预制混凝土施工方便快捷能缩短工期，因为构件可以提前预制好；现浇式具有结构完整性和方便浇筑各类复杂构件等优点，目前现浇法使用的较为广泛5。3、钢结构的施工钢结构的施工方法主要是吊装，在施工前要切实做好准备工作，包括场地清理、道路修筑、基础准备、构件运输、检查装备等，钢构件的运送先后顺序要按照施工顺序进行，构件运到现场后应尽量存放在起吊位置处以方便以后施工，吊装前应核准构件标号、位置，并清洁表面，摩擦面要保持干燥清洁。钢结构施工中主要的连接方法由螺栓连接、焊接等，铆接因为灵活性的原因逐渐被淘汰6。四、新型施工技术 1、深基坑施工技术深基坑施工技术是为了保证地下结构的安全以及保证周围环境的安全7，而采取的对周边环境的加固、支挡措施。随着我国高层建筑的普及以及城市地下空间的开发的增加，深基坑技术显得越来越重要。目前已经研制出了一种适合深基坑支护设计的软件，而其费用高经济性差尚未得到普及，我想在不久的将来必有更好更适合的方案带动深基坑技术的发展。2、灌注桩施工技术灌注桩施工是在施工现场的桩位处用机械或人工成孔，然后在孔内放入钢筋笼，浇筑混凝土而成的一种施工方。成孔工艺:干作业成孔、泥浆护壁成孔、人工成孔、套管成孔、爆扩成孔等。其特点能适应地层的变化，施工时震动小，噪声低、工艺要求较高、施工后混凝土需要养护且不能立即承受荷载。要注意混凝土的养护，确保混凝土灌注桩的质量和性能达到设计的要求8。 3、沉井施工技术沉井是由刃脚、井筒、内隔墙等组成的呈圆形的或矩形的筒状钢筋混凝土结构，多用于重型设备基础、桥墩、水泵站、取水结构、超高层建筑的基础等，施工时先制作井筒，然后在井筒内挖土，使井筒靠自重沉入土中9。井筒的最下端为刃脚，形状如刀刃，在沉井下沉过程中使沉井切入土中。沉井的外壁为井筒，在下沉过程中起挡土作用，同时靠其自重可以克服筒壁与土之间的摩阻力和刃脚底部的土阻力，使沉井能靠其自重下沉，下沉到设计标高后进行封顶，构筑井内底板、梁、梯板等构件，最终形成一个地下建筑物。4、预应力混凝土施工预应力混凝土结构的截面小刚度大，抗裂性和耐久性好，能充分发挥混凝土和钢筋的各自性能，在土木工程中得到了广泛的应用10。其施工方法主要有三种：一是先张法施工：先张拉预应力钢筋然后再浇筑混凝土构件的一种施工方法，主要施工过程是在浇筑混凝土之前张拉预应力钢筋，将其锚固在台座上或钢模上，然后浇筑混凝土，待混凝土达到设计强度的百分之七十五以上时，混凝土与钢筋有一定的粘结力时，放松预应力钢筋，借助混凝土与预应力钢筋之间的粘结，使混凝土产生预压应力11。二是后张法施工：先制作混凝土构件后张拉预应力钢筋的一种施工方法，施工过程:先制作预应力构件，预留孔道，当混凝土达到一定的强度后，将预应力钢筋插入孔道，利用张拉工具张拉预应力钢筋，然后用锚具将预应力钢筋锚固在端部，最后进行孔道灌浆。三是粘结预应力施工：是在后张法基础上发展起来的，施工过程：采用表面有涂料、外面包有塑料套管的预应力钢筋，铺设在模板上，然后浇筑混凝土，当混凝土达到设计强度后，再进行预应力筋的张拉锚固12。五、施工技术的发展与展望随着人们科学技术的进步以及人们对工程建设理论的不断发展，未来施工的机械化、高科技化、智能化和低碳化将成为施工技术发展的主流方向。高层建筑施工技术在未来很长一段时间内将成为施工技术发展的重点方向，我国城镇化进程的不断加快、旧城改造力度的不断实施以及国内建筑土地的日益匮乏，使得高层建筑成为建设工程的主要发展方向。高层建筑施工技术的发展需要深基坑支护技术、高强度混凝土技术、安全钢结构技术等多方面的技术作为支撑13。另外绿色建筑也将成为未来建筑工程发展的主要方向，土木工程作为人类较为复杂、大型的劳动创造活动，其对于资源的需求和环境的危害也是很大的，随着人们低碳环保意识的增强以及人类发展和谐社会的呼声不断提高，土木工程环保节能技术的发展及创新显得越来越重要。更重要的是当前低碳经济的发展已经成为社会经济发展的主流趋势，土木工程事业的发展必须跟社会经济的发展保持和谐一致才能走上持续发展和谐的道路1。总之，土木工程施工技术的发展需要理论和实践的完美结合，从理论中创新，从实践中寻找不足，逐步提高施工技术向着更完善的地步发展，才能满足新时代建设的需求14。参考文献1 何战宇，谈高层建筑外墙防渗漏施工技术J,科学之友，2010，（2）2 任和军，谈房屋建筑施工技术，工程科技3 张继春，叶廷巍，赵艳杰，建筑地基基础和桩基基础土建施工技术，工程科技4 孙海娟，土木工程施工技术及创新初探四川建材 2013 （3）5 杜命刚，土木工程施工技术及创新企业管理6 候卡厚，论土木工程施工技术，科技博见7 候德义，土木工程施工技术发展及愿景科技风8 窦海东，浅论土木工程施工技术，城市建设理论研究9 杨军，土木工程施工技术的创新与发展分析，学术研究10 连启彬，浅析土木工程施工技术及其未来发展，建材与装饰201311周振宇，土木工程施工技术的创新探究，科技创业家，201312 reinforced concrete structures R.Park & T.Paulay.13 Seismic retrofit schemes for RC structures and localglobal consequences G.E.Thermou（Greece） and A.S.Elnashai（USA） 2006.8.14谭松坤，土木工程施工技术的未来发展分析15吴磊，沈建强，李俊，土木工程施工技术及创新，科技资讯201216徐伟强，试析建筑混凝土的施工技术，科技资讯单位代码 02 学号_ 分类号_ _ TU _密级_ _ 毕业设计文献综述院（系）名称工学院建筑工程系专业名称土木工程学生姓名指导教师 2014年 3 月 10 日Are we architects free?Are we architects free from society ? Can we exist out of any specific time and space , in another expression? Questions such as these set the tone of our inquiry into Itos architecture. After all , unless we look into his architectural characteristics in close relation to the subject of time and space ,we will end up grasping only the surface of the content .Toyo Ito is an architect whose practice is based in Japan at the dawn of a new millennium. Like most of the well-known Janpanese architects, he did not study abroad but went to School of Architectural Engineering at Tokyo University. He set up his own office after working at an architectural firm for a few years upon graduation. He has been in private practice based in Tokyo since then .I am not sure whether it is necessary to recall you the statement of EH.Carrs,”What is history ?” as the process of design in architecture could be an outcome of concersations carried out continuously with his surroundings. I am not here to remind you that an architect is a product of his generation that represents the spirit of the era but to point out that a study of an architects work without full comprehension of the period and time he has led his life is pointless. But then ,a series of mistakes we commit during our study on an architect ,Toyo Ito ,and his work very ofen stems directly from the very outset. Such errors that we easily for apply to Japanese architecture in general not simply limited to him alone. One of them is our presumption that we live in the same period as he does and the other is come from our misled conception that life in Tokyo or Japan is almost identical to that in Seoul Korea.These are nothing more than our gesture of guessing the content of a big filled only with misconceptions so long as our knowledge of Japanese architecture is only skin deep. Despite the proximity of the two countries , what believe is that Japan and Korea are two completely different countries in reality. We acknowledge discrepancies of customs and culture of a country in Africa, taken as an example, without any resistance because we accept as facts from the very beginning that they belong to the people dont look like us at all. But then, just for the reason that they look alike and live near us, we start right from the start with a false assumption that these of Japan would be similar to ours if not identical. I dare to say that Japan, I know of, is a country as foreign as any country in Africa. Of course, it doesnt mean that I disapprove or disregard similarities in so many areas but simply says the fact that both similarities and disparities exist. Architecture as a part of our life, is bound to reflect our life and therefore, architecture of the two countries will produce different products so long as there is even a single dissimilarity between them. It is right here that we cannot escape from making an error when we see the formal or technical aspects of Japanese architecture. In Korea , a house is one of the primary commodities in most families , a subject of our speculation ,and a place to relax but that is not the case in Japan. To them , a house is only a space to sleep in, a sort of a restaurant to have mills, or a place to stop by. Such disparity of the two countries has something to do with how Japan was modernized. Space they never could own has become a temporary shelter only and such a view drives them to look for the functions used to be those of their homes outside their homes including symbolical one of traditional homes. And therefore, it turns into a process of having those functions realized in imagination or reality. Also just because we live the same era doesnt mean that we share the time together. Who could dare to say that people on the earth today live in the same era? After all, we occupy different time and space, although we live nearby. Therefore, knowing the architecture of Ito must be accompanied by comprehension of the time and space he leads his life at the same time. Beyond year 2000A new millenium is right at the corner. To many architects as well as I who have been anxious to the beginning of the next millenium , it is a point that demands changes in our thought. As important as ，nowis the next. Mediatheque project in Sendai is one that falls into this category of the future. I cannot wait for the day of its completion that is under construction right now. Scheduled to be open next year that the new millenium commences, this building has aroused the interest of many architects and critiques since the day it won the competition .They finally witnessed a new solution to the issues that the field of architecture has challenged for thousands of years without success such as the boundaries in space between structure and architecture and the internal layout of building plans. Actually, mediatheque project in Sendai was conceived from a very straightforward and simple concept. Viewed from the exterior of the building , it is typical cubicshaped building overall. However, on a closer look, we find the three elements that compose the building. The three elements are as follow：I）Plans, not two of them identical, with their own functions.2）Thirteen steel tubes playing the role of vertical cores, structural supports, and shafts for mechanical ducts.3）The glazing layer or the skin of the building which wraps the content around while linking the interior to the exterior. The building is made up of seven floors that contain all the function elements of the building are piled up on top of one another and the thirteen tubes penetrates them. Boundaries among structure, mechanical elements, and functions of the building are obliterated but intermingled in this building. Each floor plate is given its own spatial character accord- ing to the sizes and locations of tubes, and functions. The ceiling height of each floor corresponds to its functional requirements while maintaining flexibility and accommodating changes in functions and time.The outer skin doesnt simply sets the boundary of the building but works as a filter that exchanges all kinds of information while linking the interior to the exterior. It is worth comparing the building to Rem Koolhaass proposal for the Library of University of Paris, a project unrealized. Both schemes are viable answers to our challenge to the concept on plans and sections that we architects have been trying relentlessly to overcome throughout history. If Mediatheque was able to set itself from gravity with its plan composed of simple diagrams, Rems library scheme created a series of space in succession by breaking down the concept of floors stacked up one after another (Think of it as countless columns in a domino). Despite both design founded on two totally different conceputs in terms of space and mass, they are very much alike in the fact that both are places offering information in vertical oriented urban environment of today. Floor plates piled up on top of one another and continuous urban landscape are probably where architecture of the new century starts. Those who study architettural style of Itos from the point of formal order say that oval or curve-linear lines what characterizes his design. And as a matter of fact, such lines have been appeared in his design in a wide variety and even, I, myself, also have confirmed such tendencies. In his book, Transfiguration wind, he already expressed that architecture of the wind is the type of form that the buildings in our society should possess. Then, what does he mean by architecture of the wind? The wind in a city implies the movement or flow and it is said to be a metaphor for a part of the city he lives. In the city, man as well as information flows and therefore, whats left are places for transit not for settlement Architetture of the wind embarks from such defnition of built objects among the innumerable flows of people, vehicles, and images in Shinjuk. Buildings in the age of electronics are no longer stationery objects withstanding the test of time but transform and respond to the changes in surroundings. This is an interaction not interfering with other flows in urban and natural environment.The Crystal Ballpark submitted as a proposal for a soccer stadium of one of the Korean conglomerates reacts to the flow of the city ,while the dome in Otate surrounded in a natural setting responds to the physical wind. This dome perhaps based on the crystal palaces of England at the end of 19th Century ,is designed to hold up to one hundred thousand spectators in a metrop

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